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Ren J, Ren X, Ma L, Liu J, Yuan S, Wang G. Pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity of dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan nanomicelles loaded with chicoric acid in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103776. [PMID: 38688136 PMCID: PMC11077034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicoric acid (CA) is a natural nutrient found in plants, showcasing diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Despite its valuable properties, CA faces limitations in bioavailability and susceptibility to oxidative breakdown during utilization. Previous research introduced synthesized dihydrocaffeic acid grafted chitosan self-assembled nanomicelles (DA-g-CS), demonstrating its potential to enhance CA absorption. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and antioxidant activity of both CA and DA-g-CS loaded CA (DA-g-CS/CA) in broilers. An IPEC-J2 cell model was established and evaluated to delve deeper into the transport mechanism and antioxidant potential. The in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in broilers highlighted a substantial difference: the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of DA-g-CS/CA exceeded CA by 2.6-fold, yielding a notable increased relative bioavailability to 214%. This evidence underscores the significant enhancement in CA's oral absorption, facilitated by DA-g-CS. The collective evaluation outcomes affirm the successful development of the cell model, indicating its suitability for drug transporter experiments. The findings from the intestinal transit analysis revealed that both CA and DA-g-CS/CA underwent passive entry into IPEC-J2 cells. Notably, the cellular uptake rate of DA-g-CS loaded with CA was significantly amplified, reaching 2.1 times higher than that of CA alone. Intracellular transport mechanisms involved microtubules, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, with an additional pathway involving the endoplasmic reticulum observed specifically for DA-g-CS/CA, distinguishing it from CA. Moreover, the results from both in vivo and in vitro antioxidant assessments highlight the potent antioxidant activity of DA-g-CS/CA, showcasing its efficacy in preventing and treating cellular damage induced by oxidative stress. In summary, these findings underscore the significant enhancement of CA's efficacy facilitated by DA-g-CS, establishing a robust theoretical foundation for the prospective application of CA within livestock and poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Leying Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Yuan
- Baoding Institute for Food and Drug Control, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengnan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China.
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Seneca Valley Virus Enters PK-15 Cells via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis Dependent on Low-pH, Dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7. J Virol 2022; 96:e0144622. [PMID: 36472440 PMCID: PMC9769397 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a new pathogen resulting in porcine vesicular disease, is prevalent in pig herds worldwide. Although an understanding of SVV biology pathogenesis is crucial for preventing and controlling this disease, the molecular mechanisms for the entry and post-internalization of SVV, which represent crucial steps in viral infection, are not well characterized. In this study, specific inhibitors, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence detection revealed that SVV entry into PK-15 cells depends on low-pH conditions and dynamin. Furthermore, results showed that caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) contributes crucially to the internalization of SVV, as evidenced by cholesterol depletion, downregulation of caveolin-1 expression by small interfering RNA knockdown, and overexpression of a caveolin-1 dominant negative (caveolin-1-DN) in SVV-infected PK-15 cells. However, SVV entry into PK-15 cells did not depend on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Furthermore, treatment with specific inhibitors demonstrated that SVV entry into PK-15 cells via macropinocytosis depended on the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1), and actin rearrangement, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Electron microscopy showed that SVV particles or proteins were localized in CavME and macropinocytosis. Finally, knockdown of GTPase Rab5 and Rab7 by siRNA significantly inhibited SVV replication, as determined by measuring viral genome copy numbers, viral protein expression, and viral titers. In this study, our results demonstrated that SVV utilizes caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis to enter PK-15 cells, dependent on low pH, dynamin, Rab5, and Rab7. IMPORTANCE Entry of virus into cells represents the initiation of a successful infection. As an emerging pathogen of porcine vesicular disease, clarification of the process of SVV entry into cells enables us to better understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis. In this study, patterns of SVV internalization and key factors required were explored. We demonstrated for the first time that SVV entry into PK-15 cells via caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis requires Rab5 and Rab7 and is independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and that low-pH conditions and dynamin are involved in the process of SVV internalization. This information increases our understanding of the patterns in which all members of the family Picornaviridae enter host cells, and provides new insights for preventing and controlling SVV infection.
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周 红, 李 少, 陈 丹, 赵 婷, 龚 涛, 李 佳. [Preliminary Study on Drug-Loaded Chondroitin Sulfate-Modified Micelles Targeting Golgi Apparatus in Tumor Cells for the Treatment of Tumor Metastasis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:619-625. [PMID: 35871732 PMCID: PMC10409471 DOI: 10.12182/20220760103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective To make preliminary exploration into the Golgi apparatus targeting of chondroitin sulfate-modified micelles (CSmicelles) co-loaded with pirarubicin (THP) and vinorelbine (VRL) in tumor cells, as well as their in vitro anti-tumor metastasis effect. Methods The cellular uptake efficiency and internalization mechanism of CSmicelles in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line were investigated by flow cytometry. Preliminary study of the Golgi apparatus targeting CSmicelles in tumor cells was conducted by co-localization experiment. Then, the effect of CSmicelles co-loaded with THP and VRL (THP+VTL-CSmicelles) on the structure of Golgi apparatus was investigated by GM130 immunofluorescence experiment. Finally, the i n vitro anti-tumor metastasis ability of THP+VTL-CSmicelles was evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell migration/invasion assay. Results It was found that CSmicelles could significantly increase cellular uptake of drugs. CSmicelles were internalized into cells through clathrin-mediated and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, which was energy-dependent active transport and exhibited substantial ability of targeting Golgi apparatus in tumor cells. THP+VTL-CSmicelles could break down the structure of Golgi apparatus and significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Conclusion THP+VTL-CSmicelles demonstrate high affinity towards Golgi apparatus in tumor cells, exert targeted effects and inhibit tumor cell metastasis, which provides a novel idea and method for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 红利 周
- 四川大学华西药学院 靶向药物与释药系统教育部重点实验室 （成都 610041）Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 少宏 李
- 四川大学华西药学院 靶向药物与释药系统教育部重点实验室 （成都 610041）Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 丹 陈
- 四川大学华西药学院 靶向药物与释药系统教育部重点实验室 （成都 610041）Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 婷 赵
- 四川大学华西药学院 靶向药物与释药系统教育部重点实验室 （成都 610041）Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 涛 龚
- 四川大学华西药学院 靶向药物与释药系统教育部重点实验室 （成都 610041）Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 佳 李
- 四川大学华西药学院 靶向药物与释药系统教育部重点实验室 （成都 610041）Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li S, Xiao D, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Chen R, Liu W, Wen Y, Liao Y, Wen Y, Wu R, Han X, Zhao Q, Du S, Yan Q, Wen X, Cao S, Huang X. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) Entry into PK-15 Cells by Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis. Viruses 2022; 14:496. [PMID: 35336903 PMCID: PMC8950576 DOI: 10.3390/v14030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged enteric virus affecting pig breeding industries worldwide, and its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. (2) Methods: In this study, we preliminarily identified the endocytic pathway of PDCoV in PK-15 cells, using six chemical inhibitors (targeting clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis pathway and endosomal acidification), overexpression of dominant-negative (DN) mutants to treat PK-15 cells and proteins knockdown. (3) Results: The results revealed that PDCoV entry was not affected after treatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ), 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA)or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), indicating that the entry of PDCoV into PK-15 cells were clathrin-, micropinocytosis-, PH-independent endocytosis. Conversely, PDCoV infection was sensitive to nystatin, dynasore and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) with reduced PDCoV internalization, indicating that entry of PDCoV into PK-15 cells was caveolae-mediated endocytosis that required dynamin and cholesterol; indirect immunofluorescence and shRNA interference further validated these results. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, PDCoV entry into PK-15 cells depends on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, which requires cholesterol and dynamin. Our finding is the first initial identification of the endocytic pathway of PDCoV in PK-15 cells, providing a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PDCoV and the design of new antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Dai Xiao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Yujia Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Weizhe Liu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Yimin Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Yijie Liao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (D.X.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.C.); (W.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station for Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Animal Experiments Teaching Demonstration Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Abstract
CD46 is a receptor for human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and is in some cells also important for infection with HHV-6B. CD46 has several isoforms of which the most commonly expressed can be distinguished by expression of a BC domain or a C domain in a serine-threonine-proline rich (STP) extracellular region. Using a SupT1 CD46 CRISPR-Cas9 knockout model system reconstituted with specific CD46 isoforms, we demonstrated that HHV-6A infection was more efficient when BC-isoforms were expressed as opposed to C-isoforms, measured by higher levels of intracellular viral transcripts and recovery of more progeny virus. Although the B domain contains several O-glycosylations, mutations of Ser and Thr residues did not prevent infection with HHV-6A. The HHV-6A infection was blocked by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, infection with HHV-6B was preferentially promoted by C-isoforms mediating fusion-from-without, and this infection was less affected by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Taken together, HHV-6A preferred BC isoforms, mediating endocytosis, whereas HHV-6B preferred C isoforms, mediating fusion-from-without. This demonstrates that the STP region of CD46 is important for regulating the mode of infection in SupT1 cells and suggests an epigenetic regulation of the host susceptibility to HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection. Importance CD46 is the receptor used by human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) during infection of T cells, but it is also involved in infection of certain T cells by HHV-6B. The gene for CD46 allows expression of several variants of CD46, known as isoforms, but whether the isoforms matter for infection of T cells is unknown. We used a genetic approach to delete CD46 from T cells and reconstituted them with separate isoforms to study these individually. We expressed the isoforms known as BC and C, which are distinguished by the potential inclusion of a B domain in the CD46 molecule. We demonstrate that HHV-6A prefers the BC isoform to infect T cells, and this occurs predominantly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, HHV-6B prefers the C isoform and infects predominantly by fusion-from-without. Thus, CD46 isoforms may affect susceptibility of T cells to infection with HHV-6A and HHV-6B.
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Xiao X, Xu M, Yu H, Wang L, Li X, Rak J, Wang S, Zhao RC. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles mitigate oxidative stress-induced senescence in endothelial cells via regulation of miR-146a/Src. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:354. [PMID: 34675187 PMCID: PMC8531331 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent endothelial cells (ECs) could impair the integrity of the blood vessel endothelium, leading to vascular aging and a series of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes. Preventing or mitigating EC senescence might serve as a promising therapeutic paradigm for these diseases. Recent studies showed that small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have the potential to transfer bioactive molecules into recipient cells and induce phenotypic changes. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been postulated as an important source cell in regenerative medicine, herein we investigated the role and mechanism of MSC-derived sEV (MSC-sEV) on EC senescence. In vitro results showed that MSC-sEV reduced senescent biomarkers, decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), rescued angiogenesis, migration and other dysfunctions in senescent EC induced by oxidative stress. In the In vivo natural aging and type-2 diabetes mouse wound-healing models (both of which have senescent ECs), MSC-sEV promoted wound closure and new blood vessel formation. Mechanically, miRNA microarray showed that miR-146a was highly expressed in MSC-sEV and also upregulated in EC after MSC-sEV treatment. miR-146a inhibitors abolished the stimulatory effects of MSC-sEV on senescence. Moreover, we found miR-146a could suppress Src phosphorylation and downstream targets VE-cadherin and Caveolin-1. Collectively, our data indicate that MSC-sEV mitigated endothelial cell senescence and stimulate angiogenesis through miR-146a/Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xiao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqian Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic medical college, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shihua Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China.
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Hsv-1 Endocytic Entry into a Human Oligodendrocytic Cell Line is Mediated by Clathrin and Dynamin but Not Caveolin. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070734. [PMID: 32645983 PMCID: PMC7411905 DOI: 10.3390/v12070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a pathway used by viruses to enter cells that can be classified based on the proteins involved, such as dynamin, clathrin or caveolin. Although the entry of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) by endocytosis has been documented in different cell types, its dependence on clathrin has not been described whereas its dependence on dynamin has been shown according to the cell line used. The present work shows how clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one way that HSV-1 infects the human oligodendroglial (HOG) cell line. Partial dynamin inhibition using dynasore revealed a relationship between decrease of infection and dynamin inhibition, measured by viral titration and immunoblot. Co-localization between dynamin and HSV-1 was verified by immunofluorescence at the moment of viral entry into the cell. Inhibition by chlorpromazine revealed that viral progeny also decreased when clathrin was partially inhibited in our cell line. RT-qPCR of immediately early viral genes, specific entry assays and electron microscopy all confirmed clathrin's participation in HSV-1 entry into HOG cells. In contrast, caveolin entry assays showed no effect on the entry of this virus. Therefore, our results suggest the participation of dynamin and clathrin during endocytosis of HSV-1 in HOG cells.
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Zhao T, Cui L, Yu X, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Hua X. Proteome Analysis Reveals Syndecan 1 Regulates Porcine Sapelovirus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4386. [PMID: 32575635 PMCID: PMC7352226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus A (PSV) is a single stranded, positive-sense, non-enveloped RNA virus that causes enteritis, pneumonia, polioencephalomyelitis, and reproductive disorders in pigs. Research on PSV infection and interaction with host cells is unclear. In this study, we applied tandem mass tag proteomics analysis to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in PSV-infected pig kidney (PK)-15 cells and explored the interactions between PSV and host cells. Here we mapped 181 DEPs, including 59 up-regulated and 122 down-regulated DEPs. Among them, osteopontin (SPP1), induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5 (IFIT5), ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15), vinculin (VCL), and syndecan-1 (SDC1) were verified significantly changed using RT-qPCR. Additionally, overexpression of SDC1 promoted PSV viral protein (VP)1 synthesis and virus titer, and silencing of SDC1 revealed the opposite results. Our findings show that SDC1 is a novel host protein and plays crucial roles in regulating PSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Li Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Xiangqian Yu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200136, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhonghai Zhang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200136, China; (X.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai 201103, China;
| | - Xiuguo Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (T.Z.); (L.C.)
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Celik O, Saglam A, Baysal B, Derwig IE, Celik N, Ak M, Aslan SN, Ulas M, Ersahin A, Tayyar AT, Duran B, Aydin S. Factors preventing materno-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Placenta 2020; 97:1-5. [PMID: 32501218 PMCID: PMC7258816 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although many pregnant women have been infected by coronavirus, the presence of intrauterine vertical transmission has not been conclusively reported yet. What prevents this highly contagious virus from reaching the fetus? Is it only the presence of a strong placental barrier, or is it the natural absence of the some receptor that the viruses use for transmission? We, therefore, need to comprehensively understand the mechanism of action of the mammalian epithelial barriers located in two different organs with functional similarity. The barriers selected as potential targets by SARS-CoV-2 are the alveolo-capillary barrier (ACB), and the syncytio-capillary barrier (SCB). Caveolae are omega-shaped structures located on the cell membrane. They consist of caveolin-1 protein (Cav-1) and are involved in the internalisation of some viruses. By activating leukocytes and nuclear factor-κB, Cav-1 initiates inflammatory reactions. The presence of more than one Cav-1 binding sites on coronavirus is an important finding supporting the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2-mediated lung injury. While the ACB cells express Cav-1 there is no caveolin expression in syncytiotrophoblasts. In this short review, we will try to explain our hypothesis that the lack of caveolin expression in the SCB is one of the most important physiological mechanisms that prevents vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Since the physiological Cav-1 deficiency appears to prevent acute cell damage treatment algorithms could potentially be developed to block this pathway in the non-pregnant population affected by SARS-CoV-2. Syncytiotrophoblasts do not express caveolin. SARS-CoV-2 does not bind to syncytiotrophoblasts. Placental barrier does not allow passage of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Celik
- Private Clinic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Aylin Saglam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aksaray University School of Medicine, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Bora Baysal
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Iris E Derwig
- Chelsea Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | - Nilufer Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selma N Aslan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulas
- Department of Physiology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aynur Ersahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahter T Tayyar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Duran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adatıp Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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10
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Zhong B, Shi D, Wu F, Wang S, Hu H, Cheng C, Qing X, Huang X, Luo X, Zhang Z, Shao Z. Dynasore suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhances the antitumor capacity of cisplatin via STAT3 pathway in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 31534119 PMCID: PMC6751204 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor. The prognosis of metastatic and recurrent OS patients still remains unsatisfactory. Cisplatin reveals undeniable anti-tumor effect while induces severe side effects that threatening patients’ health. Dynasore, a cell-permeable small molecule that inhibits dynamin activity, has been widely studied in endocytosis and phagocytosis. However, the anti-tumor effect of dynasore on OS has not yet been ascertained. In the present study, we suggested that dynasore inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced G0/G1 arrest of OS cells. Besides, dynasore repressed tumorigenesis of OS in xenograft mouse model. In addition, we demonstrated that dynasore improved the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo without inducing nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Mechanistically, dynasore repressed the expression of CCND1, CDK4, p-Rb, and MMP-2. Furthermore, we found that dynasore exerts anti-tumor effects in OS partially via inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway but not ERK-MAPK, PI3K-Akt or SAPK/JNK pathways. P38 MAPK pathway served as a negative regulatory mechanism in dynasore induced anti-OS effects. Taken together, our study indicated that dynasore does suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via STAT3 signaling pathway, and enhances the antitumor capacity of cisplatin in OS. Our results suggest that dynasore is a novel candidate drug to inhibit the tumor growth of OS and enhance the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlong Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fashuai Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shangyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongzhi Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xueying Luo
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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