1
|
Khan S, Claeson M, Khan A, Neale R. The effect of physical activity on vitamin D: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies in humans. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100495. [PMID: 38601179 PMCID: PMC11004199 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cross-sectional studies demonstrate a positive association between higher physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. However, whether this association is causal is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to identify intervention studies that examined the effect of physical activity on serum 25(OH)D concentration in humans. Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify full-text peer-reviewed articles published in English from inception until January 2023. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. We used random effects meta-analysis to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) in the change in 25(OH)D concentration between physical activity and control groups. We used the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Results We included 32 articles in the systematic review and 24 in the meta-analysis. The intervention varied from resistance and weight-bearing exercises (n = 13) to aerobic exercises (n = 10), moderate and moderate-to-vigorous exercises (n = 5), aquatic exercise (n = 2), and multicomponent traditional exercises (n = 2) (Tai Chi and Yijinjing). The WMD in 25(OH)D in the physical activity and control groups was 9.51 and 4.87, respectively (between-group mean difference 4.64, p = 0.002). However, the difference was only evident in studies that implemented the intervention outdoors (n = 3; between-group mean difference 17.33, p < 0.0001); when the intervention was indoors there was no significant effect of physical activity on 25(OH)D (n = 16; between-group mean difference 1.80, p = 0.113). Conclusions This meta-analysis of physical activity interventions in humans showed that physical activity does not lead to increased 25(OH)D independently of time outdoors. However, most studies were under-powered, in many the exercise was low intensity, and vitamin D was not the primary outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.R. Khan
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - M. Claeson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - A. Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - R.E. Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029 Australia
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaravar F, Tamaddon G, Zaravar L, Koushkie Jahromi M. The effect of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on bone metabolism in postmenopausal obese women. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:127-133. [PMID: 38299108 PMCID: PMC10828811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite prevalence of studies indicating the positive effect of land-based exercise on bone metabolism, there are limited findings regarding the effect of aquatic exercise. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on femur bone mineral density (BMD), serum 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in postmenopausal obese women with vitamin D insufficiency. Methods 40 postmenopausal obese women were randomly divided into four groups of aquatic training + vitamin D3 intake group; (ATD), aquatic training with placebo intake group (AT), vitamin D3 intake group (D), and control group with placebo intake (CON). AT groups performed aerobic aquatic exercises for 8 weeks. Vitamin D3 supplementation groups consumed oral dose of 4000 IU/d for 8 weeks. Results The femur BMD was significantly higher in the ATD than the AT and D and CON groups; in AT it was higher than the D and CON groups. Serum 25(OH)D level in the ATD was more than AT and CON, and in the D was more than the CON and AT. PTH in the ATD group was lower compared to AT, D, and CON groups. PTH was lower in the AT and D compared to the CON. Conclusion In postmenopausal obese women with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, combining vitamin D supplementation and aquatic training was the most effective method for improving bone metabolism; Vitamin D supplementation (alone) was not sufficient to affect some of bone metabolism indices; Aquatic training could not improve serum vitamin D. By priority, ATD, AT, and D indicated better bone related metabolism indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foroozandeh Zaravar
- General Sciences Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tamaddon
- Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Zaravar
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Zhou C, Yu H, Hao L, Ju M, Feng W, Guo Z, Sun X, Fan Q, Xiao R. Vitamin D, Folic Acid and Vitamin B 12 Can Reverse Vitamin D Deficiency-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment by Altering 27-Hydroxycholesterol and S-Adenosylmethionine. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010132. [PMID: 36615790 PMCID: PMC9824694 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-oxidized metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is synthesized by CYP27A1, which is a key factor in vitamin D and oxysterol metabolism. Both vitamin D and 27-OHC are considered to play important roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study aims to research the effects of co-supplementation of vitamin D, folic acid, and vitamin B12 on learning and memory ability in vitamin D-deficient mice, and to explore the underlying mechanism. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet for 13 weeks to establish a vitamin D-deficient mice model. The vitamin D-deficient mice were then orally gavaged with vitamin D (VD), folic acid (FA), and vitamin B12 (VB12) alone or together for eight weeks. Following the gavage, the learning and memory ability of the mice were evaluated by Morris Water Maze and Novel object recognition test. The CYP27A1-related gene and protein expressions in the liver and brain were determined by qRT-PCR. The serum level of 27-OHC was detected by HPLC-MS. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, homocysteine (Hcy), and S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) were measured by ELISA. After feeding with the vitamin D-deficient diet, the mice performed longer latency to a platform (p < 0.001), lower average speed (p = 0.026) in the Morris Water Maze, a lower time discrimination index (p = 0.009) in Novel object recognition, and performances were reversed after vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation alone or together (p < 0.05). The gene expressions of CYP27A1 in the liver and brain were upregulated in the vitamin D-deficiency (VDD) group compared with the control (CON) group (p = 0.015), while it was downregulated in VDD + VD and VDD + VD-FA/VB12 groups compared with the VDD group (p < 0.05), with a similar trend in the protein expression of CYP27A1. The serum levels of 27-OHC were higher in the VDD group, compared with CON, VDD + VD, and VDD + VD-FA/VB12 group (p < 0.05), and a similar trend was found in the brain. The serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly decreased in the vitamin D-deficiency group (p = 0.008), and increased in the vitamin D-supplemented group (p < 0.001). The serum levels of SAM were higher in the B vitamins-supplemented group, compared with CON and VDD groups (p < 0.05). This study suggests that CYP27A1 expression may be involved in the mechanism of learning and memory impairment induced by vitamin D deficiency. Co-supplementation with vitamin D, folic acid, and vitamin B12 significantly reverses this effect by affecting the expression of CYP27A1, which in turn regulates the metabolism of 27-OHC, 25(OH)D, and SAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ling Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mengwei Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhiting Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuejing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiushi Fan
- Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-83911512; Fax: +86-010-83911512
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Exercise: A Possibly Effective Way to Improve Vitamin D Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132652. [PMID: 35807833 PMCID: PMC9268447 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has become a widespread public health problem owing to its potential adverse health effects. Generally, the nutritional status of vitamin D depends on sunlight exposure and dietary or supplementary intake. However, recent studies have found that exercise can influence circulating 25(OH)D levels; although, the results have been inconclusive. In this review, we focused on the effect of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolites and their possible mechanisms. We found that endurance exercise can significantly increase serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D-deficient people but has no significant effect on vitamin D-sufficient people. This benefit has not been observed with resistance training. Only chronic endurance exercise training can significantly increase serum 1,25(OH)2D, and the effect may be sex-dependent. Exercise may influence 25(OH)D levels in the circulation by regulating either the vitamin D metabolites stored in tissues or the utilization by target tissues. The effects of exercise on 25(OH)D levels in the circulation may be dependent on many factors, such as the vitamin D nutritional status, exercise type and intensity, and sex. Therefore, further research on the effects and mechanisms of exercise on vitamin D metabolites is required.
Collapse
|
5
|
Allam HH, Shafie A, Gharib AF, El Askary A, Almehmadi M, Alsayad T, Alziyadi AM, Elsayyad LK. Effect of Application of Different Exercise Intensities on Vitamin D and Parathormone in Children with Down's Syndrome. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:7424857. [PMID: 34917171 PMCID: PMC8670939 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7424857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Down's syndrome are more liable to vitamin D deficiency. Treating this deficiency with supplements is associated with the risk of intoxication. AIM The study is aimed at comparing the effect of two exercise intensities on the modulation of vitamin D and parathormone levels in children with DS. METHODS Forty-four DS male children aged from 8 to 12 years participated in the study. They were assigned randomly into two equal groups. Group I received high-intensity treadmill aerobic exercises, and group II received moderate-intensity T-AE, three times per week for three months. The blood samples were collected from both groups before the intervention, after one month of intervention, then after three months of intervention to assess serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels. RESULTS Repeated measure MANOVA revealed that the high-intensity T-AE induced a significant increase in 25(OH)D after one month and after three months while it significantly decreased PTH only after three months. Moderate-intensity T-AE had a nonsignificant effect on both hormones. CONCLUSION The current study concluded that the high-intensity T-AE improved both vitamin D and parathormone serum levels after three months of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem H. Allam
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Alsayad
- Lecturer of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Alziyadi
- Academic Affairs Director, Prince Sultan Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamiaa K. Elsayyad
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Effect of Resistance Training in Healthy Adults on Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass and Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:287-300. [PMID: 34536199 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training is the gold standard exercise mode for accrual of lean muscle mass, but the isolated effect of resistance training on body fat is unknown. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated resistance training for body composition outcomes in healthy adults. Our primary outcome was body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body fat mass and visceral fat. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES We searched five electronic databases up to January 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included randomised trials that compared full-body resistance training for at least 4 weeks to no-exercise control in healthy adults. ANALYSIS We assessed study quality with the TESTEX tool and conducted a random-effects meta-analysis, with a subgroup analysis based on measurement type (scan or non-scan) and sex (male or female), and a meta-regression for volume of resistance training and training components. RESULTS From 11,981 records, we included 58 studies in the review, with 54 providing data for a meta-analysis. Mean study quality was 9/15 (range 6-15). Compared to the control, resistance training reduced body fat percentage by - 1.46% (95% confidence interval - 1.78 to - 1.14, p < 0.0001), body fat mass by - 0.55 kg (95% confidence interval - 0.75 to - 0.34, p < 0.0001) and visceral fat by a standardised mean difference of - 0.49 (95% confidence interval - 0.87 to - 0.11, p = 0.0114). Measurement type was a significant moderator in body fat percentage and body fat mass, but sex was not. Training volume and training components were not associated with effect size. Resistance training reduces body fat percentage, body fat mass and visceral fat in healthy adults. STUDY REGISTRATION osf.io/hsk32.
Collapse
|