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Zheng Y, Chen Z, Yang J, Zheng J, Shui X, Yan Y, Huang S, Liang Z, Lei W, He Y. The Role of Hyperuricemia in Cardiac Diseases: Evidence, Controversies, and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:753. [PMID: 39062467 PMCID: PMC11274514 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) may lead to myocardial cell damage, thereby promoting the occurrence and adverse outcomes of heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the latest clinical research progress, and explore the impact of HUA on myocardial damage-related diseases such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and heart failure. We also combined recent findings from basic research to analyze potential mechanisms linking HUA with myocardial injury. In different pathological models (such as direct action of high uric acid on myocardial cells or combined with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model), HUA may cause damage by activating the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome-induced inflammatory response, interfering with cardiac cell energy metabolism, affecting antioxidant defense systems, and stimulating reactive oxygen species production to enhance the oxidative stress response, ultimately resulting in decreased cardiac function. Additionally, we discuss the impact of lowering uric acid intervention therapy and potential safety issues that may arise. However, as the mechanism underlying HUA-induced myocardial injury is poorly defined, further research is warranted to aid in the development novel therapeutic strategies for HUA-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhirui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jinya Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
| | - Yiguang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zheng Liang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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Xu X, Zhang G, Li Z, Li D, Chen R, Huang C, Li Y, Li B, Yu H, Chu XM. MINOCA biomarkers: Non-atherosclerotic aspects. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117613. [PMID: 37871762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) is an important subtype of myocardial infarction. Although comprising less than 50% stenosis in the main epicardial coronary arteries, it constitutes a severe health risk. A variety of approaches have been recommended, but definitive diagnosis remains elusive. In addition, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of underlying pathophysiology makes clinical management difficult and unpredictable. This review highlights ongoing efforts to identify relevant biomarkers in MINOCA to improve diagnosis, individualize treatment and better predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Haichu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China; The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Rodríguez Candelario II, Perez-Aybar AE, Roman-Ramos JA. MINOCA: A Working Diagnosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e49695. [PMID: 38161900 PMCID: PMC10757752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cases of patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) without angiographic obstructive CAD are not trivial and have significant prevalence. "The Fourth Universal Definition of MI" (4UDMI) published in 2018 introduced MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). The new section was of great importance as it validated the diagnosis by defining its criteria and recognizing its presence in the community and the need for further investigation. Given the nature of the diagnosis of MINOCA, coronary angiography provides limited information about prognosis and risk stratification for future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Thus, additional imaging to understand the underlying etiology of MINOCA in conjunction with a better understanding of prognostic factors is necessary to expand on the current guidelines and aid in screening for possible complications, risk of MACE, and all-cause mortality. Discerning the etiology of the presentation is crucial, and physiologic studies, as well as additional imaging, are an important part of this evaluation. These modalities include intravascular studies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), fractional flow reserve (FFR), and imaging in the form of cardiac CT (CCT) and cardiac MRI (CMR). This step is essential to target treatment regimens more efficiently. The purpose of promoting multiple imaging modalities beyond traditional angiography is to address the working MINOCA diagnosis, with the finality of identifying the specific ischemic pathophysiology. MINOCA has multiple causative mechanisms, making it a heterogeneous collection of etiologies, resulting in acute MI: atherosclerotic, and non-atherosclerotic. This literature revision demonstrates that MINOCA prevalence and mortality are not trivial, and the diagnosis affects quality of life. MINOCA presents a definitive risk of MACE without proper stratification and targeted medical therapy. Several prognostic factors of morbidity and mortality in MI-CAD patients have been identified to correlate with MINOCA patients, especially inflammatory markers. MINOCA is not an exclusion diagnosis but a working diagnosis for which further imaging studies should be performed.
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Li Z, Yuan J, Hu E, Wei D. Relation of serum uric acid levels to readmission and mortality in patients with heart failure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18495. [PMID: 37898627 PMCID: PMC10613251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the association between uric acid (UA) levels and clinical outcomes, such as readmission and mortality, in patients with heart failure are scarce. This study explores whether UA exhibits an independent association with the composite endpoint (clinical outcome during 6 months after discharge, including mortality and 6-month readmission) in patients with chronic heart failure while controlling for other covariates. This study was an observational retrospective study. A cohort of 1943 consecutive patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure, who were admitted between December 2016 and June 2019, was included in the study. Data were sourced from PhysioNet. The independent variable analyzed was the UA level, and the dependent variable was a composite endpoint comprising mortality and 6-month readmission. The study had 1943 participants, of which 91.04% were aged more than 60 years and 58.05% were female. The fully-adjusted model yielded a positive correlation between UA levels (per 10 µmol/L) and the composite endpoint as well as readmission, following adjustment for confounding variables (HR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01). Notably, a non-linear relationship was observed between UA levels and the composite endpoint, particularly readmission, with a J-shaped correlation observed between UA levels and both the composite endpoint and readmission. Overall, we found that the serum UA levels at admission were independently and positively associated with the risk of the composite endpoint (clinical outcomes during 6 months after discharge), especially readmission after adjusting other covariates. A J-shaped relationship was observed between UA levels and the composite endpoint and readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpan Li
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Encong Hu
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Diyang Wei
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China
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Zhong Q, Jiang L, An K, Zhang L, Li S, An Z. Depression and risk of sarcopenia: a national cohort and Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1263553. [PMID: 37920543 PMCID: PMC10618558 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1263553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression and the increased risk of sarcopenia are prevalent among the elderly population. However, the causal associations between these factors remain unclear. To investigate the potential association between depression and the risk of sarcopenia in older adults, this study was performed. Methods In the baseline survey, a total of 14,258 individuals aged 40 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2015) participated. We initially described the baseline prevalence of the disease. Then, logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were conducted to assess the relationship between depression and sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis was performed to validate the robustness of the findings. Additionally, we conducted Mendelian randomization analysis using the inverse variance weighting estimator to assess the causal relationship between depression and sarcopenia. Furthermore, we adopted six methods, including MR-Egger, simple median, weighted median, maximum likelihood, robust adjusted profile score (RAPS), and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), for sensitivity analyses. Results Depression patients exhibited higher risks of sarcopenia in all five models adjusting for different covariates (P < 0.05). The RCS analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between depression and sarcopenia (P < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, increased risk was observed among participants aged 60-70, married or cohabiting individuals, non-smokers, non-drinkers, those with less than 8 h of sleep, BMI below 24, and individuals with hypertension (all P < 0.05). Mendelian randomization results revealed that genetically proxied depression led to a reduction in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study provides observational and causal evidences that depression can lead to sarcopenia. This finding emphasizes the importance of timely identification and management of depression, as well as implementing targeted educational programs as part of comprehensive strategies to prevent sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lisha Jiang
- Day Surgery Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang An
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Huang L, Rong J, Fang C, Chen X, Hong C. Association of serum uric acid with prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction: an update systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:512. [PMID: 37848854 PMCID: PMC10583382 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of serum uric acid (SUA) in individuals who have experienced myocardial infarction (MI) remains a subject of academic debate. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of immediate and long-term adverse outcomes in individuals with elevated levels of uric acid (UA) following a diagnosis of MI. METHOD This study conducted a literature search from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Emcrae, and Scopus to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic impact of MI with a hyper SUA to assess short-term (30-day or in-hospital) and long-term mortality, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and its adverse event rate in relation to SUA. The literature search was conducted up until April 2023. A random effects model and risk ratio (RR) were used as epidemiological indicators. For indicators with low disease rates, treatment intensity was reduced and RR was considered equivalent to odds ratio (OR). Hazard Ratio (HR), RR, and OR extracted from the data were simultaneously subjected to multivariable adjustment for confounding factors. In addition, P values for all original hypotheses were extracted and a meta-analysis was conducted. High SUA was defined as SUA levels equal to or greater than 420 μmol/L (7.0 mg/dL) for males and equal to or greater than 357 μmol/L (6.0 mg/dL) for females. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS This comprehensive study included a total of 41 investigations, involving a large sample size of 225,600 individuals who had experienced MI. The findings from the meta-analysis reveal that patients diagnosed with hyperuricemia have significantly increased rates of short-term mortality (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.86, 2.48) and short-term incidence of MACE (RR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.65-2.11). Furthermore, long-term adverse outcomes, including all-cause mortality (RR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.40-1.51) and incidence of MACE (RR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.35-1.52), were also found to be higher in this specific patient population. CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with MI and elevated SUA levels exhibit a heightened incidence of MACE during their hospital stay. Furthermore, these individuals also experience elevated rates of in-hospital mortality and mortality within one year of hospitalization. However, it is important to note that further randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate and authenticate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Qianwan New District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiacheng Rong
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Qianwan New District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo Yinzhou No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Qianwan New District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaokun Hong
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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Liu W, Yu W, Xie D, Wang Q, Zhao H, Lv J, He F, Xu C, Chen B, Yamamoto T, Koyama H, Cheng J. High Uric Acid Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability by Apoptosis Targeted Autophagy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1176-1186. [PMID: 36436875 PMCID: PMC10499446 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute rupture or erosion of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is a major cause of adverse consequences of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, often leading to myocardial infarction or stroke. High uric acid (HUA) is associated with the increasing risk of cardiovascular events and death. However, the mechanism by which HUA promotes atherosclerosis and whether HUA affects plaque stability are still unclear. METHODS We constructed an atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mouse model with HUA. The progression of atherosclerosis and plaques was determined by Oil Red O staining, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Masson staining. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the changes of apoptosis and autophagy in plaques, respectively. Then, we validated the in vivo results with RAW 264.7 cell line. RESULTS HUA promoted atherosclerosis and exacerbated plaque vulnerability, including significantly increased macrophage infiltration, lipid accumulation, enlarged necrotic cores, and decreased collagen fibers. HUA increased cell apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in plaques. In vitro results showed that HUA decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in foam cells macrophages treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. An activator of autophagy, rapamycin, can partially reverse the increasing apoptosis. CONCLUSION HUA promoted atherosclerosis and exacerbated plaque vulnerability, and HUA facilitates foam cell apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaming Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Binyang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Health Evaluation Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
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Chrysant SG. Association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular diseases: current evidence. Hosp Pract (1995) 2023; 51:54-63. [PMID: 36730938 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2023.2173413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to present a historical and unified perspective on the association of serum uric acid (SUA) in the cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The association of hyperuricemia (HUC) with CVD begun to be appreciated in the middle 1950s and early 1990s when clinical evidence was shown on the association of HUC with CVD. However, this association was disputed by several investigators including the Framingham group and by professional societies, like the American Heart Association and the American Society of Hypertension. This dispute was weakened or reversed by later studies, which showed a positive association of HUC with CVD, CHD, HF, CKD, and stroke, mediated by several risk factors, both molecular such as, oxidative stress, inflammatory stress, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as clinical factors such as, atherosclerosis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The great majority of recent studies show a positive association of HUC with CVDs, and CKD. However, the cutoff of the damaging levels of SUA have not been established as yet. The European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Treatment Guidelines have proposed a cutoff level of SUA for CVD > 7 mg/dl for men and > 6 mg/dl for women. In contrast, the URRAH study has shown a SUA level of 4.7 mg/dl for all-cause mortality and 5.6 mg/dl for CV mortality. These levels are lower than the SUA levels proposed by the ESH, which are consistent with HUC. For a better understanding of this association, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2015 and 2022 and 44 pertinent papers were selected. These papers together with collateral literature will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Abdu FA, Galip J, Qi P, Zhang W, Mohammed AQ, Liu L, Yin G, Mohammed AA, Mareai RM, Jiang R, Xu Y, Che W. Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio and poor long-term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:11. [PMID: 36647062 PMCID: PMC9843969 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is a novel biomarker of true acute hyperglycemia condition and is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the effects of SHR in the setting of MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) have not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the association between SHR and long-term clinical outcomes among MINOCA patients. METHODS A total of 410 MINOCA patients were included in the final analysis of this study. The patients were divided into three groups based on the SHR tertiles: [SHR1 group (SHR ≤ 0.73), (n = 143); SHR2 group (SHR 0.73-0.84), n = 131; and SHR3 group (SHR ≥ 0.84), n = 136]. Follow-up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was conducted on all patients. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between SHR and MACE. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was applied to obtain the optimal cut-off value of SHR for predicting clinical MACE. RESULTS A total of 92 patients developed MACE during the mean 34 months of follow-up. A significant increase in MACE was observed in the SHR3 group compared to the SHR1 and SHR2 groups (35.3% vs. 15.4% and 16.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrate that SHR3 patients had the highest MACE risk compared to SHR1 and SHR2 patients (log-rank P < 0.001). In addition, when both SHR tertiles and diabetes status were considered, those with SHR3 and diabetes had the highest hazard of MACE (log-rank P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the SHR3 is associated with a 2.465-fold increase in the risk of MACE (adjusted HR, 2.465; 95% CI 1.461-4.159, P = 0.001). The ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal SHR cut-off value for predicting clinical MACE among MINOCA was 0.86. CONCLUSION Our data indicates, for the first time, that SHR is independently associated with poor long-term prognosis in patients suffering from MINOCA. The optimal SHR cut-off value for predicting clinical MACE among MINOCA patients was 0.86. These findings suggest that SHR may play a potential role in the cardiovascular risk stratification of the MINOCA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad A. Abdu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Jassur Galip
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Penglong Qi
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Wen Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Abdul-Quddus Mohammed
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Lu Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Ayman A. Mohammed
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Redhwan M. Mareai
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Rong Jiang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming branch, Shanghai, China.
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