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Wang A, Gupta A, Grimm MD, Pressburger DT, Sparrow BR, Richey JS, Shaw JR, Elsass KE, Roberts GK, Yao PL, Stout MD, Ellis BJ, Ray RL. Natural mineral fibers: conducting inhalation toxicology studies-part B: development of a nose-only exposure system for repeat-exposure in vivo study of Libby amphibole aerosol. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:214-229. [PMID: 37339372 PMCID: PMC11059106 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2220735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to asbestos is associated with malignant and nonmalignant respiratory disease. To strengthen the scientific basis for risk assessment on fibers, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has initiated a series of studies to address fundamental questions on the toxicology of naturally occurring asbestos and related mineral fibers after inhalation exposure. A prototype nose-only exposure system was previously developed and validated. The prototype system was expanded to a large-scale exposure system in this study for conducting subsequent in vivo rodent inhalation studies of Libby amphibole (LA) 2007, selected as a model fiber. RESULTS The exposure system consisting of six exposure carousels was able to independently deliver stable LA 2007 aerosol to individual carousels at target concentrations of 0 (control group), 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/m3. A single aerosol generator was used to provide aerosol to all carousels to ensure that exposure atmospheres were chemically and physically similar, with aerosol concentration as the only major variable among the carousels. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis of aerosol samples collected at the exposure ports indicated the fiber dimensions, chemical composition, and mineralogy were equivalent across exposure carousels and were comparable to the bulk LA 2007 material. CONCLUSION The exposure system developed is ready for use in conducting nose-only inhalation toxicity studies of LA 2007 in rats. The exposure system is anticipated to have applicability for the inhalation toxicity evaluation of other natural mineral fibers of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Georgia K. Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the U.S., RTP, NC, USA
| | - Pei-Li Yao
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the U.S., RTP, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D. Stout
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the U.S., RTP, NC, USA
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Wang A, Gupta A, Grimm MD, Pressburger DT, Sparrow BR, Richey JS, Shaw JR, Elsass KE, Roberts GK, Yao PL, Stout MD, Ellis BJ, Ray RL. Natural mineral fibers: conducting inhalation toxicology studies - part A: Libby Amphibole aerosol generation and characterization method development. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:201-213. [PMID: 37339371 PMCID: PMC11062073 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2220737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos has been classified as a human carcinogen, and exposure may increase the risk of diseases associated with impaired respiratory function. As the range of health effects and airborne concentrations that result in health effects across asbestos-related natural mineral fiber types are not fully understood, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences has established a series of research studies to characterize hazards of natural mineral fibers after inhalation exposure. This paper presents the method development work of this research project. RESULTS A prototype nose-only exposure system was fabricated to explore the feasibility of generating natural mineral fiber aerosol for in vivo inhalation toxicity studies. The prototype system consisted of a slide bar aerosol generator, a distribution/delivery system and an exposure carousel. Characterization tests conducted using Libby Amphibole 2007 (LA 2007) demonstrated the prototype system delivered stable and controllable aerosol concentration to the exposure carousel. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of aerosol samples collected at the exposure port showed the average fiber length and width were comparable to the bulk LA 2007. TEM coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis further confirmed fibers from the aerosol samples were consistent with the bulk LA 2007 chemically and physically. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the prototype system demonstrated feasibility of generating LA 2007 fiber aerosols appropriate for in vivo inhalation toxicity studies. The methods developed in this study are suitable to apply to a multiple-carousel exposure system for a rat inhalation toxicity testing using LA 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Georgia K. Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the U.S., RTP, NC, USA
| | - Pei-Li Yao
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the U.S., RTP, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D. Stout
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the U.S., RTP, NC, USA
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Di Giuseppe D, Scognamiglio V, Malferrari D, Nodari L, Pasquali L, Lassinantti Gualtieri M, Scarfì S, Mirata S, Tessari U, Hanuskova M, Gualtieri AF. Characterization of Fibrous Wollastonite NYAD G in View of Its Use as Negative Standard for In Vitro Toxicity Tests. MINERALS 2021; 11:1378. [DOI: 10.3390/min11121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Today, despite considerable efforts undertaken by the scientific community, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of mineral fibres remain poorly understood. A crucial role in disclosing the mechanisms of action of mineral fibres is played by in vitro and in vivo models. Such models require experimental design based on negative and positive controls. Commonly used positive controls are amosite and crocidolite UICC standards, while negative controls have not been identified so far. The extensive characterisation and assessment of toxicity/pathogenicity potential carried out in this work indicate that the commercial fibrous wollastonite NYAD G may be considered as a negative standard control for biological and biomedical tests involving mineral fibres. Preliminary in vitro tests suggest that wollastonite NYAD G is not genotoxic. This material is nearly pure and is characterized by very long (46.6 µm), thick (3.74 µm) and non-biodurable fibres with a low content of metals. According to the fibre potential toxicity index (FPTI) model, wollastonite NYAD G is an inert mineral fibre that is expected to exert a low biological response during in vitro/in vivo testing.
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Okada F, Izutsu R, Goto K, Osaki M. Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Lessons from Animal Models to Clinical Aspects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040921. [PMID: 33671768 PMCID: PMC7926701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In multicellular organisms, inflammation is the body’s most primitive and essential protective response against any external agent. Inflammation, however, not only causes various modern diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, infectious diseases, and cancer but also shortens the healthy life expectancy. This review focuses on the onset of carcinogenesis due to chronic inflammation caused by pathogen infections and inhalation/ingestion of foreign substances. This study summarizes animal models associated with inflammation-related carcinogenesis by organ. By determining factors common to inflammatory carcinogenesis models, we examined strategies for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory carcinogenesis in humans. Abstract Inflammation-related carcinogenesis has long been known as one of the carcinogenesis patterns in humans. Common carcinogenic factors are inflammation caused by infection with pathogens or the uptake of foreign substances from the environment into the body. Inflammation-related carcinogenesis as a cause for cancer-related death worldwide accounts for approximately 20%, and the incidence varies widely by continent, country, and even region of the country and can be affected by economic status or development. Many novel approaches are currently available concerning the development of animal models to elucidate inflammation-related carcinogenesis. By learning from the oldest to the latest animal models for each organ, we sought to uncover the essential common causes of inflammation-related carcinogenesis. This review confirmed that a common etiology of organ-specific animal models that mimic human inflammation-related carcinogenesis is prolonged exudation of inflammatory cells. Genotoxicity or epigenetic modifications by inflammatory cells resulted in gene mutations or altered gene expression, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines/growth factors released from inflammatory cells promote cell proliferation and repair tissue injury, and inflammation serves as a “carcinogenic niche”, because these fundamental biological events are common to all types of carcinogenesis, not just inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Since clinical strategies are needed to prevent carcinogenesis, we propose the therapeutic apheresis of inflammatory cells as a means of eliminating fundamental cause of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Okada
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-859-38-6241
| | - Runa Izutsu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Christofidou-Solomidou M, Pietrofesa RA, Park K, Albelda SM, Serve KM, Keil DE, Pfau JC. Synthetic secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (LGM2605) inhibits Libby amphibole fiber-induced acute inflammation in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 375:81-93. [PMID: 31022494 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the Libby amphibole (LA) asbestos-like fibers found in Libby, Montana, is associated with inflammatory responses in mice and humans, and an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, asbestosis, pleural disease, and systemic autoimmune disease. Flaxseed-derived secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant properties. We have previously identified potent protective properties of SDG against crocidolite asbestos exposure modeled in mice. The current studies aimed to extend those findings by evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of synthetic SDG (LGM2605) on LA-exposed mice. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice were given LGM2605 via gavage initiated 3 days prior to and continued for 3 days after a single intraperitoneal dose of LA fibers (200 μg) and evaluated on day 3 for inflammatory cell influx in the peritoneal cavity using flow cytometry. RESULTS LA exposure induced a significant increase (p < 0.0001) in spleen weight and peritoneal influx of white blood cells, all of which were reduced with LGM2605 with similar trends among males and females. Levels of peritoneal PMN cells were significantly (p < 0.0001) elevated post LA exposure, and were significantly (p < 0.0001) blunted by LGM2605. Importantly, LGM2605 significantly ameliorated the LA-induced mobilization of peritoneal B1a B cells. CONCLUSIONS LGM2605 reduced LA-induced acute inflammation and WBC trafficking supporting its possible use in mitigating downstream LA fiber-associated diseases. SUMMARY Following acute exposure to Libby amphibole (LA) asbestos-like fibers, synthetic SDG (LGM2605), a small synthetic molecule, significantly reduced the LA-induced increase in spleen weight and peritoneal inflammation in C57BL/6 male and female mice. Our findings highlight that LGM2605 has immunomodulatory properties and may, thus, likely be a chemopreventive agent for LA-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Office Suite 227, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Office Suite 227, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Kyewon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Office Suite 227, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall, Office Suite 227, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Kinta M Serve
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences 207, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, United States of America.
| | - Deborah E Keil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Health Sciences Building Rm 133, PO Box 173610, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America.
| | - Jean C Pfau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Health Sciences Building Rm 133, PO Box 173610, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America.
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Yanamala N, Kisin ER, Gutkin DW, Shurin MR, Harper M, Shvedova AA. Characterization of pulmonary responses in mice to asbestos/asbestiform fibers using gene expression profiles. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:60-79. [PMID: 29279043 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1408201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans exposed to asbestos and/or asbestiform fibers are at high risk of developing many lung diseases including asbestosis, lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma. However, the disease-causing potential and specific metabolic mechanisms and pathways associated with various asbestos/asbestiform fiber exposures triggering different carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic outcomes are still largely unknown. The aim of this this study was to investigate gene expression profiles and inflammatory responses to different asbestos/asbestiform fibers at the acute/sub-acute phase that may be related to delayed pathological outcomes observed at later time points. Mice were exposed to asbestos (crocidolite, tremolite asbestos), asbestiform fibers (erionite), and a low pathogenicity mineral fiber (wollastonite) using oropharyngeal aspiration. Similarities in inflammatory and tissue damage responses, albeit with quantitative differences, were observed at day 1 and 7 post treatment. Exposure to different fibers induced significant changes in regulation and release of a number of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Comparative analysis of changes in gene regulation in the lung on day 7 post exposure were interpretable in the context of differential biological responses that were consistent with histopathological findings at days 7 and 56 post treatment. Our results noted differences in the magnitudes of pulmonary responses and gene regulation consistent with pathological alterations induced by exposures to four asbestos/asbestiform fibers examined. Further comparative mechanistic studies linking early responses with the long-term endpoints may be instrumental to understanding triggering mechanisms underlying pulmonary carcinogenesis, that is lung cancer versus mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena R Kisin
- a Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Dmitriy W Gutkin
- b Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- b Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Martin Harper
- a Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown , WV , USA
- c Zefon International, Inc. , Ocala , FL , USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- a Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown , WV , USA
- d Department Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience , School of Medicine, West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Pfau JC, Buck B, Metcalf RV, Kaupish Z, Stair C, Rodriguez M, Keil DE. Comparative health effects in mice of Libby amphibole asbestos and a fibrous amphibole from Arizona. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 334:24-34. [PMID: 28870655 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This project developed from studies demonstrating that Libby Amphibole Asbestos (LAA) causes a non-typical set of health outcomes not generally reported for asbestos, including systemic autoimmunity and an unusual and devastating lamellar pleural thickening that progresses to severe pulmonary dysfunction and death. Further, mineral fiber mixtures with some similarities to LAA have recently been discovered in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona, where the material exists in extensive recreational areas and is present in yards, roads, parking lots and school yards. The objective was to compare the health outcomes in mice exposed to either LAA or the fibrous amphiboles collected in Arizona at the Lake Mead National Recreational Area at very low doses to represent environmental exposures. In this study, the fibrous amphibole asbestos sample from Arizona (AzA) is composed of winchite (69%), actinolite (22%), and non-amphibole minerals (9%) and has a mean aspect ratio of 16.7±0.9. Fibrous amphibole asbestos from Libby (LAA) is composed of winchite (70%), richterite (9%), tremolite (5%), and non-amphibole minerals (16%) with a mean aspect ratio of 8.4±0.7. C57BL/6 mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to fiber suspensions at a very low dose of 3μg/mouse. After seven months, both LAA- and AzA-exposed mice had indices of chronic immune dysfunction related to a TH17 cytokine profile, with B cell activation, autoantibody production and proteinuria, suggesting kidney involvement. In addition, both exposures led to significant lung and pleural fibrosis. These data suggest that there is risk of pulmonary disease and autoimmune outcomes with environmental exposure to amphibole asbestos, and that this is not limited to Libby, Montana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Pfau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Brenda Buck
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Rodney V Metcalf
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | - Zoie Kaupish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Caleb Stair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Deborah E Keil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Rahman L, Wu D, Johnston M, William A, Halappanavar S. Toxicogenomics analysis of mouse lung responses following exposure to titanium dioxide nanomaterials reveal their disease potential at high doses. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:59-76. [PMID: 27760801 PMCID: PMC5180171 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) induce lung inflammation in experimental animals. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive toxicogenomic analysis of lung responses in mice exposed to six individual TiO2NPs exhibiting different sizes (8, 20 and 300nm), crystalline structure (anatase, rutile or anatase/rutile) and surface modifications (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) to investigate whether the mechanisms leading to TiO2NP-induced lung inflammation are property specific. A detailed histopathological analysis was conducted to investigate the long-term disease implications of acute exposure to TiO2NPs. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 18, 54, 162 or 486 µg of TiO2NPs/mouse via single intratracheal instillation. Controls were exposed to dispersion medium only. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were sampled on 1, 28 and 90 days post-exposure. Although all TiO2NPs induced lung inflammation as measured by the neutrophil influx in BALF, rutile-type TiO2NPs induced higher inflammation with the hydrophilic rutile TiO2NP showing the maximum increase. Accordingly, the rutile TiO2NPs induced higher number of differentially expressed genes. Histopathological analysis of lung sections on Day 90 post-exposure showed increased collagen staining and fibrosis-like changes following exposure to the rutile TiO2NPs at the highest dose tested. Among the anatase, the smallest TiO2NP of 8nm showed the maximum response. The anatase TiO2NP of 300nm was the least responsive of all. The results suggest that the severity of lung inflammation is property specific; however, the underlying mechanisms (genes and pathways perturbed) leading to inflammation were the same for all particle types. While the particle size clearly influenced the overall acute lung responses, a combination of small size, crystalline structure and hydrophilic surface contributed to the long-term pathological effects observed at the highest dose (486 µg/mouse). Although the dose at which the pathological changes were observed is considered physiologically high, the study highlights the disease potential of certain TiO2NPs of specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Rahman
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Michael Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew William
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture Bldg. 8, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada and
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