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Wong C, Bjerge CY, Jurca A, Petersen MM, Boedtker S, Balslev-Clausen A, Harsted S. Protocol Article: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Children's Feet and Lower Extremities. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:115. [PMID: 38133135 PMCID: PMC10745981 DOI: 10.3390/mps6060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of children's lower extremities and feet is a focus area for caregivers and healthcare professionals such as doctors, school nurses, and podiatrists. Our study aims to investigate the general health status of Danish children's lower extremities and feet to identify anthropometric parameters that might be preconditions for pain and evaluate for foot diseases and whether they are associated with pain intensity and location, three-dimensional foot dimensions and foot pressure mapping, shoe dimensions, types and intensity of sports activity, quality of life, and foot health. The aim is that we will be able to identify parameters pre-dispositioning for pain, thus providing recommendations for sports activities in relation to the anthropometric conditions of a child as a potential preventive measure for pain. This analysis will be stratified by socioeconomic status on a group level, and this perspective will be able to provide preventative recommendations to prevent pain. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional examination of a thousand children in the first, fifth, and ninth grades in randomized selected Danish primary schools. We will perform a clinical examination of the lower extremities and feet for misalignments, deformities, and diseases as well as rotational status and range of motion. Moreover, we will evaluate their pain levels, sports activities, three-dimensional foot dimensions, plantar pressure, footwear, and patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) for foot health and quality of life. RESULTS We aim to provide an anthropometrical overview of the lower extremities and feet in children. The obtained basic understanding of healthy normal material in children will be analyzed for its relationships with pain level, sports activities, and socioeconomic status on a group level. This could potentially provide us with an understanding of the factors that impact lower extremity and foot diseases in children. In conclusion, examining children's lower extremities and feet in Danish primary schools is a step toward identifying areas of improvement in self-care and shoe fitting, mapping podiatry-related needs of care in children's feet, and providing parental recommendations for preventive actions on shoe fitting and the choice and intensity of sports activity concerning pain. CONCLUSIONS The tenet of this study is a long-term follow-up to evaluate the long-term socioeconomic course on a group level, foot status, and sports activity, using patient-related outcome measures evaluating quality of life and other lifestyle factors such as emotional functioning, social functioning and interaction, and school functioning. Potentially, this will improve children's quality of life and prevent future diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (A.B.-C.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | | | - Ales Jurca
- Volumental AB, 118 72 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Mørk Petersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Soren Boedtker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (A.B.-C.)
| | - Andreas Balslev-Clausen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark (A.B.-C.)
| | - Steen Harsted
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Medical Research Unit, Spine Center of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark
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McDonald-Wedding L, Goodwin L, Preston A, McKay G, Williams C. Calisthenics: Epidemiology of Injury Patterns and Their Risk Factors. Open Access J Sports Med 2023; 14:47-57. [PMID: 37252647 PMCID: PMC10225133 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s394044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To quantify the prevalence and nature of injuries and their risk factors in calisthenics to, therefore, inform the practitioner what to expect from these athletes. Methods This study was an online cross-sectional survey of calisthenics athletes. Data were collected online and the survey was distributed via social media over six months in 2020. The purpose-built survey consisted of demographic, training and loading questions. Participants were provided with an injury definition and reported their total number of injuries sustained during calisthenics including detailed information on three most significant injuries, along with mechanism of injury and risk factors. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine objective factors associated with the number of injuries. Results There were 543 participants describing 1104 injuries. Mean (standard deviation (SD)) injury prevalence was 4.5 (3.3) per person. Of these injuries, 820 (74.3%) required training modification or treatment. Participants missed a mean (SD) 3.4 (5.1) weeks of training and engaged in a mean (SD) 10.9 (9.1) health professional consultations. The most common injuries were upper leg (24.5%), ankle/foot (22.8%) and lumbar spine (19.3%), with the majority being sprains/strains in nature (56.3%). Mechanism of injury included elevated work (27.6%), overuse (38.0%) and specific calisthenics skills (38.9%) - such as lumbar (40.6%) and lower limb (40.3%) extension-based movements. Subjective risk factors included load (66.8%), preparation (55.9%) and environmental factors (21.0%). Objective risk factors associated with higher numbers of injuries included increased years of participation, left leg dominance, increased training hours (regardless of training type) and state team participation (p<0.05). Conclusion Practitioners need to be aware that calisthenics athletes demonstrate a high proportion of strain/sprain injuries involving the lower limb and lumbar spine with causative movements being extension-based. Addressing risk factors such as loading, preparation, asymmetry, and the environment related to these movements are important for the treating practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Goodwin
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Annabel Preston
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - Gaylene McKay
- Alphington Sports Medicine Exercise and Rehabilitation, Alphington, VIC, 3078, Australia
| | - Cylie Williams
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
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Farooqi A, Talwar D, Tata R, Harwood K, Maguire K. Comparison of pediatric performance athlete injuries presenting to emergency departments. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:64-72. [PMID: 34696657 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1996863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric injuries in performance sports represent a significant healthcare burden and account for over 50,000 annual Emergency Department (ED) visits in the United States. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare pediatric injury presentation across the most common performance sports. METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was retrospectively analyzed for pediatric injuries (3-18 years) related to gymnastics, dance, or cheerleading from 2015-2019. Cases were categorized as children (˂11 years) or adolescent (≥11 years). Injuries were categorized as orthopedic (fractures, dislocations, sprain, strains), non-orthopedic (contusion, internal injury, laceration), concussion, or other/unknown. Case narratives were used to categorize mechanism of injury as contact or non-contact. Appropriate sample NEISS weights estimation was applied for statistical analysis and Confidence Intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 393,110 injuries were observed over the five-year study period, with a mean of 78,622 annual injuries. Gymnastics, dance, and cheerleading accounted for 136,422 injuries, 96,416 injuries, and 160,272 injuries, respectively. Most cases were adolescent (71%; 95% CI: 68-74%) and occurred in a sports-related setting (65%, 95% CI: 57-72%). Gymnastics had the highest proportion of injuries among children (50%) as compared to dancers (25%) or cheerleaders (12%) (p < 0.01). Non-contact injuries most affected the lower extremity (43-68%) and resulted in an orthopedic diagnosis (63-71%), and contact injuries had a higher proportion of injuries affecting the head, neck, and face (29-51%) and non-orthopedic diagnoses (29-38%). Gymnastics had the most upper extremity non-contact injuries (42%) and dance the most lower extremity non-contact injuries (68%) (p < 0.01). Cheerleading had the highest incidence of overall concussions (8%), contact injuries (47%), and concussions due to contact injury (15%). CONCLUSION Pediatric gymnasts, cheerleaders, and dancers have important similarities and differences in injury pattern which may lead to the development of sport-specific injury prevention programs for pediatric performance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farooqi
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Divya Talwar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravi Tata
- Drexel School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Unites States
| | - Kathleen Harwood
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen Maguire
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Nagy P, Brogden C, Orr G, Greig M. Within- and between-day loading response to ballet choreography. Res Sports Med 2021; 30:616-627. [PMID: 34085896 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1929223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overuse pathologies are prevalent in ballet injury. Ten amateur ballet dancers (age: 23.20 ± 3.08 years) completed a progressive 5-stage choreographed routine on two consecutive days. Tri-axial accelerometers positioned at C7 and the dominant and non-dominant lower-limb were used to calculate accumulated PlayerLoadTM (PLTOTAL) and uni-axial contributions of the anterior-posterior (PLAP), medial-lateral (PLML), and vertical (PLV) planes. PLTOTAL increased significantly (p = 0.001) as a function of exercise duration within-trial, however there was no significant change between trials (p = 0.18). PLTOTAL at C7 was significantly (p = 0.001) lower than both lower-limbs, with no bilateral asymmetry evident (p = 0.97). Planar contributions to PLTOTAL were significantly greater in PLV than PLAP and PLML (p = 0.001). PlayerLoadTM demonstrated within-trial sensitivity to the progressive routine, however no residual fatigue effect was observed between trials. The results of this study suggest that accelerometers have efficacy in athlete monitoring and injury screening protocols, however unit placement should be considered for practical interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Nagy
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Chris Brogden
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Gabrielle Orr
- Department of Creative Arts, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Matt Greig
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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Heidner GS, Nascimento RB, Aires AG, Baptista RR. Barefoot walking changed relative timing during the support phase but not ground reaction forces in children when compared to different footwear conditions. Gait Posture 2021; 83:287-293. [PMID: 33232866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of available biomechanical kinetic data comparing shod and barefoot conditions in children. RESEARCH QUESTION Do children wearing footwear have comparable gait velocity, ground reaction forces (GRF), spatiotemporal parameters, propulsive and braking impulses when compared to children walking barefoot? METHODS Seventy-five children were divided into four groups: Group 1 females aged 4-9 years old (n = 29). Group 2 females aged 3-5 years old (n = 16). Group 3 males aged 6-9 years old (n = 13). Group 4 males aged 4-8 years old (n = 17). Children walked at a self-selected pace over a walkway of force platforms. Each footwear and barefoot represented a separate condition. The order of conditions was randomized. A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of the footwear type on gait parameters in each group. Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni corrections were conducted when appropriate. RESULTS There were no statistical differences in velocity or in vertical and anteroposterior GRF across conditions for all groups. There was a significant effect of the footwear worn on time to loading response peak (p = 0.008), time to midstance force (p = 0.006), and time to propulsive peak (p < 0.001). For Group 3, there was a significant effect of the footwear worn on time to braking peak (p < 0.001) and time to propulsive peak (p < 0.001). Regarding impulses for Group 1, there was a significant effect of the footwear worn on the loading response impulse (p = 0.016) and terminal stance and pre-swing impulse (p = 0.001). For Group 4, there was a significant effect of the footwear worn on the loading response impulse (p = 0.028). SIGNIFICANCE There is no influence of the evaluated children's footwear on gait velocity or GRF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreia Gomes Aires
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
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Anderson DS, Cathcart J, Wilson I, Hides J, Leung F, Kerr D. Lower limb MSK injuries among school-aged rugby and football players: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000806. [PMID: 33178442 PMCID: PMC7642221 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this systematic review was to explore the incidence of lower limb musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries sustained by rugby union, rugby league, soccer, Australian Rules and Gaelic football players under 18 years. The review sought to identify the mechanisms and types of injury sustained and to compare between sports. Design This systematic review focused on the incidence of lower limb injury in adolescent team sports that involved running and kicking a ball. A literature search of studies published prior to January 2020 was conducted using SportDiscus, Medline and PubMed databases. The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of each article included in the review. Two or more authors independently reviewed all papers. Results Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria; prospective cohort (N=14), retrospective (n=1) and longitudinal (n=1). These studies investigated injuries in rugby union and rugby league (n=10), football (soccer) (n=3), Australian Rules (n=2) and Gaelic football (n=1). There were a total of 55 882 participants, aged 7–19 years old, who reported 6525 injuries. The type, site and mechanisms of injury differed across sports. Summary Lower limb injuries were common in adolescent rugby, soccer, Gaelic football and Australian Rules football players, however these studies may not fully reflect the true injury burden where recurrent and overuse injuries have not been considered. There were differences between sports in the mechanisms, types and severity of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Cathcart
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University - Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Iseult Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Julie Hides
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Felix Leung
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Daniel Kerr
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University - Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, UK
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Valasek AE, Young JA, Huang L, Singichetti B, Yang J. Age and Sex Differences in Overuse Injuries Presenting to Pediatric Sports Medicine Clinics. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2019; 58:770-777. [PMID: 30897956 DOI: 10.1177/0009922819837360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric overuse injuries present with a gradual mechanism of onset and an underlying pathogenesis of microtrauma. We evaluated the clinical presentation of pediatric sports injuries to determine if differences exist between age and sex. A retrospective chart review was performed over a 6-year period; 6593 overuse injuries were included with the mean age of 13.4 years. Males presented with a greater proportion of apophysis, physis, and articular cartilage injuries ( P < .01). Females presented with greater bone, tendon, and "other" injuries ( P < .01). Children <9 years of age demonstrated apophysis and physis injuries. Conversely, children older than 15 years of age presented with tendon, bone, bursa, and other ( P < .01) overuse injuries. A significant number of pediatric athletes in this cohort reported playing through pain prior to clinical evaluation. Injury prevention programs need to educate children, and a red flag should be raised when pediatric athletes are participating with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elizabeth Valasek
- 1 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Lihong Huang
- 1 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bhavna Singichetti
- 1 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- 1 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Ageberg E, Bunke S, Lucander K, Nilsen P, Donaldson A. Facilitators to support the implementation of injury prevention training in youth handball: A concept mapping approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:275-285. [PMID: 30339309 PMCID: PMC7380009 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for research to identify effective implementation strategies for injury prevention training within real-world community sports. The aim of this ecological participatory study was to identify facilitators, among stakeholders at multiple levels, that could help injury prevention training become part of regular training routines in youth team handball. Concept mapping, a mixed-method approach for qualitative data collection and quantitative data analysis, was used. Stakeholders (n = 196) of two community team handball clubs (29% players, 13% coaches, 38% caregivers, 11% club, district and national handball administrators, 9% unknown) participated in a brainstorming process. After the research team synthesized the 235 generated statements, 50 stakeholders (34% players, 22% coaches, 24% caregivers, 20% administrators) sorted 89 unique facilitator statements into clusters and rated them for importance and feasibility. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis yielded five clusters (stress value 0.231): "Understanding and applying knowledge," "Education, knowledge, and consistency," "Set-up and exercises," "Inspiration, motivation, and routines," and "Club policy and expert collaboration." The cluster "Understanding and applying knowledge" had the highest mean importance (3.17 out of 4) and feasibility (2.93) ratings. The 32 statements rated as both highly important and feasible (Go-zone) indicate action is required at the individual (end-users) and organizational (policymakers) levels to implement injury prevention training. Results suggest that developing evidence-based context-specific injury prevention training, incorporating physiological, biomechanical and psychological components, and an associated context-specific implementation plan in partnership with all stakeholders should be a high priority to facilitate the implementation of injury prevention training in youth team handball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bunke
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Lucander
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Division of Health and Medical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact (CSSI), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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Effects of Two Fatigue Protocols on Impact Forces and Lower Extremity Kinematics during Drop Landings: Implications for Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:5690519. [PMID: 29065622 PMCID: PMC5529654 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5690519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of fatigue on the impact forces and sagittal plane kinematics of the lower extremities in a drop landing task. 15 male collegiate athletes were recruited. Five successful trials of a drop landing task were obtained during prefatigue and postfatigue in two fatigue protocols (constant speed running fatigue protocol [R-FP] and shuttle running + vertical jumping fatigue protocol [SV-FP]). Duration time, maximal heart rate, and RPE of each protocol were measured separately. Kinematic measures of the hip, knee, and ankle joints at different times coupled with peak impact force and loading rate were acquired. Our results showed a more flexed landing posture due to an increase in hip and knee flexion angles in the postfatigue condition. However, no differences in peak impact force and loading rate were found between pre- and postfatigue conditions. The changes were similar between protocols, but the SV-FP showed a significantly shorter exercise duration time than the R-FP. Fatigued athletes in this study demonstrated altered motor control strategies during a drop landing task, which may be an intentional or unintentional protective strategy for preventing themselves from potential ACL injury.
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Chéron C, Le Scanff C, Leboeuf-Yde C. Association between sports type and overuse injuries of extremities in adults: a systematic review. Chiropr Man Therap 2017; 25:4. [PMID: 28101329 PMCID: PMC5237127 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-017-0135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sports injuries are often described as overuse or traumatic. Little is known about the frequency of overuse injuries and, in particular, if they vary between different types of sporting activities. Purpose To identify any differences between sports in relation to diagnoses of overuse injuries of the extremities (OIE) and anatomical areas most likely to be injured in adults and to compare these findings with those reported in youngsters, as identified in a previous review. Methods A search was made in May 2015 and again in April 2016 in PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, and Web of Sciences. Search terms were « overuse injuries OR cumulative trauma disorders OR musculoskeletal injuries » AND « extremity OR limb » AND « physical activity OR sport OR risk factor OR exercises ». Inclusion criteria were: 1) prospective, or cross-sectional study design; 2) at least 1/3 of the population should be ≥ 19 years; 3) articles must clearly state if reported cases were classified as traumatic or overuse injuries in relation to a particular sports type, 4) sample size >50, and 5) articles must not deal with specific occupational subpopulations nor with clinical populations. A blinded systematic review was conducted and results reported per anatomical site of injury and diagnosis for the different sports. Results In all, 10 of 1435 identified articles were included, studying soccer, beach-volleyball and triathlon. In general, the incidence estimates were low, never above 2.0/1000 h of practice, similar to results seen in children/adolescents. The incidence estimates and the diagnoses of OIE were given only in 4 articles on soccer, making comparisons between sports impossible. As in children/adolescents, the lower limb is more often affected than the upper but contrary to young people the injured site in adults is more often the knee and above, and there were also differences in the diagnoses for the two age groups. Conclusion The literature does not permit to identify clearly the difference in the incidence of OIE for different sports showing that more but well-designed surveillance studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Chéron
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex France ; CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France ; Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, 72 Chemin de la Flambère, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Le Scanff
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex France ; CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex France ; CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France ; Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, 72 Chemin de la Flambère, F-31300 Toulouse, France
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Chéron C, Leboeuf-Yde C, Le Scanff C, Jespersen E, Rexen CT, Franz C, Wedderkopp N. Leisure-time sport and overuse injuries of extremities in children age 6-13, a 2.5 years prospective cohort study: the CHAMPS-study DK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e012606. [PMID: 28087543 PMCID: PMC5253601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is not known which sports are most likely to cause overuse injuries of the extremities in children. In this study, we report on the incidence of overuse injuries of the upper and lower extremities in children who participate in various leisure-time sports and relate this to the frequency of sport sessions. DESIGN Natural experiment including a prospective cohort study. SETTING 10 state schools in 1 Danish municipality: Svendborg. PARTICIPANTS 1270 children aged 6-13 years participating in the Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School Study Denmark. OUTCOMES MEASURES Over 2.5 years, parents answered weekly SMS-track messages (a) on type and frequency of leisure-time sports undertaken by their child, and (b) reporting if their child had experienced any musculoskeletal pain. Children with reported pain were examined by a clinician and diagnosed as having an overuse injury of an extremity or not. The incidence of diagnosed overuse injury was calculated for each of the 9 most common sports in relation to 5-week periods. Incidence by frequency of sessions was calculated, and multivariable analysis was performed taking into account age, sex and frequency of physical education classes at school. RESULTS Incidence of overuse injuries of the lower extremity ranged from 0.2 to 3.3 for the 9 sports, but was near 0 for overuse injuries of the upper extremities. There was no obvious dose-response. The multivariate analysis showed soccer and handball to be the sports most likely to result in an overuse injury. CONCLUSIONS Among a general population of schoolchildren, overuse injuries of the lower extremities were not common and overuse injuries of the upper extremities were rare. Organised leisure-time sport, as practised in Denmark, can be considered a safe activity for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Chéron
- Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, 72 Chemin de la Flambère, Toulouse, France
- CIAMS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde
- Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, 72 Chemin de la Flambère, Toulouse, France
- CIAMS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France
- Spine Center of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Jespersen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Trifonov Rexen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claudia Franz
- Spine Center of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Orthopaedic Department, Sport Medicine Clinic, Hospital of Lillebaelt—Middelfart, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Middelfart, Denmark
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