Immediate impact of extremity manipulation on dual task performance: a randomized, crossover clinical trial

Sample entropy based prescribed performance control for tailless aircraft

This paper proposes a sample entropy (SampEn) based prescribed performance controller (SPPC) for the longitudinal control of a supersonic tailless aircraft subject to model uncertainty and nonlinearity. Considering that SampEn can evaluate the system's stability, a SampEn-based feedback adjust system (SFAS) is developed in this paper. With the help of SFAS, the SPPC could identify the dangerous chattering in the status signal that may lead the aircraft to lose control and make appropriate adjustments to feedback. Besides, the SPPC does not require any accurate model information and only needs to know the rough trend of dynamic functions. Although no adaptive or robust control mechanisms are introduced, the SPPC shows robustness against model uncertainty utilizing the nonlinear error feedback. Compared with traditional prescribed performance control (TPPC), the SPPC achieves better performance and safer flight. The whole control structure is developed through the backstepping technique, and the closed-loop stability is proved. At last, the advance of SPPC is verified via simulation using a high-fidelity tailless aircraft model, and the inner mechanisms of SPPC are further discussed.

Immediate effect of lower extremity joint manipulation on a lower extremity somatosensory illusion: a randomized, controlled crossover clinical pilot study

Objective: This study explored the influence of lower extremity manipulation on the postural after-effects of standing on an inclined surface.

Methods: Eight healthy individuals (28.0 ± 4.1 years) were recruited for this open-label, crossover study. Participants stood on an incline board for 3 min to develop a known form of somatosensory illusion. After randomization to either a lower-extremity joint manipulation or no intervention, participants immediately stood on a force plate for 3 min with eyes closed. After a 24-h washout period, participants completed the remaining condition. Center of pressure (CoP) position data was measured by a force plate and evaluated using statistical parametric mapping. Pathlength, mean velocity, and RMS were calculated for significant time periods and compared with corrected paired t-tests.

Results: Parametric maps revealed that CoP position of control and intervention conditions differed significantly for two time periods (70–86 s—control: 0.17 ± 1.86 cm/intervention: −1.36 ± 1.54 cm; 141–177 s—control: −0.35 ± 1.61 cm/intervention: −1.93 ± 1.48 cm). CoP pathlength was also significantly decreased for the second period (control: 6.11 ± 4.81 cm/intervention: 3.62 ± 1.92 cm).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that extremity manipulation may be a useful intervention for populations where CoP stability is an issue. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence that manipulation of the extremities can drive global postural changes, as well as influence standing behavior. Further, it suggests these global changes may be driven by alterations in central integration.

Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT Number: NCT05226715.

A systematic review of chiropractic care for fall prevention: rationale, state of the evidence, and recommendations for future research

BACKGROUND

Falls in older adults are a significant and growing public health concern. There are multiple risk factors associated with falls that may be addressed within the scope of chiropractic training and licensure. Few attempts have been made to summarize existing evidence on multimodal chiropractic care and fall risk mitigation. Therefore, the broad purpose of this review was to summarize this research to date. BODY: Systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Index of Chiropractic Literature. Eligible study designs included randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective non-randomized controlled, observational, and cross-over studies in which multimodal chiropractic care was the primary intervention and changes in gait, balance and/or falls were outcomes. Risk of bias was also assessed using the 8-item Cochrane Collaboration Tool. The original search yielded 889 articles; 21 met final eligibility including 10 RCTs. One study directly measured the frequency of falls (underpowered secondary outcome) while most studies assessed short-term measurements of gait and balance. The overall methodological quality of identified studies and findings were mixed, limiting interpretation regarding the potential impact of chiropractic care on fall risk to qualitative synthesis.

CONCLUSION

Little high-quality research has been published to inform how multimodal chiropractic care can best address and positively influence fall prevention. We propose strategies for building an evidence base to inform the role of multimodal chiropractic care in fall prevention and outline recommendations for future research to fill current evidence gaps.

Research Progress and Application of Bioorthogonal Reactions in Biomolecular Analysis and Disease Diagnosis

Bioorthogonal reactions are rapid, specific and high yield reactions that can be performed in in vivo microenvironments or simulated microenvironments. At present, the main biorthogonal reactions include Staudinger ligation, copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reaction, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalyzed coupling reaction and photo-induced biorthogonal reactions. To date, many reviews have reported that bioorthogonal reactions have been used widely as a powerful tool in the field of life sciences, such as in target recognition, drug discovery, drug activation, omics research, visualization of life processes or exogenous bacterial infection processes, signal transduction pathway research, chemical reaction dynamics analysis, disease diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, to date, few studies have investigated the application of bioorthogonal reactions in the analysis of biomacromolecules in vivo. Therefore, the application of bioorthogonal reactions in the analysis of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, enzyme activities and other endogenous molecules, and the determination of disease-related targets is reviewed. In addition, this review discusses the future development opportunities and challenges of biorthogonal reactions. This review presents an overview of recent advances for application in biomolecular analysis and disease diagnosis, with a focus on proteins, metabolites and RNA detection.