Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene -308G > A polymorphism alters the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Han Chinese population

Comparison of Clinical Manifestations and Related Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Chronic Hepatitis B

Background

The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), analyse the risk factors associated with HBV-associated HCC, and to provide some references to the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Methods

This study retrospectively enrolled 730 patients, including 390 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as controls, and 340 patients with CHB complicated with HCC as patients. Relevant information and medical records of these participants were collected, including age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), cirrhosis, occupation, ascites, HBV-DNA load, the qualitative analysis of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb serological markers, and levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), TNM stage, tumor size and tumor number. The T test, Chi-square test, non-parametric rank-sum test, logistic regression analyses were used to explore the influencing factors and their degree of association with HCC in patients with HBV.

Results

The proportion of smoking, alcoholism, married status, DM, hypertension, and the rate of HBV-DNA with a viral load of ≥500 copies/mL were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the controls (all p<0.05). Cirrhosis was more common among patients with CHB+HCC than in controls (p=0.013). The proportion of patients with HBsAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb positive was greater in CHB+HCC group than that in CHB group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥60 years (OR: 1.835, 95% CI: 1.020-3.302, p=0.043), HBeAb positive (OR: 9.105, 95% CI: 4.796-17.288, p<0.001), antiviral treatment with entecavir (OR: 2.209, 95% CI: 1.106-4.409, p=0.025), and GGT (OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.001-1.007, p=0.002) were risk factors for HCC in patients with CHB.

Conclusion

Advanced age, HBeAb positive, antiviral treatment with entecavir, and GGT were independent risk factors for HCC in HBV patients.

The Potential Role of TNF-α (rs361525 and rs1800629) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multivariate Analysis (Meta-Analysis)

PURPOSE

Tumor necrosis factor-α has been suggested to play a crucial role in the development andprogression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous reports have indicated that rs361525 and rs1800629 might be risk factors for various cancers. Increasing studies have been conducted on the association of these two SNPs with HCC risk but the results remain inconclusive.

METHODS

In order to detect association between TNF- α and HCC, a meta-analysis was performed. Five studies with 541 cases and 795 controls were used for rs361525, while six studies including 925 cases and 1307 controls were collected for investigating rs1800629. The grouping of countries from data were obtained was done by Principal Coordinate Analysis plot (PCA). Moreover, association between geographical area and grouping of genotypes was determined by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA).

RESULTS

Our meta-analysis showed that rs361525 and rs1800629 were not significantly associated with the risk of HCC. CCA analysis illustrated that there was not any correlation between genotype distribution and geographical distance for rs1800629 but there was significant correlation between genotype distribution and geographical features for rs361525. PCA analysis for both SNPs showed India and Korea were placed near each other and also China and Brazil were in same part of PCA plot.

CONCLUSION

To sum up, this meta-analysis suggests that the rs361525 and rs1800629 are not associated with HCC development while geographical distance effect on rs361525 genetic inheritance but not effect on rs1800629. However, it is necessary to conduct further studies with larger sample. Moreover, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions should also be considered.

TNF-α-308/-238 polymorphisms are associated with gastric cancer: A case-control family study in China

BACKGROUND

Associations of TNF-α-308 (rs1800629) and -238 (rs361525) with gastric cancer had the inconsistent indication among different populations.

METHODS

In this case-control family study, 47 families were determined with the probands diagnosed with gastric cancer (case family, n=296), accordingly 47 families without gastric cancer were matched with the case families by multivariate distribution of age, sex, social class, and pedigree size (control family, n=319). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) was used to identify the TNF genotype. Chi-square test was used to compare the groups regarding genotype and the allele frequencies, HWE test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

RESULTS

The frequencies of TNF-α-308 GA and AA genotypes were significantly higher in case family than that in control family. The risk of gastric cancer was increased in GA and AA carriers in the first degree (OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.20-3.51 and OR=4.89, 95% CI=2.74-8.74), however the similar result was not found in the second degree. Helicobacter pylori infection status were significantly associated with risk of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.26-3.05) while no statistical significance was noted in the second-degree relatives. Haplotypes of TNF-α-308/-238 alleles, GA/GG, AA/GG and AA/GA indicated the susceptibilities to gastric cancer with OR and 95% confident intervals resulting 2.07 (1.34-3.21), 4.49 (2.74-7.33) and 4.98 (1.76-14.01) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

TNF-α-G308A (rs1800629) polymorphisms are associated with gastric cancer in Chinese population. Haplotypes of TNF-α-308/-238 GA/GG, AA/GG and AA/GA increase the susceptibilities to gastric cancer. The first-degree relatives are more likely to develop into gastric cancer with TNF-α-G308 polymorphisms and H. pylori positive than the second-degree are.

The ERCC1-4533/8092, TNF-α 238/308 polymorphisms and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangxi Zhuang populations of China: Case-control study

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1)-4533/8092, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-238/308 polymorphisms, and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Guangxi Zhuang population of China.

METHODS

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the ERCC1-4533/8092 and TNF-α-238/308 polymorphisms in 88 cases with HCC and 82 cases of normal control.

RESULTS

There were no differences in the frequency distribution of ERCC1-4533 and TNF-α-238 polymorphisms in the HCC group and the control group (P > 0.05). The genotype frequency distributions of the ERCC1-8092 and TNF-α-308 in the HCC group and the control group were different (P < 0.05). Compared with ERCC1-8092 CC genotype, ERCC1-C8092 CA/AA genotype had higher risk of HCC (CA/AA vs CC; odds ratio 3.51, 95% confidence interval 1.03-12.016). Compared with TNF-α-308 GG genotype, TNF-α-308 GA/AA genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC (GA/AA vs GG; odds ratio 3.84, 95% confidence interval 1.011-14.57).

CONCLUSION

The genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1-8092 and TNF-α-308 are associated with the risk of HCC in Guangxi Zhuang population of China.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-308G/A promoter polymorphism in colorectal cancer in ethnic Kashmiri population - A case control study in a detailed perspective

Background

Inflammation constitutes one of the important components of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine and an important inflammatory mediator plays a pivotal role in the malignant cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, tissue invasion and metastasis in CRC. The studies on association of various polymorphisms in human TNF-α gene including TNF-α-308G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are limited, mixed and inconclusive.

Materials and methods

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of TNF-α-308G/A promoter SNP with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility and development risk and also to evaluate the modifying effects of possible TNF-α-308G/A genotypes on different risk factors of CRC in ethnic population of Kashmir, India through a case–control setup. The genotype frequencies of TNF-α-308G/A promoter SNP were compared between 142 CRC patients and 184 individually matched healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The associations between the TNF-α-308G/A SNP and CRC risk were examined through conditional logistic regression models adjusted for multiple possible confounding (third) variables. Further, the associations between this SNP and various clinico-pathological parameters, demographic variables and environmental factors within the case group subjects with regard to CRC risk were also evaluated.

Results

The association between the TNF-α-308G/A SNP and the modulation of risk of CRC was not found to be significant (p value = 0.156). The effect of less common TNF-α-308A allele on the risk of colorectal cancer was also not found to be significant (p value = 0.175). The variant genotype (AA) was nonexistent in the study population. Further, we found no significant effect modulation of CRC risk by wild and heterozygous TNF-α-308G/A SNP genotypes in presence of different possible risk factors (p > 0.05). We also found no significant association of TNF-α-308G/A SNP with the subsets of various characteristics of the case group subjects under study (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study indicates that there is no significant association between the TNF-α-308G/A promoter SNP and the risk of developing CRC in ethnic Kashmiri population. However, in order to substantiate our findings, this study needs to be replicated with bigger sample size and should involve other ethnically defined populations with high CRC risk.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-308 G/A Polymorphisms and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

CONTEXT

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common disorder throughout the world that can develop due to various factors, including genetics. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is the most frequently studied cytokine related to the risk of developing HCC, and an association between the 308 position of the TNF-α promoter (TNF-α-308) and HCC risk has been confirmed in various reports.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION

The PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched through July 12, 2015, for studies on associations between TNF-α-308 and the risk of HCC. To determine this association, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 23 case-control studies were investigated, involving 3,389 cases and 4,235 controls. The overall conclusion was that the A allele was more frequent in case groups compared to control groups (13.4% vs. 8.4%). Thus, the A allele was significantly associated with increased HCC risk (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.26-2.50]; P value < 0.002). In addition to the allelic model, the dominant model (AA + AG vs. GG) was significantly associated with HCC risk (OR = 1.80; CI = [1.29-2.51]; P value < 0.001). In the sensitivity analysis for co-dominant (AA vs. GG) and recessive models (AA vs. AG + GG), no trustworthy associations with the risk of HCC development were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis indicated that the TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphism is significantly associated with increased susceptibility to HCC. However, to confirm this finding, more studies are needed on TNF-α-308 G/A polymorphisms associated with HCC.

Tumor necrosis factor-α gene 308G/A polymorphism is not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Kazakh patients

BACKGROUND

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant tumor with a strong tendency toward familial aggregation and a higher incidence as well as mortality in Kazakh population. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in controlling the progression of lung cancer, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer. But the association between TNF-α-308G/A and ESCC still remains unclarified.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Here, we investigated the potential associations between the TNF-α-308G/A and susceptibility to ESCC in 212 cases and 200 controls from a pure ethnic population of Kazakh. DNA extraction and Real-time PCR were performed to detect the TNF-α-308G/A expression levels and odd ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were to evaluate their association with TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism.

RESULTS

We found that the frequencies of TNF-α-308G/A in the cases were similar to that of the controls with no differences being statistically significant (χ(2)=1.23, P>0.05). Using the G allele as the reference genotype, individuals who carried A allele had a significantly increased risk of developing ESCC (OR=2.64, 95% CI=1.31~5.35). Especially, the G/A+A/A genotype are associated with increased risk of metastatic as compared with GG genotype individuals (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.14-3.80, P=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that though the TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism may not be correlated with the susceptibility to Kazakh's ESCC in Xinjiang, patients who carry A allele tend to poorly differentiated and lymph node metastasis.