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Yan S, Ji J, Zhang Z, Imam M, Chen H, Zhang D, Wang J. Targeting the crosstalk between estrogen receptors and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer treatment: Advances and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116615. [PMID: 38663101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor are the primary receptors for estrogen in breast cancer. These receptors are mainly activated by binding with estrogens. The crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors creates additional pathways that amplify the effects of their ligands and promote tumor growth. This crosstalk may cause endocrine therapy resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, this may explain the resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) treatment in ERα-/HER2-positive breast cancer and chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the complex crosstalk between ERs and growth factor receptors. In this review, we delineate the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the current progress in clinical treatment and discusses how pharmaceuticals target the crosstalk. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and propose potential solutions regarding the implications of targeting crosstalk via pharmacological inhibition. Overall, the present review provides a landscape of the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer, along with valuable insights for future studies and clinical treatments using a chemotherapy-sparing regimen to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Jiale Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Murshid Imam
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
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2
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Lombardi AM, Sangiolo D, Vigna E. MET Oncogene Targeting for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6109. [PMID: 38892318 PMCID: PMC11173045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The MET receptor is one of the main drivers of 'invasive growth', a multifaceted biological response essential during embryonic development and tissue repair that is usurped by cancer cells to induce and sustain the malignant phenotype. MET stands out as one of the most important oncogenes activated in cancer and its inhibition has been explored since the initial era of cancer-targeted therapy. Different approaches have been developed to hamper MET signaling and/or reduce MET (over)expression as a hallmark of transformation. Considering the great interest gained by cancer immunotherapy, this review evaluates the opportunity of targeting MET within therapeutic approaches based on the exploitation of immune functions, either in those cases where MET impairment is crucial to induce an effective response (i.e., when MET is the driver of the malignancy), or when blocking MET represents a way for potentiating the treatment (i.e., when MET is an adjuvant of tumor fitness).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Vigna
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy; (A.M.L.); (D.S.)
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3
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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Chen HF, Babaeizad A, Roustai Geraylow K, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Unlocking c-MET: A comprehensive journey into targeted therapies for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216780. [PMID: 38462033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, posing a formidable health challenge worldwide. In this complex landscape, the c-MET (cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), also recognized as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor (HGFR), emerges as a prominent protagonist, displaying overexpression in nearly 50% of breast cancer cases. Activation of c-MET by its ligand, HGF, secreted by neighboring mesenchymal cells, contributes to a cascade of tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. While c-MET inhibitors such as crizotinib, capmatinib, tepotinib and cabozantinib have garnered FDA approval for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their potential within breast cancer therapy is still undetermined. This comprehensive review embarks on a journey through structural biology, multifaceted functions, and intricate signaling pathways orchestrated by c-MET across cancer types. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of c-MET-targeted therapies in breast cancer, offering a clinical perspective on this promising avenue of intervention. In this pursuit, we strive to unravel the potential of c-MET as a beacon of hope in the fight against breast cancer, unveiling new horizons for therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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4
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Kubeczko M, Tudrej P, Tyszkiewicz T, Krzywon A, Oczko-Wojciechowska M, JarzĄb M. Liquid biopsy utilizing miRNA in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with cyclin‑dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:181. [PMID: 38464342 PMCID: PMC10921259 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is) are the mainstay of treatment of hormone receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC). Despite improvements in overall survival, most patients experience disease progression. Biomarkers derived from a liquid biopsy are appealing for their potential to detect resistance to treatment earlier than computed tomography imaging. However, clinical data concerning microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in the context of CDK4/6is are lacking. Thus, the present study assessed the use of miRNAs in patients with ABC treated with CDK4/6is. Patients treated for ABC with CDK4/6is between June and August 2022 were eligible. miRNA expression analyses were performed using a TaqMan™ low-density miRNA array. A total of 80 consecutive patients with ABC treated with CDK4/6is at Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology (Gliwice, Poland) were assessed, with 14 patients diagnosed with progressive disease at the time of sampling, 55 patients exhibited clinical benefit from CDK4/6i treatment and 11 patients were at the beginning of CDK4/6i treatment. Patients with disease progression had significantly higher levels of miR-21 (P=0.027), miR-34a (P=0.011), miR-193b (P=0.032), miR-200a (P=0.027) and miR-200b (P=0.003) compared with patients who benefitted from CDK4/6i treatment. Significantly higher levels of miR-34a expression were observed in patients with progressive disease than in patients beginning treatment (P=0.031). The present study demonstrated the potential innovative role of circulating miRNAs during CDK4/6i treatment. Plasma-based expression of miR-21, -34a, -193b, -200a and -200b effectively distinguished patients with ABC who responded to CDK4/6i treatment from patients who were resistant. However, longitudinal studies are required to verify the predictive and prognostic potential of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kubeczko
- Breast Cancer Center, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Upper Silesia 44-102, Poland
| | - Patrycja Tudrej
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Upper Silesia 44-102, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Upper Silesia 44-102, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krzywon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Upper Silesia 44-102, Poland
| | - MaŁgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Upper Silesia 44-102, Poland
| | - MichaŁ JarzĄb
- Breast Cancer Center, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Upper Silesia 44-102, Poland
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Mitra D, Saha D, Das G, Mukherjee R, Banerjee S, Alam N, Mustafi SM, Nath P, Majumder A, Majumder B, Murmu N. Lupeol synergizes with 5-fluorouracil to combat c-MET/EphA2 mediated chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. iScience 2023; 26:108395. [PMID: 38047085 PMCID: PMC10692664 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most elusive subtype of breast cancer that encounters treatment dilemmas owing to the paucity of druggable targets. We found hyperactivation of c-MET and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) in patients treated with 5FU driven chemotherapy which correlated with lower disease-free survival. However, silencing of both these genes resulted in a marked decrease in the invasive, migratory, and tumorigenic potential of TNBC cells, indicating that a dual target strategy is actionable. Lupeol is a phytochemical, with potent anticancer efficacy and minimal side effects in preclinical studies. A synergistic strategy with 5FU and Lupeol elicited promising anticancer responses in vitro, in vivo, and in patient-derived ex vivo tumor culture models. This synergistic regimen is effective, even in the presence of HGF, which mechanistically orchestrates the activation of c-MET and EphA2. These data lay the foundation for the clinical validation of this combination therapy for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarpan Mitra
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Depanwita Saha
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rimi Mukherjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Samir Banerjee
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Saunak Mitra Mustafi
- Department of Pathology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Partha Nath
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Anuj Majumder
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 65 Lansdowne Street, Suite #317, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Brookline High School, 115 Greenough Street, Brookline, MA 02445, USA
| | - Biswanath Majumder
- Departments of Molecular Profiling, Cancer Biology and Molecular Pathology, Mitra Biotech, Bangalore, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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Shaker SA, Alshufta SM, Gowayed MA, El-Salamouni NS, Bassam SM, Megahed MA, El-Tahan RA. Propolis-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers halt breast cancer progression through miRNA-223 related pathways: an in-vitro/in-vivo experiment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15752. [PMID: 37735586 PMCID: PMC10514043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent malignant tumor in women is breast cancer, and its incidence has been rising every year. Propolis has been used for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the Egyptian Propolis Extract (ProE) and its improved targeting using nanostructured lipid carriers (ProE-NLC) in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice, the common animal model for mammary tumors. EAC mice were treated either with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ProE, ProE-NLC, or a combination of ProE-NLC and 5-FU. Their effect on different inflammatory, angiogenic, proliferation and apoptotic markers, as well as miR-223, was examined. ProE and ProE-NLC have shown potential anti-breast cancer activity through multiple interrelated mechanisms including, the elevation of antioxidant levels, suppression of angiogenesis, inflammatory and mTOR pathways, and induction of the apoptotic pathway. All of which is a function of increased miRNA-223 expression. The efficiency of propolis was enhanced when loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers, increasing the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU. In conclusion, this study is the first to develop propolis-loaded NLC for breast cancer targeting and to recommend propolis as an antitumor agent against breast cancer or as an adjuvant treatment with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance their antitumor activity and decrease their side effects. Tumor targeting by ProE-NLC should be considered as a future therapeutic perspective in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Shaker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shadi M Alshufta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El-Mahmoudia Str., Smouha, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noha S El-Salamouni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar M Bassam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magda A Megahed
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha A El-Tahan
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Das B, Sethy C, Chatterjee S, Dash SR, Sinha S, Paul S, Goutam K, Kundu CN. Quinacrine inhibits cMET-mediated metastasis and angiogenesis in breast cancer stem cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00756-9. [PMID: 37162635 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A trans-membrane receptor tyrosine kinase, cMET, belonging to the MET proto-oncogene family, is responsible for cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. But not much is known about the role of cMET in growth and progression of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Earlier studies have shown that Quinacrine (QC), a bioactive agent, has anti-CSCs activity. Here, the role of QC in deregulation of cMET-mediated metastasis and angiogenesis has been systematically evaluated in vitro in highly metastatic breast CSCs (mBCSCs), ex vivo in patient-derived breast cancer stem cells (PDBCSCs) and in vivo in xenograft mice model systems. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and representative metastasis markers were upregulated in cMET-overexpressed cells and QC exposure inhibited these processes in both mBCSCs and PDBCSCs. Interestingly, metastasis was significantly inhibited by QC in cMET-overexpressed cells but comparatively lesser significant alteration of the process was noted in cMET-silenced cells. Increase in vascularization (in in ovo CAM assay), and cell-cell tube formation (in HUVECs), and enhanced MMP9 and MMP2 enzymatic activities (in gelatin zymography) were noted after cMET overexpression but these processes got reversed after cMET knockdown or QC treatment in cMET-overexpressed cells. QC inhibited angiogenesis significantly in cMET-overexpressed cells, but lesser significant change was observed in cMET-silenced cells. Reduction in tumor volume and decreased expression of metastatic and angiogenic markers were also noted in xenograft mice after QC treatment. Furthermore, QC inhibited cMET activity by dephosphorylation of its tyrosine residues (Y1234 and Y1356) and downregulation of its downstream cascade. Thus, QC inhibited the cMET-mediated metastasis and angiogenesis in in vitro, in ovo, in vivo and ex vivo model systems. Ligand (HGF) binding leads to receptor dimerization and phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase domain of cMET. This activates the cMET signaling cascade. The representative downstream metastasis and angiogenesis-related proteins get upregulated and induce the metastasis and angiogenesis process. But after the QC treatment, cMET get dephosphorylated and inactivated. As a result, the downstream signaling proteins of cMET along with the other representative metastatic and angiogenic factors get downregulated. These lead to inhibition of cMET-mediated metastasis and angiogenesis. (Created with BioRender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chinmayee Sethy
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Subarno Paul
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Kunal Goutam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Alamshany ZM, Algamdi EM, Othman IMM, Anwar MM, Nossier ES. New pyrazolopyridine and pyrazolothiazole-based compounds as anti-proliferative agents targeting c-Met kinase inhibition: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12889-12905. [PMID: 37114032 PMCID: PMC10128108 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01931d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Met tyrosine kinase plays a key role in the oncogenic process. Inhibition of the c-Met has emerged as an attractive target for human cancer treatment. This work deals with the design and synthesis of a new set of derivatives bearing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-b]thieno[3,2-e]pyridine, and pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazole-5-thione scaffolds, 5a,b, 8a-f, and 10a,b, respectively, utilizing 3-methyl-1-tosyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (1) as a key starting material. All the new compounds were evaluated as antiproliferative agents against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 human cancer cell lines utilizing 5-fluorouracil and erlotinib as two standard drugs. Compounds 5a,b and 10a,b represented the most promising cytotoxic activity of IC50 values ranging from 3.42 ± 1.31 to 17.16 ± 0.37 μM. Both 5a and 5b showed the most cytotoxicity and selectivity toward HepG-2, with IC50 values of 3.42 ± 1.31 μM and 3.56 ± 1.5 μM, respectively. The enzyme assay demonstrated that 5a and 5b had inhibition potency on c-Met with IC50 values in nanomolar range of 4.27 ± 0.31 and 7.95 ± 0.17 nM, respectively in comparison with the reference drug cabozantinib (IC50; 5.38 ± 0.35 nM). The impact of 5a on the cell cycle and apoptosis induction potential in HepG-2 and on the apoptotic parameters; Bax, Bcl-2, p53, and caspase-3 was also investigated. Finally, the molecular docking simulation of the most promising derivatives 5a and 5b was screened against c-Met to investigate the binding patterns of both compounds in the active site of the c-Met enzyme. In silico ADME studies were also performed for 5a and 5b to predict their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra M Alamshany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 42805 Jeddah 21551 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Algamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 42805 Jeddah 21551 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail M M Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Assiut 71524 Egypt
| | - Manal M Anwar
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Eman S Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11754 Egypt
- The National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology Cairo 11516 Egypt
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9
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Expression of c-MET in Estrogen Receptor Positive and HER2 Negative Resected Breast Cancer Correlated with a Poor Prognosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236987. [PMID: 36498560 PMCID: PMC9738605 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) receptor is overexpressed in about 14−54% of invasive breast cancers, but its prognostic value in clinical practice is still unclear. Methods: In order to investigate the relationship between c-MET expression levels and prognosis, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical features and outcomes of 105 women with estrogen receptor positive HER2 negative (ER+/HER2-) resected breast cancer. We used the Kaplan Meier method to estimate Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Breast Cancer Specific Survival (BCSS) in the subgroups of patients with high (≥50%) and low (<50%) c-MET expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression models were performed to assess the prognostic impact of clinicopathological parameters for DFS an BCSS. Results: High c-MET values significantly correlated with tumor size, high Ki67 and low (<20%) progesterone receptor expression. At a median follow up of 60 months, patients with high c-MET tumor had significantly worse (p = 0.00026) and BCSS (p = 0.0013). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between large tumor size, elevated Ki67, c-MET values and increased risk of recurrence or death. The multivariate COX regression model showed that tumor size and high c-MET expression were independent predictors of DFS (p = 0.019 and p = 0.022). Moreover, large tumor size was associated with significantly higher risk of cancer related death at multivariate analysis (p = 0.017), while a trend towards a poorer survival was registered in the high c-MET levels cohort (p = 0.084). Conclusions: In our series, high c-MET expression correlated with poor survival outcomes. Further studies are warranted to validate the clinical relevance and applicability of c-MET as a prognostic factor in ER+/HER2- early BC.
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Czogalla B, Dötzer K, Sigrüner N, von Koch FE, Brambs CE, Anthuber S, Frangini S, Burges A, Werner J, Mahner S, Mayer B. Combined Expression of HGFR with Her2/neu, EGFR, IGF1R, Mucin-1 and Integrin α2β1 Is Associated with Aggressive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2694. [PMID: 36359213 PMCID: PMC9687566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), also known as c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET), plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In contrast, the mechanisms contributing to aberrant expression of HGFR in EOC are not fully understood. In the present study, the expression of HGFR with its prognostic and predictive role was evaluated immunohistochemically in a cohort of 42 primary ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, we analyzed the dual expression of HGFR and other druggable biomarkers. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, high HGFR expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio (HR) 2.99, 95% confidence interval (CI95%) 1.01-8.91, p = 0.049) and overall survival (OS) (HR 5.77, CI95% 1.56-21.34, p = 0.009). In addition, the combined expression of HGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/neu), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1R), Mucin-1 and Integrin α2β1 further significantly impaired PFS, platinum-free interval (PFI) and OS. Protein co-expression analyses were confirmed by transcriptomic data in a large, independent cohort of patients. In conclusion, new biomarker-directed treatment targets were identified to fight poor prognosis of primary EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Dötzer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Sigrüner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Edler von Koch
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic, Klinikum Dritter Orden, Menzinger Straße 44, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine E. Brambs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Anthuber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Starnberg Hospital, Oßwaldstraße 1, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
| | - Sergio Frangini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Munich Clinic Harlaching, Sanatoriumsplatz 2, 81545 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Mayer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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11
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Claus A, Sweeney A, Sankepalle DM, Li B, Wong D, Xavierselvan M, Mallidi S. 3D Ultrasound-Guided Photoacoustic Imaging to Monitor the Effects of Suboptimal Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Pancreatic Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915319. [PMID: 35875138 PMCID: PMC9300843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with an incredibly poor survival rate. As only about 20% of patients are eligible for surgical resection, neoadjuvant treatments that can relieve symptoms and shrink tumors for surgical resection become critical. Many forms of treatments rely on increased vulnerability of cancerous cells, but tumors or regions within the tumors that may be hypoxic could be drug resistant. Particularly for neoadjuvant therapies such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitors utilized to shrink tumors, it is critical to monitor changes in vascular function and hypoxia to predict treatment efficacy. Current clinical imaging modalities used to obtain structural and functional information regarding hypoxia or oxygen saturation (StO2) do not provide sufficient depth penetration or require the use of exogenous contrast agents. Recently, ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging (US-PAI) has garnered significant popularity, as it can noninvasively provide multiparametric information on tumor vasculature and function without the need for contrast agents. Here, we built upon existing literature on US-PAI and demonstrate the importance of changes in StO2 values to predict treatment response, particularly tumor growth rate, when the outcomes are suboptimal. Specifically, we image xenograft mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with suboptimal doses of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. We utilize the US-PAI data to develop a multivariate regression model that demonstrates that a therapy-induced reduction in tumor growth rate can be predicted with 100% positive predictive power and a moderate (58.33%) negative predictive power when a combination of pretreatment tumor volume and changes in StO2 values pretreatment and immediately posttreatment was employed. Overall, our study indicates that US-PAI has the potential to provide label-free surrogate imaging biomarkers that can predict tumor growth rate in suboptimal therapy.
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12
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Samami E, Shahhosseini Z, Hamzehgardeshi Z, Elyasi F. Psychological Interventions in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:95-106. [PMID: 35291438 PMCID: PMC8919308 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.86657.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nausea and vomiting are considered the most common side effects of chemotherapy, and they can affect different dimensions of the lives of women with breast cancer.
Thus, the management of these complications is of great significance. Various interventions are drawn upon to alleviate nausea and vomiting. This review aimed to investigate the
effects of psychological interventions on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer. Methods: A systematic review of clinical or quasi-experimental clinical trials published from 2000 to 2020 on the effects of psychological interventions on nausea and vomiting induced by
chemotherapy in women with breast cancer was conducted via a comprehensive search in web search engines including Google Scholar and PubMed and databases such as Web of Science,
Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, Elsevier, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID). Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) was employed with the
following keywords: nausea, vomiting, breast cancer, chemotherapy, and psychological intervention. The quality of the included studies was assessed via the Jadad scale. Results: Nine studies were included in this systematic review. Psychological interventions in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer consisted
of cognitive-behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation training, yoga, and guided imagery. The results indicated that in all the studies, except one,
the interventions improved conditions and reduced chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation training, guided imagery,
and yoga alleviated nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that these interventions be applied by
healthcare providers to ameliorate nausea and vomiting in these patients. The abstract was presented in the 15th International Congress on Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran, Iran, 8–11 October 2019, as a poster and published in the congress book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Samami
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Shahhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Forouzan Elyasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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13
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Dai K, Wu Y, She S, Zhang Q. Advancement of chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:2029-2037. [PMID: 35070039 PMCID: PMC8713322 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advance of genome engineering technology, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-based immunotherapy has become an emerging therapeutic strategy for tumors. Although initially designed for T cells in tumor immunotherapy, CARs have been exploited to modify the function of natural killer (NK) cells against a variety of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CAR-NK cells have the potential to sufficiently kill tumor antigen-expressing HCC cells, independent of major histocompatibility complex matching or prior priming. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in genetic engineering of CAR-NK cells against HCC and discuss the current challenges and prospects of CAR-NK cells as a revolutionary cellular immunotherapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sha She
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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14
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Payer LM, Steranka JP, Kryatova MS, Grillo G, Lupien M, Rocha PP, Burns KH. Alu insertion variants alter gene transcript levels. Genome Res 2021; 31:2236-2248. [PMID: 34799402 PMCID: PMC8647820 DOI: 10.1101/gr.261305.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alu are high copy number interspersed repeats that have accumulated near genes during primate and human evolution. They are a pervasive source of structural variation in modern humans. Impacts that Alu insertions may have on gene expression are not well understood, although some have been associated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Here, we directly test regulatory effects of polymorphic Alu insertions in isolation of other variants on the same haplotype. To screen insertion variants for those with such effects, we used ectopic luciferase reporter assays and evaluated 110 Alu insertion variants, including more than 40 with a potential role in disease risk. We observed a continuum of effects with significant outliers that up- or down-regulate luciferase activity. Using a series of reporter constructs, which included genomic context surrounding the Alu, we can distinguish between instances in which the Alu disrupts another regulator and those in which the Alu introduces new regulatory sequence. We next focused on three polymorphic Alu loci associated with breast cancer that display significant effects in the reporter assay. We used CRISPR to modify the endogenous sequences, establishing cell lines varying in the Alu genotype. Our findings indicate that Alu genotype can alter expression of genes implicated in cancer risk, including PTHLH, RANBP9, and MYC These data show that commonly occurring polymorphic Alu elements can alter transcript levels and potentially contribute to disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Payer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jared P Steranka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Maria S Kryatova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Giacomo Grillo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4340, USA
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen H Burns
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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15
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Zhao S, Wu W, Jiang H, Ma L, Pan C, Jin C, Mo J, Wang L, Wang K. Selective Inhibitor of the c-Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: No Beneficial Effect With the Use of Tivantinib? Front Immunol 2021; 12:731527. [PMID: 34804015 PMCID: PMC8600564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a formidable health challenge worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of 2.4% in patients with distant metastases. The hepatocyte growth factor/cellular-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (HGF/c-Met) signaling pathway represents an encouraging therapeutic target for progressive HCC. Tivantinib, a non-adenosine triphosphate-competitive c-Met inhibitor, showed an attractive therapeutic effect on advanced HCC patients with high MET-expression in phase 2 study but failed to meet its primary endpoint of prolonging the overall survival (OS) in two phase 3 HCC clinical trials. Seven clinical trials have been registered in the "ClinicalTrials.gov" for investigating the safety and efficacy of tivantinib in treating advanced or unresectable HCC. Eight relevant studies have been published with results. The sample size ranged from 20 to 340 patients. The methods of tivantinib administration and dosage were orally 120/240/360 mg twice daily. MET overexpression was recorded at 34.6% to 100%. Two large sample phase 3 studies (the METIV-HCC study of Australia and European population and the JET-HCC study of the Japanese population) revealed that tivantinib failed to show survival benefits in advanced HCC. Common adverse events with tivantinib treatment include neutropenia, ascites, rash, and anemia, etc. Several factors may contribute to the inconsistency between the phase 2 and phase 3 studies of tivantinib, including the sample size, drug dosing, study design, and the rate of MET-High. In the future, high selective MET inhibitors combined with a biomarker-driven patient selection may provide a potentially viable therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chengyi Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Liezhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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16
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Li J, Fang K, Choppavarapu L, Yang K, Yang Y, Wang J, Cao R, Jatoi I, Jin VX. Hi-C profiling of cancer spheroids identifies 3D-growth-specific chromatin interactions in breast cancer endocrine resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:175. [PMID: 34535185 PMCID: PMC8447690 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoids or spheroids have emerged as a physiologically relevant in vitro preclinical model to study patient-specific diseases. A recent study used spheroids of MCF10 cells to model breast cancer progression and identified targetable alterations more similar to those in vivo. Thus, it is practical and essential to explore and characterize the spheroids of the commonly used human breast cancer (BC) cells. METHODS In this study, we conducted Hi-C analyses in three-dimensional (3D) spheroids of MCF10A, MCF7 and MCF7TR cells and compared TADs and looping genes with those in 2D monolayers. Furthermore, we performed in silico functional analysis on 3D-growth-specific looping genes and to compare patient outcomes with or without endocrinal therapy. Finally, we performed 3C/RT-qPCR validations in 3D spheroids and 3D-FISH confirmations in organoids of breast cancer patient tissues. RESULTS We found that chromatin structures have experienced drastic changes during the 3D culture growth of BC cells although there is not much change in the quantity of chromatin domains. We also observed that the strengths of looping genes were statistically different between 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. We further identified novel 3D growth-specific looping genes within Hippo relevant pathways, of which two genes showed potential prognostic values in measuring the outcome of the endocrine treatment. We finally confirmed a few selected genes in Hippo relevant pathways with enhanced looping in organoids of breast cancer patient tissues. CONCLUSIONS Hence, our work has provided significant insights into our understanding of 3D-growth-specific chromatin architecture in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Our analyses suggest that the strengthened looping-mediated Hippo relevant pathways may contribute to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kun Fang
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, UTHSA-UTSA Joint Graduate Program, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Lavanya Choppavarapu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital - Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Ismail Jatoi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Victor X Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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17
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Meng W, Chen T. Association between the HGF/c‑MET signaling pathway and tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:191. [PMID: 34278495 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies with a rising incidence, and is characterized by rapid progression, frequent metastasis, late diagnosis, high postoperative recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel treatment strategies for HCC, particularly advanced HCC, are urgently required. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‑mesenchymal‑epithelial transition receptor (c‑MET) axis is a key signaling pathway in HCC and is strongly associated with its highly malignant features. Available treatments based on HGF/c‑MET inhibition may prolong the lifespan of patients with HCC; however, they do not achieve the desired therapeutic effects. The aim of the present article was to review the basic knowledge regarding the role of the HGF/c‑MET signaling pathway in HCC, and examine the association between the HGF/c‑MET signaling pathway and the tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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18
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Fu J, Su X, Li Z, Deng L, Liu X, Feng X, Peng J. HGF/c-MET pathway in cancer: from molecular characterization to clinical evidence. Oncogene 2021; 40:4625-4651. [PMID: 34145400 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive landscape of HGF/c-MET (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) /mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET)) signaling pathway in cancers. First, we generalize the compelling influence of HGF/c-MET pathway on multiple cellular processes. Then, we present the genomic characterization of HGF/c-MET pathway in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we extensively illustrate the malignant biological behaviors of HGF/c-MET pathway in cancers, in which hyperactive HGF/c-MET signaling is considered as a hallmark. In addition, we investigate the current clinical trials of HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy in cancers. We find that although HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy has led to breakthroughs in certain cancers, monotherapy of targeting HGF/c-MET has failed to demonstrate significant clinical efficacy in most cancers. With the advantage of the combinations of HGF/c-MET-targeted therapy, the exploration of more options of combinational targeted therapy in cancers may be the major challenge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuancheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Nassir R, Esheba G, Elmoneim HMA, Altowairqi AS, Nouman G. Expression and Clinical Significance of <i>PIK3CA</i>, <i>c-MET</i> and <i>c-KIT</i> Mutations in Saudi Breast Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN BREAST CANCER RESEARCH 2021; 10:60-74. [DOI: 10.4236/abcr.2021.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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20
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de Heer EC, Jalving M, Harris AL. HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism: elusive enemies in breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5074-5087. [PMID: 32870818 PMCID: PMC7524491 DOI: 10.1172/jci137552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and the HIF-dependent cancer hallmarks angiogenesis and metabolic rewiring are well-established drivers of breast cancer aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Targeting of HIF and its downstream targets in angiogenesis and metabolism has been unsuccessful so far in the breast cancer clinical setting, with major unresolved challenges residing in target selection, development of robust biomarkers for response prediction, and understanding and harnessing of escape mechanisms. This Review discusses the pathophysiological role of HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism in breast cancer and the challenges of targeting these features in patients with breast cancer. Rational therapeutic combinations, especially with immunotherapy and endocrine therapy, seem most promising in the clinical exploitation of the intricate interplay of HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism in breast cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. de Heer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Sjöström M, Veenstra C, Holmberg E, Karlsson P, Killander F, Malmström P, Niméus E, Fernö M, Stål O. Expression of HGF, pMet, and pAkt is related to benefit of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery: a long-term follow-up of the SweBCG91-RT randomised trial. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2713-2726. [PMID: 32946618 PMCID: PMC7607179 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, Met, in part also relying on Akt kinase activity, mediate radioresistance. We investigated the importance of these biomarkers for the risk of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR) after adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in primary breast cancer. HGF, phosphorylated Met (pMet) and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) were evaluated immunohistochemically on tissue microarrays from 1004 patients in the SweBCG91‐RT trial, which randomly assigned patients to breast‐conserving therapy, with or without adjuvant RT. HGF was evaluated in the stroma (HGFstr); pMet in the membrane (pMetmem); HGF, pMet and pAkt in the cytoplasm (HGFcyt, pMetcyt, pAktcyt); and pAkt in the nucleus (pAktnuc). The prognostic and treatment predictive effects were evaluated to primary endpoint IBTR as first event during the first 5 years. Patients with tumours expressing low levels of HGFcyt and pMetcyt and high levels of pAktnuc derived a larger benefit from RT [hazard ratio (HR): 0.11 (0.037–0.30), 0.066 (0.016–0.28) and 0.094 (0.028–0.31), respectively] compared to patients with high expression of HGFcyt and pMetcyt, and low pAktnuc [HR: 0.36 (0.19–0.67), 0.35 (0.20–0.64) and 0.47 (0.32–0.71), respectively; interaction analyses: P = 0.052, 0.035 and 0.013, respectively]. These differences remained in multivariable analysis when adjusting for patient age, tumour size, histological grade, St Gallen subtype and systemic treatment (interaction analysis, P‐values: 0.085, 0.027, and 0.023, respectively). This study suggests that patients with immunohistochemically low HGFcyt, low pMetcyt and high pAktnuc may derive an increased benefit from RT after breast‐conserving surgery concerning the risk of developing IBTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sjöström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cynthia Veenstra
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Killander
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Malmström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Niméus
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Rashed WM, Kandeil MA, Mahmoud MO, Maher D, Ezzat S, Abdel-Rahman MH. MET canonical transcript expression is a predictive biomarker for chemo-sensitivity to MET-inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:167-175. [PMID: 32980960 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) is a dominant non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon in the human genome that has been implicated in the overexpression of MET. Both the canonical MET and L1-MET transcripts are considered to play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of canonical MET, L1-MET, and MET protein expressions as predictive biomarkers for chemo-sensitivity to MET-inhibitors in HCC cell lines in vitro. Additionally, we assessed their expression in tumour tissues from Egyptian HCC patients. METHODS MET and L1-MET expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR in six liver cancer cell lines (SNU-387, SNU-475, SK-HEP-1, PLC/PRF/5, SNU-449 and SNU-423) and 47 HCC tumour tissues. MET protein expression was measured by western blot in cell lines and immunohistochemistry in the tumours. Cell proliferation assay was used to assess the effect of crizotinib and tivantinib on the six liver cancer cell lines in correlation with the expression of MET, L1-MET and MET. RESULTS The antitumor effect of crizotinib and tivantinib correlated with MET gene expression but not with L1-MET transcript or MET protein expressions. No significant difference was observed between HCC tumours and non-tumour samples in MET and L1-MET transcripts expression. There were no significant correlations between the 2-year overall survival rate and the MET, L1-MET transcripts and the MET protein expression. CONCLUSION MET RNA expression could be useful biomarker for tivantinib and crizotinib targeted therapy in HCC. The value of assessment of MET protein expression is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M Rashed
- Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Doha Maher
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sameera Ezzat
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, 400 W 12th Ave, Room 202 Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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23
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Venetis K, Invernizzi M, Sajjadi E, Curigliano G, Fusco N. Cellular immunotherapy in breast cancer: The quest for consistent biomarkers. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 90:102089. [PMID: 32889360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with a relatively high proportion of patients experiencing resistance to standard treatments. Cellular immunotherapy (CI), which is based on the extraction, modification, and re-infusion of the patient's immune cells, is showing promising results in these patients. Among CI possible approaches, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and dendritic cell (DC) vaccination are the most comprehensively explored in both primary/translational research studies and clinical trials. ACT may include the use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cell receptor (TCR)-, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells. There are indications suggesting that a biomarker-based approach might be beneficial in effectively selecting breast cancer patients for CI. Here, we sought to provide the current knowledge of CI in breast cancer, focusing on candidate biomarkers, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and immediate future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Li X, Tian L, Zhang L, Xu B, Zhang Y, Li Q. Clinical Significance of ZNF711 in Human Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6593-6601. [PMID: 32753895 PMCID: PMC7351981 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s251702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of the zinc-finger protein 711 (ZNF711) in breast cancer (BCa). Materials and Methods The relevance of ZNF711 in BCa was analyzed using bioinformatics. The expression of ZNF711 was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin blocks of BCa. To evaluate its clinical significance, the correlation between the expression of ZNF711 and BCa clinical indicators, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), was analyzed. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier method was applied to explore the prognostic value of ZNF711. Results ZNF711 expression was decreased in BCa and was negatively correlated with ER expression (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with HER-2 expression (P < 0.01), but there was no significant correlation between ZNF711 and PR expression. ZNF711 expression was not correlated with age, tumor diameter, or lymph node metastasis; however, ZNF711 expression was correlated with staging in BCa. Survival analysis results showed that the ZNF711-positive group patients had a poorer prognosis compared with the ZNF711-negative group. Conclusion The expression of ZNF711 was deceased in BCa and closely related to ER and HER-2 expression. Therefore, ZNF711 could not only serve as a predictor of BCa with poor prognosis but also as a potential biomarker for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Tian
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Center, Shenyang Mental Health Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110168, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojin Xu
- Departments of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People's Republic of China
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25
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Coping Strategies-Oriented Interventions in Breast Cancer Women: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Quantitative Evidence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.99884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Coping strategies can predict breast cancer patients’ emotional well-being. Objectives: The aim of this systematic scoping review was to investigate the effect of coping strategies-oriented interventions on coping skills in breast cancer women. Data Sources: A systematic scoping review was conducted using a broad search across PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, and Google scholar from 2009 - 2018. Study Selection: Clinical or quasi-experimental trials using interventions and control groups on the coping strategies-oriented interventions in breast cancer women in English or Persian were included. Data Extraction: Two independent researchers selected the final papers. In the case of a disagreement, the third researcher made the final decision. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. Results: The coping strategies-oriented interventions were classified into four main categories: psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, coping therapy, self-management, and psychoeducation; spiritual-religious interventions; social interventions, such as family therapy; and complementary interventions, such as acupuncture. Most interventions improved the coping skills of the studied women. Based on the Jadad scale, only two studies had good quality. Conclusions: Considering that most interventions improved the coping skills of breast cancer women, it is suggested that healthcare providers be proficient in examination techniques that maximize the patient’s coping skills. However, there remains a need for further culture-based research to adopt the best interventions and make changes in policy.
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26
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Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Saso L, Firuzi O. HGF/MET pathway aberrations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:533-566. [PMID: 31512514 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1653821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. MET tyrosine kinase receptor [MET, c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor] pathway activation is associated with the appearance of several hallmarks of cancer. The HGF/MET pathway has emerged as an important actionable target across many solid tumors; therefore, biomarker discovery becomes essential in order to guide clinical intervention and patient stratification with the aim of moving towards personalized medicine. The focus of this review is on how the aberrant activation of the HGF/MET pathway in tumor tissue or the circulation can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers of drug response. Many meta-analyses have shown that aberrant activation of the MET pathway in tumor tissue, including MET gene overexpression, gene amplification, exon 14 skipping and other activating mutations, is almost invariably associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis. Most meta-analyses have been performed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, head and neck cancers as well as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, several studies have shown the predictive value of MET biomarkers in the identification of patients who gain the most benefit from HGF/MET targeted therapies administered as single or combination therapies. The highest predictive values have been observed for response to foretinib and savolitinib in renal cancer, as well as tivantinib in NSCLC and colorectal cancer. However, some studies, especially those based on MET expression, have failed to show much value in these stratifications. This may be rooted in lack of standardization of methodologies, in particular in scoring systems applied in immunohistochemistry determinations or absence of oncogenic addiction of cancer cells to the MET pathway, despite detection of overexpression. Measurements of amplification and mutation aberrations are less likely to suffer from these pitfalls. Increased levels of MET soluble ectodomain (sMET) in circulation have also been associated with poor prognosis; however, the evidence is not as strong as it is with tissue-based biomarkers. As a diagnostic biomarker, sMET has shown its value in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals in prostate and bladder cancers and in melanoma. On the other hand, increased circulating HGF has also been presented as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in many cancers; however, there is controversy on the predictive value of HGF as a biomarker. Other biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor HGF levels have also been briefly covered. In conclusion, HGF/MET aberrations can provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and represent vital assets for personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza Onlus , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer," Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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27
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Liu B, Liu ZZ, Zhou ML, Lin JW, Chen XM, Li Z, Gao WB, Yu ZD, Liu T. Development of c‑MET‑specific chimeric antigen receptor‑engineered natural killer cells with cytotoxic effects on human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2823-2831. [PMID: 31524233 PMCID: PMC6691195 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cellular immunotherapy has served an important role in the combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The possibility of specific cell therapies for the treatment of solid tumours has been further explored following the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in the treatment of haematological tumours. The present study aimed to evaluate the specificity and efficiency of c-MET-targeted CAR-NK cell immunotherapy on human liver cancer in vitro. A CAR structure that targeted and recognised a c-MET antigen was constructed. c-MET-CAR was transferred into primary NK cells using lentiviral infection. c-MET-positive HepG2 cells were used as an in vitro study model. The cytotoxicity assay results revealed that c-MET-CAR-NK cells exhibited more specific cytotoxicity for HepG2 cells with high c-MET expression compared with the lung cancer cell line H1299, which has low levels of c-MET expression. The results of the present study demonstrated that c-MET may be a specific and effective target for human liver cancer cell CAR-NK immunotherapy. Based on these results, CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy may provide a potential biotherapeutic approach for liver cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children Health Institute of Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Lin
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Gao
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
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28
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Kalapanida D, Zagouri F, Gazouli M, Tsiakou A, Zografos E, Dimitrakakis C, Marinopoulos S, Giannos A, Sergentanis TN, Kastritis E, Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA. Evaluation of MET T1010I and MET rs40239 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in triple-negative breast cancer: a case-control study. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4195-4202. [PMID: 31213837 PMCID: PMC6549390 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of MET T1010I and MET rs40239 as potential risk factor and/or prognostic markers in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: 114 samples of DNA from paraffin-embedded breast normal tissues of patients with TNBC and 124 samples of healthy controls were collected and analyzed for MET T1010I and MET rs40239 polymorphisms. Results: MET T1010I CT genotype was associated with increased risk of TNBC in both univariate and multivariate analysis. The status of rs40239 was not associated with a higher risk for TNBC at either the univariate or the multivariate analysis. None of the examined polymorphisms was associated with overall survival at the univariate or multivariate Cox regression analysis (adjusted HR=1.35, 95% CI: 0.31–5.97 for MET T1010I CT/TT vs CC; adjusted HR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.73–4.35 for rs40239 AG/GG vs AA). Conclusion: Our case–control study suggests that MET T1010I seems to be a risk factor for TNBC in the Caucasian Greek population, in contrast with MET rs40239, where no correlation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine and Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Tsiakou
- First Department of Dermatology, Syggros Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine and Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine Dimitrakakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Marinopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Giannos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutic, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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Liu S, Li S, Wang B, Liu W, Gagea M, Chen H, Sohn J, Parinyanitikul N, Primeau T, Do KA, Vande Woude GF, Mendelsohn J, Ueno NT, Mills GB, Tripathy D, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Cooperative Effect of Oncogenic MET and PIK3CA in an HGF-Dominant Environment in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:399-412. [PMID: 30518672 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that oncogenic MET and PIK3CA signaling pathways contribute to breast cancer. However, the activity of pharmacologic targeting of either pathway is modest. Mechanisms of resistance to these monotherapies have not been clarified. Currently, commonly used mouse models are inadequate for studying the HGF-MET axis because mouse HGF does not bind human MET. We established human HGF-MET paired mouse models. In this study, we evaluated the cooperative effects of MET and PIK3CA in an environment with involvement of human HGF in vivo Oncogenic MET/PIK3CA synergistically induced aggressive behavior and resistance to each targeted therapy in an HGF-paracrine environment. Combined targeting of MET and PI3K abrogates resistance. Associated cell signaling changes were explored by functional proteomics. Consistently, combined targeting of MET and PI3K inhibited activation of associated oncogenic pathways. We also evaluated the response of tumor cells to HGF stimulation using breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). HGF stimulation induced significant phosphorylation of MET for all PDX lines detected to varying degrees. However, the levels of phosphorylated MET are not correlated with its expression, suggesting that MET expression level cannot be used as a sole criterion to recruit patients to clinical trials for MET-targeted therapy. Altogether, our data suggest that combined targeting of MET and PI3K could be a potential clinical strategy for breast cancer patients, where phosphorylated MET and PIK3CA mutation status would be biomarkers for selecting patients who are most likely to derive benefit from these cotargeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Liu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Section of Breast Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bailiang Wang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Napa Parinyanitikul
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tina Primeau
- Section of Breast Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - John Mendelsohn
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ana M Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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30
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Liu G, Wang B, Li S, Jin Q, Dai Y. Human breast cancer decellularized scaffolds promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions and stemness of breast cancer cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9447-9456. [PMID: 30478896 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, with unsatisfactory survival rates, is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Recent advances in the genetic basis of breast cancer have benefitted the development of gene-based medicines and therapies. Tissue engineering technologies, including tissue decellularizations and reconstructions, are potential therapeutic alternatives for cancer research and tissue regeneration. In our study, human breast cancer biopsies were decellularized by a detergent technique, with sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) solution, for the first time. And the decellularization process was optimized to maximally maintain tissue microarchitectures and extracellular matrix (ECM) components with minimal DNA compounds preserved. Histology analysis and DNA quantification results confirmed the decellularization effect with maximal genetic compounds removal. Quantification, immunofluorescence, and histology analyses demonstrated better preservation of ECM components in 0.5% SLES-treated scaffolds. Scaffolds seeded with MCF-7 cells demonstrated the process of cell recellularization in vitro, with increased cell migration, proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. When treated with 5-fluorouracil, the expressions of stem cell markers, including Oct4, Sox2, and CD49F, were maximally maintained in the recellularized scaffold with decreased apoptosis rates compared with monolayer cells. These results showed that the decellularized breast scaffold model with SLES treatments would help to simulate the pathogenesis of breast cancer in vitro. And we hope that this model could further accelerate the development of effective therapies for breast cancer and benefit drug screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shubin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathlogy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of life science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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31
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Frazier NM, Brand T, Gordan JD, Grandis J, Jura N. Overexpression-mediated activation of MET in the Golgi promotes HER3/ERBB3 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2018; 38:1936-1950. [PMID: 30390071 PMCID: PMC6417953 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent oligomerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) results in their activation through highly specific conformational changes in the extracellular and intracellular receptor domains. These conformational changes are unique for each RTK sub-family, limiting cross-activation between unrelated RTKs. The proto-oncogene MET receptor tyrosine kinase overcomes these structural constraints and phosphorylates unrelated RTKs in numerous cancer cell lines. The molecular basis for these interactions is unknown. We investigated the mechanism by which MET phosphorylates the human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER3 or ERBB3), a catalytically impaired RTK whose phosphorylation by MET has been described as an essential component of drug resistance to inhibitors targeting EGFR and HER2. We find that in untransformed cells, HER3 is not phosphorylated by MET in response to ligand stimulation, but rather to increasing levels of MET expression, which results in MET activation in a ligand-independent manner. Phosphorylation of HER3 by its canonical dimerization partners, EGFR and HER2, is achieved by engaging an allosteric site on the HER3 kinase domain, but this site is not required when HER3 is phosphorylated by MET. We also observe that HER3 preferentially interacts with MET during its maturation along the secretory pathway, before MET is post-translationally processed by cleavage within its extracellular domain. This results in accumulation of phosphorylated HER3 in the Golgi apparatus. We further show that in addition to HER3, MET phosphorylates other RTKs in the Golgi, suggesting that this mechanism is not limited to HER3 phosphorylation. These data demonstrate a link between MET overexpression and its aberrant activation in the Golgi endomembranes and suggest that non-canonical interactions between MET and unrelated RTKs occur during maturation of receptors. Our study highlights a novel aspect of MET signaling in cancer that would not be accessible to inhibition by therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Michael Frazier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Toni Brand
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94113, USA
| | - John D Gordan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology - University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94113, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Kim JH, Jang HJ, Kim HS, Kim BJ, Park SH. Prognostic impact of high c-Met expression in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:3427-3434. [PMID: 30310499 PMCID: PMC6171012 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High c-Met expression has been observed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, its clinicopathological impacts remain controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic significance of c-Met overexpression in patients with EOC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, and Google scholar (up to April 2018) was carried out. From seven studies, 568 patients with EOC were included in the meta-analysis. Although there was no statistical significance, EOCs with c-Met overexpression tended to show higher FIGO stage (III-IV) (odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-5.53, p = 0.10) and higher rate of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 3.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.85-10.98, p = 0.09), compared with tumors with low c-Met expression. In terms of prognosis, patients with c-Met-high EOC showed significantly worse survival than those with c-Met-low tumor (hazard ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.51-2.94, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that high c-Met expression represents an adverse prognostic marker for patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Constantinou C, Papadopoulos S, Karyda E, Alexopoulos A, Agnanti N, Batistatou A, Harisis H. Expression and Clinical Significance of Claudin-7, PDL-1, PTEN, c-Kit, c-Met, c-Myc, ALK, CK5/6, CK17, p53, EGFR, Ki67, p63 in Triple-negative Breast Cancer-A Single Centre Prospective Observational Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:303-311. [PMID: 29475913 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To explore the relationship between p53, p63, c-kit, Ki67, cMet, claudin7, CK5/6, CK17, AR, PTEN, EGFR, ALK, PDL-1 and c-MYC expression with the clinicopathological features of triple- negative breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed in 84 triple-negative breast cancer samples. RESULTS A statistically significant relationship between tumour grade and claudin-7 (p=0.004) and between protein p53 and positive lymph nodes (p=0.015) was found. High expression of claudin-7 (OR=65.8, 95%CI=4.35-995.19, p-value=0.003) and low expression of c-kit (OR=0.14, 95%CI=0.025-0.793, p-value=0.026) and protein p63 (OR=0.18 95%CI=0.035-0.978, p-value=0.047) was associated with higher tumour grade. Higher AR expression (OR=13.44, 95%CI=1.28-141.56, p-value=0.031) and lower expression of CK5/6 cytokeratins was found in patients with positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR=0.072, 95%CI=0.007-0.732, p-value=0.026). Only the cell proliferation index (Ki67) has been proven to be statistically significant for disease-free survival (p-value=0.0378), and overall survival (p-value=0.0186). CONCLUSION High expression of claudin-7 and low expression of c-kit and protein p63 are associated with higher tumour grade. AR and CK5/6 expression seem to be important in LVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Constantinou
- Breast Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. .,Breast Unit, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Niki Agnanti
- Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Haris Harisis
- Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Wu N, Zhang J, Zhao J, Mu K, Zhang J, Jin Z, Yu J, Liu J. Precision medicine based on tumorigenic signaling pathways for triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4984-4996. [PMID: 30250564 PMCID: PMC6144355 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a clinically heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor clinical outcome and a high relapse rate. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective treatments for patients with TNBC. However, the prognosis of TNBC remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, a large volume of research has explored the molecular markers and oncogenic signaling pathways associated with TNBC, including the cell cycle, DNA damage response and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways, to identify more efficient targeted therapies. However, whether these predicted pathways are effective targets has yet to be confirmed. In the present review, potentially carcinogenic signaling pathways in TNBCs from previous reports were considered, and ultimately five tumorigenic signaling pathways were selected, specifically receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream signaling pathways, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and associated pathways, the immunoregulatory tumor microenvironment, DNA damage repair pathways, and AR and coordinating pathways. The conclusions of the preclinical and clinical trials of each pathway were then consolidated. Although a number of signaling pathways in TNBC have been considered in preclinical and clinical trials, the aforementioned pathways account for the majority of the malignant behaviors of TNBC. Identifying the alterations to different carcinogenic signaling pathways and their association with the heterogeneity of TNBC may facilitate the development of optimal precision medical approaches for patients with TNBC, potentially improving the efficiency of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Department of Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Biotherapy Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, North China Petroleum Hospital, Renqiu, Hebei 062552, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Wang M, Liang L, Lei X, Multani A, Meric-Bernstam F, Tripathy D, Wu Y, Chen H, Zhang H. Evaluation of cMET aberration by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in triple negative breast cancers. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 35:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Moore-Smith L, Forero-Torres A, Stringer-Reasor E. Future Developments in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Surg Clin North Am 2018; 98:773-785. [PMID: 30005773 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. In general, advances in targeted treatment for breast cancer have improved over the last twenty years, except in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. TNBC is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options as compared to hormone positive breast cancers. Recently, genomic profiling of TNBC shows promise in aiding clinicians to develop personalized targeted agents. Prioritizing novel molecular-based therapies in the neoadjuvant setting may help investigators understand mechanisms of resistance and ultimately improve patient outcomes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakisha Moore-Smith
- Department of Medicine, Brookwood Baptist Health - Princeton, 833 Princeton Avenue, POB III Suite 200, Birmingham, AL 35211-1311, USA
| | - Andres Forero-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, NP 2517, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA
| | - Erica Stringer-Reasor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, NP 2501, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA.
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37
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Souid S, Elsayed HE, Ebrahim HY, Mohyeldin MM, Siddique AB, Karoui H, El Sayed KA, Essafi-Benkhadir K. 13 1 -Oxophorbine protopheophorbide A from Ziziphus lotus as a novel mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor receptor inhibitory lead for the control of breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1507-1524. [PMID: 29978911 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The failure of chemotherapy especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has been correlated with the overexpression of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) receptor. Thus, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling axis has gained considerable attention as a valid molecular target for breast cancer therapy. This study reports for the first time the discovery of the 131 -oxophorbines pheophorbide A and protopheophorbide A along with chlorophyllide A from Ziziphus lotus, an edible typical Tunisian plant, as the potent antiproliferative compounds against the human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Compared to other compounds, protopheophorbide A exerted the highest light-independent antiproliferative effect against the metastatic TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 6.5 μM). In silico, this compound targeted the kinase domain of multiple c-Met crystal structures. It potently inhibited the kinase domain phosphorylation of wild and mutant c-Met in Z-LYTE kinase assay. Protopheophorbide A inhibited HGF-induced downstream c-Met-dependent cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and migration through RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathways modulation, ROS generation and activation of JNK and p38 pathways. Interestingly, this compound impaired the ability of the MDA-MB-231 cells to adhere at different extracellular matrix proteins by reducing the HGF-induced expression of integrins αv, β3, α2, and β1. Moreover, protopheophorbide A exhibited anti-migratory properties (IC50 = 2.2 μM) through impacting the expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin, FAK, Brk, Rac, and Src proteins. Importantly, treatment with protopheophorbide A significantly inhibited the MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo. Our results suggest that protopheophorbide A could be a novel c-Met inhibitory lead with promise to control c-Met/HGF-dependent breast malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Souid
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04, LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Habib Karoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04, LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04, LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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38
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Gao HF, Yang CQ, Cheng MY, Zhu T, Yang M, Zhang LL, Wang K. Prognostic Significance of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e961-e966. [PMID: 29880407 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognostic value of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) remains controversial. A meta-analysis of the impact of MET in TNBCs was performed by searching published data. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for eligible literature. The principal outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrence-free survival or overall survival according to MET expression. Combined HRs were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models according to heterogeneity. RESULTS Six studies involving 785 patients met our selection criteria. The meta-analysis results showed that MET overexpression was associated with a 1.29-fold increased risk of recurrence (combined HR 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.60; P = .020) in the TNBCs. Three studies provided the related overall survival data (488 cases). The results showed that MET overexpression was associated with a 1.38-fold increased risk of mortality (HR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.76; P = .009). CONCLUSION MET is an adverse prognostic marker for TNBCs. The results strengthen the rationale for targeted therapy of TNBCs using MET inhibitors in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Gao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ci-Qiu Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yi Cheng
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Zhu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Veenstra C, Pérez-Tenorio G, Stelling A, Karlsson E, Mirwani SM, Nordensköljd B, Fornander T, Stål O. Met and its ligand HGF are associated with clinical outcome in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37145-37159. [PMID: 27175600 PMCID: PMC5095065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few biomarkers exist to predict radiotherapy response in breast cancer. In vitro studies suggest a role for Met and its ligand HGF. To study this suggested role, MET and HGF gene copy numbers were determined by droplet digital PCR in tumours from 205 pre-menopausal and 184 post-menopausal patients, both cohorts randomised to receive either chemo- or radiotherapy. MET amplification was found in 8% of the patients in both cohorts and HGF amplification in 7% and 6% of the patients in the pre- and post-menopausal cohort, respectively. Met, phosphorylated Met (pMet), and HGF protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in the pre-menopausal cohort. Met, pMet, and HGF was expressed in 33%, 53%, and 49% of the tumours, respectively. MET amplification was associated with increased risk of distant recurrence for patients receiving chemotherapy. For the pre-menopausal patients, expression of cytoplasmic pMet and HGF significantly predicted benefit from radiotherapy in terms of loco-regional recurrence. Similar trends were seen for MET and HGF copy gain. In the post-menopausal cohort, no significant association of benefit from radiotherapy with neither genes nor proteins was found. The present results do not support that inhibition of Met prior to radiotherapy would be favourable for pre-menopausal breast cancer, as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Veenstra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Stelling
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elin Karlsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sanam Mirwani Mirwani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Nordensköljd
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Fornander
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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40
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Ayoub NM, Al-Shami KM, Alqudah MA, Mhaidat NM. Crizotinib, a MET inhibitor, inhibits growth, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and synergizes with chemotherapeutic agents. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4869-4883. [PMID: 29042798 PMCID: PMC5634371 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s148604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase known for its pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis. Dysregulations of MET expression and/or signaling have been reported and determined to be associated with inferior outcomes in breast cancer patients rendering MET a versatile candidate for targeted therapeutic intervention. Crizotinib is a multi-targeted small-molecule kinase inhibitor for MET, ALK, and ROS1 kinases. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects of crizotinib in breast cancer cells in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. In vitro wound-healing assay was used to examine the effect of crizotinib on breast cancer cell migration. The expressions of Ki-67, MET, and phospho-MET receptors were characterized using immunofluorescence staining. Results showed that crizotinib has significant anti-proliferative activity on all mammary tumor cells with IC50 values of 5.16, 1.5, and 3.85 µM in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 cells, respectively. Crizotinib induced cytotoxic effects in all breast cancer cells examined. Combined treatment of small dose of crizotinib with paclitaxel or doxorubicin exhibited a highly synergistic inhibition of growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with combination index values <1 while no significant effect was observed in SK-BR-3 cells compared with individual compounds. Treatment with crizotinib demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the expression of Ki-67 protein in all 3 tested cell lines. Crizotinib inhibited migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Crizotinib reduced MET receptor activation in MDA-MB-231 cells when treated at effective concentrations. In conclusion, crizotinib suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. The results of this study demonstrated that combined treatment of crizotinib with chemotherapeutic agents resulted in a synergistic growth inhibition of specific breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kamal M Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nizar M Mhaidat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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41
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Kim JH, Kim BJ, Kim HS. Clinicopathological impacts of high c-Met expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113120-113128. [PMID: 29348891 PMCID: PMC5762576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High c-Met expression has been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its clinicopathological impact remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic impacts of c-Met overexpression in patients with HNSCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From 16 studies, 1,948 patients with HNSCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with HNSCCs showing low c-Met expression, tumors with high c-Met expression were significantly associated with higher rate of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.27–4.69, P < 0.00001) and higher T stage (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03–1.71, P = 0.03). In addition, patients with c-Met-high HNSCC showed significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04–2.14, P = 0.03) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.60, P = 0.0007) than those with c-Met-low tumor. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that high c-Met expression is significantly associated with worse pathological features and prognosis, indicating c-Met overexpression is an adverse prognostic marker for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ. MET inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75500-75508. [PMID: 29088885 PMCID: PMC5650440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations of MET have been detected in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, survival benefit of MET inhibitors remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the survival benefit of MET inhibitors combined with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) or standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From seven studies, 2,577 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients who received an additional MET inhibitor did not show significantly improved progression-free survival (hazard ration (HR) = 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–1.08], P = 0.33) and overall survival (HR = 1.0 [95% CI: 0.90–1.11], P = 0.97). In the subgroup analysis, patients with MET-high NSCLC tended to show longer survival when treated with an additional MET inhibitor than those in the placebo group (HR = 0.76, [95% CI: 0.58–1.01], P = 0.06). In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that the addition of a MET inhibitor to an EGFR TKI or chemotherapy has no survival benefit over placebo in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Although patients with MET-high tumor tended to show better survival, further studies to explore more specific biomarkers are warranted to identify ideal candidates for MET inhibitors in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam 13574, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kim BJ, Kim HS. Clinicopathological impacts of high c-Met expression in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75478-75487. [PMID: 29088883 PMCID: PMC5650438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met overexpression has been observed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, its clinicopathological impacts remain uncertain. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the pathologic and prognostic impacts of high c-Met expression in patients with RCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases PubMed and Embase was performed. From 12 studies, 1,724 patients with RCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with RCCs showing low c-Met expression, tumors with high c-Met expression showed significantly higher nuclear grade (odds ratio = 2.45 [95% CI: 1.43-4.19], P = 0.001) and pT stage (odds ratio = 2.18 [95% CI: 1.27-3.72], P = 0.005). In addition, patients with c-Met-high RCC showed significantly worse overall survival than those with c-Met-low tumor (hazard ratio = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.12-1.56], P = 0.0009). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that high c-Met expression correlate with significantly worse pathological features and overall survival, indicating c-Met overexpression is a potential adverse prognostic marker for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam 13574, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ, Lee J, Jang HJ. Prognostic value of c-Met overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73098-73104. [PMID: 29069852 PMCID: PMC5641195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of c-Met protein has been detected in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). However, its prognostic impact remains unclear. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of c-Met overexpression in PAC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar was carried out. From 5 studies, 423 patients who underwent surgical resection for PAC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients with PAC showing low c-Met expression, patients with c-Met-high tumor had significantly worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.94 [95% confidence interval, 1.46–2.56], P = 0.00001) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.86 [95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.91], P = 0.006). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that c-Met overexpression is a significant prognostic marker for poor survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam 13574, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasung 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred-Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasung 18450, Republic of Korea
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Prognostic value of c-Met overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90351-90357. [PMID: 29163834 PMCID: PMC5685755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of c-Met protein has been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its prognostic impact remains uncertain. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of c-Met overexpression in patients who underwent curative surgical resection for HCC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases was carried out. From 5 studies, 1,408 patients who underwent surgical resection for HCC were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with patients with HCC having low c-Met expression, patients with c-Met-high tumor showed significantly worse relapse-free survival (hazard ratio = 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.56], P = 0.03) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.31], P = 0.01). In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that c-Met overexpression is a significant adverse prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for HCC.
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Chen AH, Qin YE, Tang WF, Tao J, Song HM, Zuo M. MiR-34a and miR-206 act as novel prognostic and therapy biomarkers in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28615991 PMCID: PMC5466768 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence indicated that the aberrant expression of microRNA plays a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. The overall shorter survival was strongly related to the abnormal expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-206 (miR-206), which target B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl2) and c-Met. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway is related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of cervical cancer, and c-Met is significantly overexpressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Bcl2 is also considered to be a promising target for developing novel anticancer treatments. Methods In this study, we detect the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 in the cervical cancer tissue through quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, and the expression of Bcl2 and c-Met from cervical cancer tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were down-regulated in the cervical cancer tissue through qRT-PCR assay. As target genes of miR-34a and miR-206, Bcl2 and c-Met were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues through qRT-PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank analysis revealed that down-regulated expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were strongly related to shorter overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for all variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis demonstrated that miR-34a (P = 0.038) and miR-206 (P = 0.008) might be independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients suffering from cervical cancer. Conclusions The up-regulation of Bcl2 and c-Met promotes the cervical cancer’s progress, and the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 significantly correlated with the progression and prognosis in cervical cancer. All of these suggested that miR-34a and miR-206 might be the novel prognostic and therapy tools in cervical cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0431-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Yu-E Qin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Wen-Fan Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Hua-Mei Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
| | - Manzhen Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China, China Three Gorges University, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000 China
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Zhao X, Qu J, Hui Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Yang Q, Wang F, Zhang S. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of c-Met overexpression in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56758-56767. [PMID: 28915628 PMCID: PMC5593599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Met has been shown to promote organ development and cancer progression in many cancers. However, clinicopathological and prognostic value of c-Met in breast cancer remains elusive. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible studies. Correlation of c-Met overexpression with survival data and clinicopathological features was analyzed by using hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and fixed-effect or random-effect model according to heterogeneity. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS 32 studies with 8281 patients were analyzed in total. The c-Met overexpression was related to poor OS (overall survival) (HR=1.65 (1.328, 2.051)) of 18 studies with 4751 patients and poor RFS/DFS (relapse/disease free survival) (HR=1.53 (1.20, 1.95)) of 12 studies with 3598 patients. Subgroup analysis according to data source/methods/ethnicity showed c-Met overexpression was related to worse OS and RFS/DFS in Given by author group, all methods group and non-Asian group respectively. Besides, c-Met overexpression was associated with large tumor size, high histologic grade and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that c-Met overexpression was connected with poor survival rates and malignant activities of cancer, including proliferation, migration and invasion, which highlighted the potential of c-Met as significant candidate biomarker to identify patients with breast cancer at high risk of tumor death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Hui
- The School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Feidi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Li W, Hu M, Wang C, Lu H, Chen F, Xu J, Shang Y, Wang F, Qin J, Yan Q, Krueger BJ, Renne R, Gao SJ, Lu C. A viral microRNA downregulates metastasis suppressor CD82 and induces cell invasion and angiogenesis by activating the c-Met signaling. Oncogene 2017; 36:5407-5420. [PMID: 28534512 PMCID: PMC5608636 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy etiologically caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is a highly disseminated and vascularized tumor comprised of poorly differentiated spindle-shaped endothelial cells. KSHV encodes 12 pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) that yield 25 mature miRNAs, but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor dissemination and angiogenesis remain largely unknown. KSHV-encoded miR-K12-6 (miR-K6) can produce two mature miRNAs, miR-K6-3p and miR-K6-5p. Recently, we have shown that miR-K6-3p promoted cell migration and angiogenesis by directly targeting SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein (SH3BGR) (PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(4):e1005605). Here, by using mass spectrometry, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we showed that miR-K6-5p directly targeted the coding sequence (CDS) of CD82 molecule (CD82), a metastasis suppressor. Ectopic expression of miR-K6-5p specifically inhibited the expression of endogenous CD82 and strongly promoted endothelial cells invasion in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Overexpression of CD82 significantly inhibited cell invasion and angiogenesis induced by miR-K6-5p. Mechanistically, CD82 directly interacted with c-Met to inhibit its activation. MiR-K6-5p directly repressed CD82, relieving its inhibition on c-Met activation and inducing cell invasion and angiogenesis. Deletion of miR-K6 from KSHV genome abrogated KSHV suppression of CD82 resulting in compromised KSHV activation of c-Met pathway, and KSHV-induced invasion and angiogenesis. In conclusion, these results show that by inhibiting CD82, KSHV miR-K6-5p promotes cell invasion and angiogenesis by activating the c-Met pathway. Our findings illustrate that KSHV miRNAs may play an essential role in the dissemination and angiogenesis of KSHV-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - B J Krueger
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S-J Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhao XB, Ren GS. LncRNA Taurine-Upregulated Gene 1 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Inhibiting MicroRNA-9 in MCF-7 Cells. J Breast Cancer 2016; 19:349-357. [PMID: 28053623 PMCID: PMC5204041 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2016.19.4.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to investigate the role of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of microRNA-9 (miR-9). Methods The expression of TUG1 in breast cancer tissues and cells was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the relationship between TUG1 and miR-9. The expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) was measured by western blot. Results Higher expression of TUG1 was observed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines than in the corresponding controls. TUG1 knockdown reduced proliferation, suppressed cell cycle progression, and promoted apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TUG1 could negatively regulate the expression of miR-9. MiR-9 inhibition abrogated the effect of TUG1 knockdown on the proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. TUG1 positively regulated the expression of MTHFD2 in breast cancer cells. Conclusion TUG1 knockdown was significantly associated with decreased cell proliferation and it promoted apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the regulation of miR-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.; Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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50
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Zhao XB, Ren GS. WITHDRAWN: LncRNA TUG1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation via inhibiting miR-9. Cancer Biomark 2016:CBM669. [PMID: 27791993 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan chong, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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