Angiogenesis in mammary Paget disease: histopathological analyses of blood vessel density and angiogenic factors

Mammary Paget's Disease of Young Females: Case Reports and Comparison With Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients

Purpose

Mammary Paget's disease (PD) in young women has seldom been reported. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge of the clinicopathological characteristics in young patients with PD to provide a basis for the precise treatment of young patients.

Methods

The medical records and pathological slides of 8 young patients (younger than 40 years old) with PD were reviewed. The data of 20 patients over 40 years old within the same period were used as controls.

Results

The average age was 32.00 ± 3.96 years for the young patient group, with the youngest aged 27 years. The first symptom, physical examination, Paget cell morphology, and immunohistochemical marks were the same in different age groups. But young patients have varied tumor distribution patterns, fewer interstitial inflammatory cells, and advanced pathological local lymphatic metastasis than older patients in the same period.

Conclusions

PD in young women has unique histopathological features. These manifestations seem to provide personalized treatment for PD treatment in young patients. More research is needed to clarify the significance of this research.

Changes in Cell Biology under the Influence of Low-Level Laser Therapy

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become an important part of the therapeutic process in various diseases. However, despite the broad use of LLLT in everyday clinical practice, the full impact of LLLT on cell life processes has not been fully understood. This paper presents the current state of knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action of LLLT on cells. A better understanding of the molecular processes occurring within the cell after laser irradiation may result in introducing numerous novel clinical applications of LLLT and potentially increases the safety profile of this therapy.