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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Asfour T, Zhou Z, Flauzino JMR, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Plant-on-a-chip: continuous, soilless electrochemical monitoring of salt uptake and tolerance among different genotypes of tomato. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:799-808. [PMID: 38766392 PMCID: PMC11097007 DOI: 10.1039/d4sd00065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), a high-value crop, exhibit a unique relationship with salt, where increased levels of NaCl can enhance flavor, aroma and nutritional quality but can cause oxidative damage and reduce yields. A drive for larger, better-looking tomatoes has reduced the importance of salt sensitivity, a concern considering that the sodium content of agricultural land is increasing over time. Currently, there are no simple ways of comparing salt tolerance between plants, where a holistic approach looking at [Na+] throughout the plant typically involves destructive, single time point measurements or expensive imaging techniques. Finding methods that collect rapid information in real time could improve the understanding of salt resistance in the field. Here we investigate the uptake of NaCl by tomatoes using TETRIS (Time-resolved Electrochemical Technology for plant Root environment In situ chemical Sensing), a platform used to measure chemical signals in the root area of living plants. Low-cost, screen-printed electrochemical sensors were used to measure changes in salt concentration via electrical impedance measurements, facilitating the monitoring of the uptake of ions by roots. We not only demonstrated differences in the rate of uptake of NaCl between tomato seedlings under different growth conditions, but also showed differences in uptake between varieties of tomato with different NaCl sensitivities and the relatively salt-resistant "wild tomato" (Solanum pimpinellifolium) sister species. Our results suggest that TETRIS could be used to ascertain physiological traits of salt resistance found in adult plants but at the seedling stage of growth. This extrapolation, and the possibility to multiplex and change sensor configuration, could enable high-throughput screening of many hundreds or thousands of mutants or varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - José M R Flauzino
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines SW7 2AZ London UK
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Hinz C, Jahnke S, Metzner R, Pflugfelder D, Scheins J, Streun M, Koller R. Setup and characterisation according to NEMA NU 4 of the phenoPET scanner, a PET system dedicated for plant sciences. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055019. [PMID: 38271724 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad22a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective.ThephenoPET system is a plant dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) scanner consisting of fully digital photo multipliers with lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystals and located inside a custom climate chamber. Here, we present the setup ofphenoPET, its data processing and image reconstruction together with its performance.Approach.The performance characterization follows the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) standard for small animal PET systems with a number of adoptions due to the vertical oriented bore of a PET for plant sciences. In addition temperature stability and spatial resolution with a hot rod phantom are addressed.Main results.The spatial resolution for a22Na point source at a radial distance of 5 mm to the center of the field-of-view (FOV) is 1.45 mm, 0.82 mm and 1.88 mm with filtered back projection in radial, tangential and axial direction, respectively. A hot rod phantom with18F gives a spatial resolution of up to 1.6 mm. The peak noise-equivalent count rates are 550 kcps @ 35.08 MBq, 308 kcps @ 33 MBq and 45 kcps @ 40.60 MBq for the mouse, rat and monkey size scatter phantoms, respectively. The scatter fractions for these phantoms are 12.63%, 22.64% and 55.90%. We observe a peak sensitivity of up to 3.6% and a total sensitivity of up toSA,tot= 2.17%. For the NEMA image quality phantom we observe a uniformity of %STD= 4.22% with ordinary Poisson maximum likelihood expectation-maximization with 52 iterations. Here, recovery coefficients of 0.12, 0.64, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.91 for 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm rods are obtained and spill-over ratios of 0.08 and 0.14 for the water-filled and air-filled inserts, respectively.Significance.ThephenoPET and its laboratory are now in routine operation for the administration of [11C]CO2and non-invasive measurement of transport and allocation of11C-labelled photoassimilates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Hinz
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Metzner
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Pflugfelder
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheins
- INM-4: Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias Streun
- ZEA-2: Electronic Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Naik A, Asfour T, Collins ASP, Olenik S, Zhou Z, Gonzalez-Macia L, Chao DY, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Time-resolved chemical monitoring of whole plant roots with printed electrochemical sensors and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj6315. [PMID: 38295162 PMCID: PMC10830104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single-point measurements fail to capture dynamic chemical responses of plants, which are complex, nonequilibrium biological systems. We report TETRIS (time-resolved electrochemical technology for plant root environment in situ chemical sensing), a real-time chemical phenotyping system for continuously monitoring chemical signals in the often-neglected plant root environment. TETRIS consisted of low-cost, highly scalable screen-printed electrochemical sensors for monitoring concentrations of salt, pH, and H2O2 in the root environment of whole plants, where multiplexing allowed for parallel sensing operation. TETRIS was used to measure ion uptake in tomato, kale, and rice and detected differences between nutrient and heavy metal ion uptake. Modulation of ion uptake with ion channel blocker LaCl3 was monitored by TETRIS and machine learning used to predict ion uptake. TETRIS has the potential to overcome the urgent "bottleneck" in high-throughput screening in producing high-yielding plant varieties with improved resistance against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Atharv Naik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Alex Silva-Pinto Collins
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Selin Olenik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
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Lu Y, Fricke W. Diurnal changes in apoplast bypass flow of water and ions in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13955. [PMID: 37323067 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to quantify the contribution of apoplastic bypass flow to the uptake of water and salt across the root cylinder of wheat and barley during day and night. Plants were grown on hydroponics until they were 14-17 days old and then analysed over a single day (16 h) or night (8 h) period while being exposed to different concentrations of NaCl (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). Exposure to salt started just before the experiment (short-term stress) or had started 6d before (longer-term stress). Bypass flow was quantified using the apoplastic tracer dye 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenesulphonic acid (PTS). The percent contribution of bypass flow to root water uptake increased in response to salt stress and during the night and amounted to up to 4.4%. Bypass flow across the root cylinder of Na+ and Cl- made up 2%-12% of the net delivery of these ions to the shoot; this percentage changed little (wheat) or decreased (barley) during the night. Changes in the contribution of bypass flow to the net uptake of water, Na+ and Cl- in response to salt stress and day/night are the combined result of changes in xylem tension, the contribution of alternative cell-to-cell flow path and the requirement to generate xylem osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Abstract
Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time-dependent signals. In this article, we critically review the advances in continuous monitoring of chemical signals in living plants under stress. We discuss methods for sustained measurement of the most important chemical species, including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules and radicals. We examine analytical and modelling approaches currently used to identify and predict stress in plants. We also explore how the methods discussed can be used for applications beyond a research laboratory, in agricultural settings. Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the continuous monitoring of chemical signals in plants.
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Cha JY, Kim J, Jeong SY, Shin GI, Ji MG, Hwang JW, Khaleda L, Liao X, Ahn G, Park HJ, Kim DY, Pardo JM, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Somers DE, Kim WY. The Na +/H + antiporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 regulates salt compensation of circadian rhythms by stabilizing GIGANTEA in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207275119. [PMID: 35939685 PMCID: PMC9388102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207275119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a timekeeping, homeostatic system that temporally coordinates all major cellular processes. The function of the circadian clock is compensated in the face of variable environmental conditions ranging from normal to stress-inducing conditions. Salinity is a critical environmental factor affecting plant growth, and plants have evolved the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE (SOS) pathway to acquire halotolerance. However, the regulatory systems for clock compensation under salinity are unclear. Here, we show that the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 specifically functions as a salt-specific circadian clock regulator via GIGANTEA (GI) in Arabidopsis thaliana. SOS1 directly interacts with GI in a salt-dependent manner and stabilizes this protein to sustain a proper clock period under salinity conditions. SOS1 function in circadian clock regulation requires the salt-mediated secondary messengers cytosolic free calcium and reactive oxygen species, pointing to a distinct regulatory role for SOS1 in addition to its function as a transporter to maintain Na+ homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that SOS1 maintains homeostasis of the salt response under high or daily fluctuating salt levels. These findings highlight the genetic capacity of the circadian clock to maintain timekeeping activity over a broad range of salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Faculty of Science Education and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Ji
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Laila Khaleda
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueji Liao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongik Ahn
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - David E. Somers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Al-Tamimi N, Langan P, Bernád V, Walsh J, Mangina E, Negrão S. Capturing crop adaptation to abiotic stress using image-based technologies. Open Biol 2022; 12:210353. [PMID: 35728624 PMCID: PMC9213114 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmers and breeders aim to improve crop responses to abiotic stresses and secure yield under adverse environmental conditions. To achieve this goal and select the most resilient genotypes, plant breeders and researchers rely on phenotyping to quantify crop responses to abiotic stress. Recent advances in imaging technologies allow researchers to collect physiological data non-destructively and throughout time, making it possible to dissect complex plant responses into quantifiable traits. The use of image-based technologies enables the quantification of crop responses to stress in both controlled environmental conditions and field trials. This paper summarizes phenotyping imaging technologies (RGB, multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, among others) that have been used to assess different abiotic stresses including salinity, drought and nitrogen deficiency, while discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We present a detailed review of traits involved in abiotic tolerance, which have been quantified by a range of imaging sensors under high-throughput phenotyping facilities or using unmanned aerial vehicles in the field. We also provide an up-to-date compilation of spectral tolerance indices and discuss the progress and challenges in machine learning, including supervised and unsupervised models as well as deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Tamimi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Langan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Villő Bernád
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason Walsh
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleni Mangina
- School of Computer Science and UCD Energy Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sónia Negrão
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Higuchi K, Kurita K, Sakai T, Suzui N, Sasaki M, Katori M, Wakabayashi Y, Majima Y, Saito A, Ohyama T, Kawachi N. "Live-Autoradiography" Technique Reveals Genetic Variation in the Rate of Fe Uptake by Barley Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060817. [PMID: 35336699 PMCID: PMC8956111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element in plants; however, the available Fe in soil solution does not always satisfy the demand of plants. Genetic diversity in the rate of Fe uptake by plants has not been broadly surveyed among plant species or genotypes, although plants have developed various Fe acquisition mechanisms. The "live-autoradiography" technique with radioactive 59Fe was adopted to directly evaluate the uptake rate of Fe by barley cultivars from a nutrient solution containing a very low concentration of Fe. The uptake rate of Fe measured by live autoradiography was consistent with the accumulation of Fe-containing proteins on the thylakoid membrane. The results revealed that the ability to acquire Fe from the low-Fe solution was not always the sole determinant of tolerance to Fe deficiency among barley genotypes. The live-autoradiography system visualizes the distribution of β-ray-emitting nuclides and has flexibility in the shape of the field of view. This technique will strongly support phenotyping with regard to the long-distance transport of nutrient elements in the plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Higuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-354772315
| | - Keisuke Kurita
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Takuro Sakai
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Nobuo Suzui
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (N.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Minori Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Maya Katori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuna Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuta Majima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Akihiro Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuji Ohyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry in Plant Productivity, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (M.S.); (M.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.M.); (A.S.); (T.O.)
| | - Naoki Kawachi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (N.S.); (N.K.)
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Metzner R, Chlubek A, Bühler J, Pflugfelder D, Schurr U, Huber G, Koller R, Jahnke S. In Vivo Imaging and Quantification of Carbon Tracer Dynamics in Nodulated Root Systems of Pea Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050632. [PMID: 35270102 PMCID: PMC8912644 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Legumes associate with root colonizing rhizobia that provide fixed nitrogen to its plant host in exchange for recently fixed carbon. There is a lack of understanding of how individual plants modulate carbon allocation to a nodulated root system as a dynamic response to abiotic stimuli. One reason is that most approaches are based on destructive sampling, making quantification of localised carbon allocation dynamics in the root system difficult. We established an experimental workflow for routinely using non-invasive Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to follow the allocation of leaf-supplied 11C tracer towards individual nodules in a three-dimensional (3D) root system of pea (Pisum sativum). Nitrate was used for triggering a reduction of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which was expected to rapidly affect carbon allocation dynamics in the root-nodule system. The nitrate treatment led to a decrease in 11C tracer allocation to nodules by 40% to 47% in 5 treated plants while the variation in control plants was less than 11%. The established experimental pipeline enabled for the first time that several plants could consistently be labelled and measured using 11C tracers in a PET approach to quantify C-allocation to individual nodules following a BNF reduction. Our study demonstrates the strength of using 11C tracers in a PET approach for non-invasive quantification of dynamic carbon allocation in several growing plants over several days. A major advantage of the approach is the possibility to investigate carbon dynamics in small regions of interest in a 3D system such as nodules in comparison to whole plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Metzner
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-24-6161-3256
| | - Antonia Chlubek
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Jonas Bühler
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Daniel Pflugfelder
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Gregor Huber
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Robert Koller
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52425 Julich, Germany; (A.C.); (J.B.); (D.P.); (U.S.); (G.H.); (R.K.); (S.J.)
- Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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10
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Antonecchia E, Bäcker M, Cafolla D, Ciardiello M, Kühl C, Pagnani G, Wang J, Wang S, Zhou F, D'Ascenzo N, Gialanella L, Pisante M, Rose G, Xie Q. Design Study of a Novel Positron Emission Tomography System for Plant Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:736221. [PMID: 35116047 PMCID: PMC8805640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography is a non-disruptive and high-sensitive digital imaging technique which allows to measure in-vivo and non invasively the changes of metabolic and transport mechanisms in plants. When it comes to the early assessment of stress-induced alterations of plant functions, plant PET has the potential of a major breakthrough. The development of dedicated plant PET systems faces a series of technological and experimental difficulties, which make conventional clinical and preclinical PET systems not fully suitable to agronomy. First, the functional and metabolic mechanisms of plants depend on environmental conditions, which can be controlled during the experiment if the scanner is transported into the growing chamber. Second, plants need to be imaged vertically, thus requiring a proper Field Of View. Third, the transverse Field of View needs to adapt to the different plant shapes, according to the species and the experimental protocols. In this paper, we perform a simulation study, proposing a novel design of dedicated plant PET scanners specifically conceived to address these agronomic issues. We estimate their expected sensitivity, count rate performance and spatial resolution, and we identify these specific features, which need to be investigated when realizing a plant PET scanner. Finally, we propose a novel approach to the measurement and verification of the performance of plant PET systems, including the design of dedicated plant phantoms, in order to provide a standard evaluation procedure for this emerging digital imaging agronomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Antonecchia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Markus Bäcker
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Cafolla
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte Kühl
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Pagnani
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jiale Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of University of Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicola D'Ascenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lucio Gialanella
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Michele Pisante
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Georg Rose
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Qingguo Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Samuels C, Leggett R. A biokinetic model for systemic sodium. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:1045-1059. [PMID: 34261043 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an updated biokinetic model for systemic sodium (Na), developed for use in a series of reports by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) on occupational intake of radionuclides. In contrast to the ICRP's previous model for intake of radio-sodium by workers, the updated model depicts realistic directions of movement of Na in the body including recycling of activity between blood and tissues. The updated model structure facilitates extension of the baseline transfer coefficients for adults to different age groups and to special exposure scenarios such as transfer of radio-sodium from the mother to the foetus or the nursing infant. Dose coefficients for22Na and24Na based on the updated model generally do not differ greatly from those based on the ICRP's previous Na model when both models are connected to the ICRP's latest dosimetry system. The main exception is that the updated model yields roughly twofold higher dose coefficients for endosteal bone surface than does the previous model due to the dosimetrically cautious assumption in the updated model that exchangeable Na in bone resides on bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh Samuels
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Rich Leggett
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
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