1
|
Zeng X, Cao X, Zhao Q, Hou S, Hu X, Yang Z, Hao T, Zhao S, Yao Z. Isolation of Haustorium Protoplasts Optimized by Orthogonal Design for Transient Gene Expression in Phelipanche aegyptiaca. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2163. [PMID: 39124281 PMCID: PMC11314320 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The efficient protoplast transient transformation system in plants is an important tool to study gene expression, metabolic pathways, and various mutagenic parameters, but it has not been established in Phelipanche aegyptiaca. As a root parasitic weed that endangers the growth of 29 species of plants in 12 families around the world, there is still no good control method for P. aegyptiaca. Even the parasitic mechanisms of P. aegyptiaca and the related genes regulating parasitism are not yet understood. In this study, by comparing the factors related to protoplast isolation and transfection, we developed the optimal protocol for protoplast isolation and transfection in Phelipanche aegyptiaca haustorium. The optimal protoplast yield and activity were 6.2 × 106 protoplasts/g fresh weight [FW] and 87.85%, respectively, by using 0.5 mol/L mannitol, enzyme concentrations of 2.5% cellulase R-10 and 0.8% Macerozyme R-10 at 24 °C for 4 h. At the same time, transfection efficiency of protoplasts was up to 78.49% when using 30 μg plasmid, 40% polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration, 24 °C incubation temperature, and 20 min transfection time. This is the first efficient protoplasts' isolation and transient transformation system of Phelipanche aegyptiaca haustorium, laying a foundation for future studies on the gene function and mechanisms of haustorium formation in parasitic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.Z.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (S.H.); (X.H.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Zhaoqun Yao
- Key Laboratory at the Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.Z.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (S.H.); (X.H.); (Z.Y.); (T.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Li X, Wang C, Huo G, Zhang X, Yu J, Yu X, Li J, Zhang C, Zhao J, Li Y, Li J. Expanding the targeting scope of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing by Cas9 variants in Brassica. ABIOTECH 2024; 5:202-208. [PMID: 38974859 PMCID: PMC11224048 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-024-00155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9, presently the most widely used genome editing technology, has provided great potential for functional studies and plant breeding. However, the strict requirement for a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) has hindered the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system because the number of targetable genomic sites is limited. Recently, the engineered variants Cas9-NG, SpG, and SpRY, which recognize non-canonical PAMs, have been successfully tested in plants (mainly in rice, a monocot). In this study, we evaluated the targeted mutagenesis capabilities of these Cas9 variants in two important Brassica vegetables, Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Both Cas9-NG and SpG induced efficient mutagenesis at NGN PAMs, while SpG outperformed Cas9-NG at NGC and NGT PAMs. SpRY achieved efficient editing at almost all PAMs (NRN > NYN), albeit with some self-targeting activity at transfer (T)-DNA sequences. And SpRY-induced mutants were detected in cabbage plants in a PAM-less fashion. Moreover, an adenine base editor was developed using SpRY and TadA8e deaminase that induced A-to-G conversions within target sites using non-canonical PAMs. Together, the toolboxes developed here induced successful genome editing in Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Our work further expands the targeting scope of genome editing and paves the way for future basic research and genetic improvement in Brassica. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-024-00155-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Guanzhong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Jintai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- College of Modern Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen K, Chen J, Pi X, Huang LJ, Li N. Isolation, Purification, and Application of Protoplasts and Transient Expression Systems in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16892. [PMID: 38069215 PMCID: PMC10706244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoplasts, derived from plant cells, exhibit remarkable totipotency and hold significant value across a wide spectrum of biological and biotechnological applications. These versatile applications encompass protein subcellular localization and interaction analysis, gene expression regulation, functional characterization, gene editing techniques, and single-cell sequencing. Protoplasts' usability stems from their inherent accessibility and their ability to efficiently incorporate exogenous genes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview, including details on isolation procedures and influencing factors, purification and viability assessment methodologies, and the utilization of the protoplast transient expression system. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of current applications and offer valuable insights into protoplast isolation and the establishment of transient expression systems in a diverse range of plant species, thereby serving as a valuable resource for the plant science community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xin Pi
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| |
Collapse
|