1
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Roberts EL, Greenwood J, Kapadia N, Auchynnikava T, Basu S, Nurse P. CDK activity at the centrosome regulates the cell cycle. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114066. [PMID: 38578823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In human cells and yeast, an intact "hydrophobic patch" substrate docking site is needed for mitotic cyclin centrosomal localization. A hydrophobic patch mutant (HPM) of the fission yeast mitotic cyclin Cdc13 cannot enter mitosis, but whether this is due to defective centrosomal localization or defective cyclin-substrate docking more widely is unknown. Here, we show that artificially restoring Cdc13-HPM centrosomal localization promotes mitotic entry and increases CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) substrate phosphorylation at the centrosome and in the cytoplasm. We also show that the S-phase B-cyclin hydrophobic patch is required for centrosomal localization but not for S phase. We propose that the hydrophobic patch is essential for mitosis due to its requirement for the local concentration of cyclin-CDK with CDK substrates and regulators at the centrosome. Our findings emphasize the central importance of the centrosome as a hub coordinating cell-cycle control and explain why the cyclin hydrophobic patch is essential for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Roberts
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK.
| | - Jessica Greenwood
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Nitin Kapadia
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Tania Auchynnikava
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK; Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Souradeep Basu
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK
| | - Paul Nurse
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, UK; Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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2
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Meier SM, Steinmetz MO, Barral Y. Microtubule specialization by +TIP networks: from mechanisms to functional implications. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:318-332. [PMID: 38350804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
To fulfill their actual cellular role, individual microtubules become functionally specialized through a broad range of mechanisms. The 'search and capture' model posits that microtubule dynamics and functions are specified by cellular targets that they capture (i.e., a posteriori), independently of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) they emerge from. However, work in budding yeast indicates that MTOCs may impart a functional identity to the microtubules they nucleate, a priori. Key effectors in this process are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs), which track microtubule tips to regulate their dynamics and facilitate their targeted interactions. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of a priori microtubule specialization, focusing on recent findings indicating that +TIP networks may undergo liquid biomolecular condensation in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, and Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biozentrum, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yves Barral
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, and Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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Camblor-Perujo S, Ozer Yildiz E, Küpper H, Overhoff M, Rastogi S, Bazzi H, Kononenko NL. The AP-2 complex interacts with γ-TuRC and regulates the proliferative capacity of neural progenitors. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302029. [PMID: 38086550 PMCID: PMC10716017 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are organelles that nucleate microtubules via the activity of gamma-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRC). In the developing brain, centrosome integrity is central to the progression of the neural progenitor cell cycle, and its loss leads to microcephaly. We show that NPCs maintain centrosome integrity via the endocytic adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2). NPCs lacking AP-2 exhibit defects in centrosome formation and mitotic progression, accompanied by DNA damage and accumulation of p53. This function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs is independent of its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is coupled to its association with the GCP2, GCP3, and GCP4 components of γ-TuRC. We find that AP-2 maintains γ-TuRC organization and regulates centrosome function at the level of MT nucleation. Taken together, our data reveal a novel, noncanonical function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs and open new avenues for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders with AP-2 complex dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Ozer Yildiz
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanna Küpper
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saumya Rastogi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Natural Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Favasuli VK, Ronchetti D, Silvestris I, Puccio N, Fabbiano G, Traini V, Todoerti K, Erratico S, Ciarrocchi A, Fragliasso V, Giannandrea D, Tumiatti F, Chiaramonte R, Torrente Y, Finelli P, Morelli E, Munshi NC, Bolli N, Neri A, Taìana E. DIS3 depletion in multiple myeloma causes extensive perturbation in cell cycle progression and centrosome amplification. Haematologica 2024; 109:231-244. [PMID: 37439377 PMCID: PMC10772536 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DIS3 gene mutations occur in approximately 10% of patients with multiple myeloma (MM); furthermore, DIS3 expression can be affected by monosomy 13 and del(13q), found in roughly 40% of MM cases. Despite the high incidence of DIS3 mutations and deletions, the biological significance of DIS3 and its contribution to MM pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study we investigated the functional role of DIS3 in MM, by exploiting a loss-of-function approach in human MM cell lines. We found that DIS3 knockdown inhibits proliferation in MM cell lines and largely affects cell cycle progression of MM plasma cells, ultimately inducing a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S and G2/M phases. DIS3 plays an important role not only in the control of the MM plasma cell cycle, but also in the centrosome duplication cycle, which are strictly co-regulated in physiological conditions in the G1 phase. Indeed, DIS3 silencing leads to the formation of supernumerary centrosomes accompanied by the assembly of multipolar spindles during mitosis. In MM, centrosome amplification is present in about a third of patients and may represent a mechanism leading to genomic instability. These findings strongly prompt further studies investigating the relevance of DIS3 in the centrosome duplication process. Indeed, a combination of DIS3 defects and deficient spindle-assembly checkpoint can allow cells to progress through the cell cycle without proper chromosome segregation, generating aneuploid cells which ultimately lead to the development of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa K Favasuli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Noemi Puccio
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121
| | - Giuseppina Fabbiano
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan
| | - Valentina Traini
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - Silvia Erratico
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Novystem Spa, Milan
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia
| | - Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia
| | | | - Francesca Tumiatti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan
| | | | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan
| | - Palma Finelli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, 20090 Milan
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Italy; Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia.
| | - Elisa Taìana
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan
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5
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Rahimian M, Askari M, Salehi N, Riccio A, Jaafarinia M, Almadani N, Totonchi M. A novel missense variant in CDK5RAP2 associated with non-obstructive azoospermia. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:830-837. [PMID: 38008501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most severe type of male infertility is non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), where there is no sperm in the ejaculate due to failure of spermatogenesis, affecting 10%-20% of infertile men with azoospermia. Genetic studies have identified dozens of NOA genes. The main aim of the present study is to identify a novel monogenic mutation that may cause NOA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the pedigree of a consanguineous family with three NOA and one fertile brother by a family-based exome-sequencing, segregation analysis, insilico protein modeling and single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis followed by sanger sequencing revealed that three NOA brothers were homozygous for a rare missense variant in Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulatory Subunit Associated Protein 2 (Centrosomin) CDK5RAP2 (NM_018249:exon26:c.A4003T:p.R1335W, rs761196443). Protein modeling demonstrated that CDK5RAP2, Arg1335Trp resided nearby the Microtubule Associated Protein RP/EB Family Member 1 (EB1/MAPRE1) interaction site. As a consequence of the R1335W mutation, the positively charged Arginine was replaced by to the hydrophobic tryptophan residue, possibly leading to local instability in the structure and perturbation in the CDK5RAP2-MAPRE1 interaction. CONCLUSION Our study reports a novel missense variant of CDK5RAP2 that segregates in homozygosity with male infertility and NOA in a consanguineous family. In silico structural predictions and gene expression data indicate a potential role of the CDK5RAP2 variant in causing defective centrosomic maturation during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouness Rahimian
- Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Masomeh Askari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Salehi
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Jaafarinia
- Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Navid Almadani
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Turner KA, Caswell DL, McGrady BM, Pietras-Allen A, Sedlak J, Nathan C, Parasuraman S, McGann AP, Fazili FM, Bell JR, El Smail KN, Pillai SB, Parry KR, Richardson KP, Ruble K, Jaiswal A, Shah TA, Sindhwani P, Avidor-Reiss T. CP110 and CEP135 localize near the proximal and distal centrioles of cattle and human spermatozoa. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000951. [PMID: 37822686 PMCID: PMC10562935 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes play an important role in the microtubule organization of a cell. The sperm's specialized centrosome consists of the canonical barrel-shaped proximal centriole, the funnel-shaped distal centriole, and the pericentriolar material known as striated columns (or segmented columns). Here, we examined the localization of the centriole proteins CEP135 and CP110 in cattle and human spermatozoa. In canonical centrioles, CP110 is a centriole tip protein that controls cilia formation, while CEP135 is a structural protein essential for constructing the centriole. In contrast, we found antibodies recognizing CEP135 and CP110 label near the proximal and distal centrioles at the expected location of the striated columns and capitulum in cattle and humans in an antibody and species-specific way. These findings provide a pathway to understanding the unique functions of spermatozoan centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelsie Ruble
- University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
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7
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Uzbas F, O’Neill AC. Spatial Centrosome Proteomic Profiling of Human iPSC-derived Neural Cells. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4812. [PMID: 37727868 PMCID: PMC10505934 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome governs many pan-cellular processes including cell division, migration, and cilium formation. However, very little is known about its cell type-specific protein composition and the sub-organellar domains where these protein interactions take place. Here, we outline a protocol for the spatial interrogation of the centrosome proteome in human cells, such as those differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), through co-immunoprecipitation of protein complexes around selected baits that are known to reside at different structural parts of the centrosome, followed by mass spectrometry. The protocol describes expansion and differentiation of human iPSCs to dorsal forebrain neural progenitors and cortical projection neurons, harvesting and lysis of cells for protein isolation, co-immunoprecipitation with antibodies against selected bait proteins, preparation for mass spectrometry, processing the mass spectrometry output files using MaxQuant software, and statistical analysis using Perseus software to identify the enriched proteins by each bait. Given the large number of cells needed for the isolation of centrosome proteins, this protocol can be scaled up or down by modifying the number of bait proteins and can also be carried out in batches. It can potentially be adapted for other cell types, organelles, and species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uzbas
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Adam C. O’Neill
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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8
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Steiert B, Icardi CM, Faris R, McCaslin PN, Smith P, Klingelhutz AJ, Yau PM, Weber MM. The Chlamydia trachomatis type III-secreted effector protein CteG induces centrosome amplification through interactions with centrin-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303487120. [PMID: 37155906 PMCID: PMC10193975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303487120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the main microtubule organizing center of the cell and is crucial for mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and cell division. Centrosome duplication is tightly controlled, yet several pathogens, most notably oncogenic viruses, perturb this process leading to increased centrosome numbers. Infection by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) correlates with blocked cytokinesis, supernumerary centrosomes, and multipolar spindles; however, the mechanisms behind how C.t. induces these cellular abnormalities remain largely unknown. Here we show that the secreted effector protein, CteG, binds to centrin-2 (CETN2), a key structural component of centrosomes and regulator of centriole duplication. Our data indicate that both CteG and CETN2 are necessary for infection-induced centrosome amplification, in a manner that requires the C-terminus of CteG. Strikingly, CteG is important for in vivo infection and growth in primary cervical cells but is dispensable for growth in immortalized cells, highlighting the importance of this effector protein to chlamydial infection. These findings begin to provide mechanistic insight into how C.t. induces cellular abnormalities during infection, but also indicate that obligate intracellular bacteria may contribute to cellular transformation events. Centrosome amplification mediated by CteG-CETN2 interactions may explain why chlamydial infection leads to an increased risk of cervical or ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Steiert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Carolina M. Icardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Paige N. McCaslin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Parker Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Peter M. Yau
- Carver Biotechnology Center–Protein Sciences Facility, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Mary M. Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA52242
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9
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In Search of a Mechanistic Link between Chlamydia trachomatis-Induced Cellular Pathophysiology and Oncogenesis. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0044322. [PMID: 36695575 PMCID: PMC9933725 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00443-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome duplication and cell cycle progression are essential cellular processes that must be tightly controlled to ensure cellular integrity. Despite their complex regulatory mechanisms, microbial pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to co-opt these processes to promote infection. While misregulation of these processes can greatly benefit the pathogen, the consequences to the host cell can be devastating. During infection, the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis induces gross cellular abnormalities, including supernumerary centrosomes, multipolar spindles, and defects in cytokinesis. While these observations were made over 15 years ago, identification of the bacterial factors responsible has been elusive due to the genetic intractability of Chlamydia. Recent advances in techniques of genetic manipulation now allows for the direct linking of bacterial virulence factors to manipulation of centrosome duplication and cell cycle progression. In this review, we discuss the impact, both immediate and downstream, of C. trachomatis infection on the host cell cycle regulatory apparatus and centrosome replication. We highlight links between C. trachomatis infection and cervical and ovarian cancers and speculate whether perturbations of the cell cycle and centrosome are sufficient to initiate cellular transformation. We also explore the biological mechanisms employed by Inc proteins and other secreted effector proteins implicated in the perturbation of these host cell pathways. Future work is needed to better understand the nuances of each effector's mechanism and their collective impact on Chlamydia's ability to induce host cellular abnormalities.
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10
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Yuki R, Ikeda Y, Yasutake R, Saito Y, Nakayama Y. SH2D4A promotes centrosome maturation to support spindle microtubule formation and mitotic progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2067. [PMID: 36739326 PMCID: PMC9899277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression requires the precise formation of spindle microtubules based on mature centrosomes. During the G2/M transition, centrosome maturation progresses, and associated microtubules bundle to form mitotic spindle fibers and capture the chromosomes for alignment at the cell equator. Mitotic kinases-induced phosphorylation signaling is necessary for these processes. Here, we identified SH2 domain-containing protein 4A (SH2D4A/PPP1R38) as a new mitotic regulator. SH2D4A knockdown delays mitotic progression. The time-lapse imaging analysis showed that SH2D4A specifically contributes to the alignment of chromosomes. The cold treatment assay and microtubule regrowth assay indicated that SH2D4A promotes microtubule nucleation to support kinetochore-microtubule attachment. This may be due to the centrosome maturation by SH2D4A via centrosomal recruitment of pericentriolar material (PCM) such as cep192, γ-tubulin, and PLK1. SH2D4A was found to be a negative regulator of PP1 phosphatase. Consistently, treatment with a PP1 inhibitor rescues SH2D4A-knockdown-induced phenotypes, including the microtubule nucleation and centrosomal recruitment of active PLK1. These results suggest that SH2D4A is involved in PCM recruitment to centrosomes and centrosome maturation through attenuation of PP1 phosphatases, accelerating the spindle formation and supporting mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yasutake
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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