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Chen T, Li S, Wang L. Semaphorins in tumor microenvironment: Biological mechanisms and therapeutic progress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112035. [PMID: 38603857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hallmark features of the tumor microenvironment include immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a conducive environment for the growth and survival of tumors. Recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology have highlighted the functional role of semaphorins (SEMAs). SEMAs are a large and diverse family of widely expressed secreted and membrane-binding proteins, which were initially implicated in axon guidance and neural development. However, it is now clear that they are widely expressed beyond the nervous system and participate in regulating immune responses and cancer progression. In fact, accumulating evidence disclosed that different SEMAs can either stimulate or restrict tumor progression, some of which act as important regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Conversely, limited information is known about the functional relevance of SEMA signals in TME. In this setting, we systematically elaborate the role SEMAs and their major receptors played in characterized components of TME. Furthermore, we provide a convergent view of current SEMAs pharmacological progress in clinical treatment and also put forward their potential application value and clinical prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shazhou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
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Ayed A. The role of natural products versus miRNA in renal cell carcinoma: implications for disease mechanisms and diagnostic markers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03121-8. [PMID: 38691151 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are chemical compounds produced by living organisms. They are isolated and purified to determine their function and can potentially be used as therapeutic agents. The ability of some bioactive natural products to modify the course of cancer is fascinating and promising. In the past 50 years, there have been advancements in cancer therapy that have increased survival rates for localized tumors. However, there has been little progress in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors are two roles played by microRNAs (miRNAs). They are involved in important pathogenetic mechanisms like hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); they control apoptosis, cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and proliferation through target proteins involved in various signaling pathways. Depending on their expression pattern, miRNAs may identify certain subtypes of RCC or distinguish tumor tissue from healthy renal tissue. As diagnostic biomarkers of RCC, circulating miRNAs show promise. There is a correlation between the expression patterns of several miRNAs and the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with RCC. Potentially high-risk primary tumors may be identified by comparing original tumor tissue with metastases. Variations in miRNA expression between treatment-sensitive and therapy-resistant patients' tissues and serum allow for the estimation of responsiveness to target therapy. Our knowledge of miRNAs' function in RCC etiology has a tremendous uptick. Finding and validating their gene targets could have an immediate effect on creating anticancer treatments based on miRNAs. Several miRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current knowledge regarding natural compounds and their modes of action in combating cancer. Also, this study aims to give information about the diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers and their involvement in the pathogenesis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ayed
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O Box 551, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
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Chen M, Wang G, Xu Z, Sun J, Liu B, Chang L, Gu J, Ruan Y, Gao X, Song S. Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:113-128. [PMID: 37578594 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is closely related to the development of gastric cancer (GC), which remains as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As a tumor suppressor for GC, whether receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) play a modulatory role in metabolic reprogramming remains largely unclear. METHODS GC cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mouse model were used to identify the biological function of RACK1. Flow cytometry and Seahorse assays were applied to examine cell cycle and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and autophagy double fluorescent assays were utilized to explore the signaling. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 and other indicators in tissue sections. RESULTS Loss of RACK1 facilitated the viability, colony formation, cell cycle progression and OCR of GC cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that RACK1 knockdown inhibited the lysosomal degradation of Alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2). Mechanistically, depletion of RACK1 remarkably decreased PTEN expression through up-regulating miR-146b-5p, leading to the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which dampened autophagy flux subsequently. Moreover, knockdown of ASCT2 could reverse the promotive effect of RACK1 depletion on GC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray confirmed that RACK1 was negatively correlated with the expression of ASCT2 and p62, as well as the phosphorylation of mTOR. CONCLUSION Together, our results demonstrate that the suppressive function of RACK1 in GC is associated with ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism, and imply that targeting RACK1/ASCT2 axis provides potential strategies for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao S, Li B, Gao H, Zhang Y. MiR-320a Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors by Targeting BCAT1. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:14-24. [PMID: 37591221 DOI: 10.1159/000533549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant miR-320a has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis of several cancers. In our previous study, we identified the low expression of circulating miR-320a in patients with somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET); however, the role of miR-320a in somatotroph PitNET proliferation is still unclear. METHODS Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to detect the effect of miR-320a and BCAT1 on GH3 cells. TargetScan was used to identify the target genes of miR-320a. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to explore the relation between miR-320a and BCAT1. Transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed between somatotroph PitNETs and healthy controls. The expression level of miR-320a in somatotroph PitNETs were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS miR-320a mimics inhibit cell proliferation, while miR-320a inhibitors promote cell proliferation in GH3 cells. An overlap analysis using a Venn diagram revealed that BCAT1 is the only target gene of miR-320a overexpressed in somatotroph PitNETs compared to healthy controls, as revealed by both microarray and proteomics results. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-320a may bind to the BCAT1-3'UTR. The transfection of miR-320a mimics downregulated the expression and miR-320a inhibitors and upregulated the expression of BCAT1 in GH3 cells. The interference of BCAT1 expression in GH3 cells downregulated cell proliferation and growth. Pan-cancer analyses demonstrated that high BCAT1 expression often indicates a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate that miR-320a may function as a tumor suppressor and BCAT1 may promote tumor progression. miR-320a may inhibit the growth of somatotroph PitNETs by targeting BCAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Zhao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China
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Elballal MS, Sallam AAM, Elesawy AE, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Elrebehy MA, Elazazy O, El-Boghdady RM, Blasy SH, Amer NM, Farid HI, Mohammed DA, Ahmed SA, Mohamed SS, Doghish AS. miRNAs as potential game-changers in renal cell carcinoma: Future clinical and medicinal uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154439. [PMID: 37028108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality rate of all genitourinary cancers, and its prevalence has grown over time. While RCC can be surgically treated and recurrence is only probable in a tiny proportion of patients, early diagnosis is crucial. Mutations in a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes contribute to pathway dysregulation in RCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have considerable promise as biomarkers for detecting cancer due to their special combination of properties. Several miRNAs have been proposed as a diagnostic or monitoring tool for RCC based on their presence in the blood or urine. Moreover, the expression profile of particular miRNAs has been associated with the response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapeutic options like sunitinib. The goal of this review is to go over the development, spread, and evolution of RCC. Also, we emphasize the outcomes of studies that examined the use of miRNAs in RCC patients as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or modulators of responsiveness to treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Al-Aliaa M Sallam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem K Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | | | - Shaimaa Hassan Blasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Nada Mahmoud Amer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hadeer Ibrahim Farid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Dina Ashraf Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Adly Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sally Samir Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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