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Ding W, Xu W, Lu D, Sheng H, Xu X, Xu B, Zheng A. Inhibition of TERC inhibits neural apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury through Akt activation and p-38 inhibition via the miR-34a-5p/XBP-1 axis. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20220619. [PMID: 36742154 PMCID: PMC9883688 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the function of telomerase RNA component (TERC) in spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI models were established in rats via laminectomy and PC-12 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TERC and miR-34a-5p expressions in cells and rat spinal cords were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, followed by overexpression/knockdown of TERC/miR-34a-5p. Spinal cord histopathological changes were examined via hematoxylin-eosin staining. miR-34a-5p' relation with TERC and XBP-1 was predicted by TargetScan and checked by dual-luciferase reporter/RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Cell biological behaviors were assessed by Cell counting kit-8, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. XBP-1 and inflammation/apoptosis-related protein expressions were analyzed by western blot. TERC was upregulated and miR-34a-5p was low-expressed in SCI tissues and LPS-induced PC-12 cells. TERC-knockdown alleviated histopathological abnormalities yet upregulated miR-34a-5p in SCI tissues. In LPS-induced PC-12 cells, TERC knockdown promoted cell viability, migration, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis, while TERC overexpression ran oppositely. TERC knockdown downregulated the XBP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, Bax, p-p38/t-p38, and cleaved caspase-9/-3, but upregulated Bcl-2 and p-Akt/t-Akt. TERC targeted miR-34a-5p, which further targeted XBP-1. miR-34a-5p downregulation exerted effects opposite to and offset TERC knockdown-induced effects. TERC knockdown facilitated the regeneration of neuron tissues yet inhibited inflammation in SCI through Akt activation and p-38 inhibition via the miR-34a-5p/XBP-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Weixing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Hongfeng Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
| | - Aote Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, China
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2
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Shin SM, Moehring F, Itson-Zoske B, Fan F, Stucky CL, Hogan QH, Yu H. Piezo2 mechanosensitive ion channel is located to sensory neurons and nonneuronal cells in rat peripheral sensory pathway: implications in pain. Pain 2021; 162:2750-2768. [PMID: 34285153 PMCID: PMC8526381 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Piezo2 mechanotransduction channel is a crucial mediator of sensory neurons for sensing and transducing touch, vibration, and proprioception. We here characterized Piezo2 expression and cell specificity in rat peripheral sensory pathway using a validated Piezo2 antibody. Immunohistochemistry using this antibody revealed Piezo2 expression in pan primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia in naïve rats, which was actively transported along afferent axons to both central presynaptic terminals innervating the spinal dorsal horn (DH) and peripheral afferent terminals in the skin. Piezo2 immunoreactivity (IR) was also detected in the postsynaptic neurons of the DH and in the motor neurons of the ventral horn, but not in spinal glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and Iba1-positive glia. Notably, Piezo2-IR was clearly identified in peripheral nonneuronal cells, including perineuronal glia, Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve and surrounding cutaneous afferent endings, as well as in skin epidermal Merkel cells and melanocytes. Immunoblots showed increased Piezo2 in dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to plantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, and immunostaining revealed increased Piezo2-IR intensity in the DH ipsilateral to complete Freund's adjuvant injection. This elevation of DH Piezo2-IR was also evident in various neuropathic pain models and monosodium iodoacetate knee osteoarthritis pain model, compared with controls. We conclude that (1) the pan neuronal profile of Piezo2 expression suggests that Piezo2 may function extend beyond simply touch or proprioception mediated by large-sized low-threshold mechanosensitive primary sensory neurons; (2) Piezo2 may have functional roles involving sensory processing in the spinal cord, Schwann cells, and skin melanocytes; and (3) aberrant Piezo2 expression may contribute pain pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Brandon Itson-Zoske
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mississippi University Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Quinn H. Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295
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3
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Wheaton BJ, Sena J, Sundararajan A, Umale P, Schilkey F, Miller RD. Identification of regenerative processes in neonatal spinal cord injury in the opossum (Monodelphis domestica): A transcriptomic study. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:969-986. [PMID: 32710567 PMCID: PMC7855507 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the response to spinal cord injury in the gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). In opossums spinal injury early in development results in spontaneous axon growth through the injury, but this regenerative potential diminishes with maturity until it is lost entirely. The mechanisms underlying this regeneration remain unknown. RNA sequencing was used to identify differential gene expression in regenerating (SCI at postnatal Day 7, P7SCI) and nonregenerating (SCI at Day 28, P28SCI) cords +1d, +3d, and +7d after complete spinal transection, compared to age‐matched controls. Genes showing significant differential expression (log2FC ≥ 1, Padj ≤ 0.05) were used for downstream analysis. Across all time‐points 233 genes altered expression after P7SCI, and 472 genes altered expression after P28SCI. One hundred and forty‐seven genes altered expression in both injury ages (63% of P7SCI data set). The majority of changes were gene upregulations. Gene ontology overrepresentation analysis in P7SCI gene‐sets showed significant overrepresentations only in immune‐associated categories, while P28SCI gene‐sets showed overrepresentations in these same immune categories, along with other categories such as “cell proliferation,” “cell adhesion,” and “apoptosis.” Cell‐type–association analysis suggested that, regardless of injury age, injury‐associated gene transcripts were most strongly associated with microglia and endothelial cells, with strikingly fewer astrocyte, oligodendrocyte and neuron‐related genes, the notable exception being a cluster of mostly downregulated oligodendrocyte‐associated genes in the P7SCI + 7d gene‐set. Our findings demonstrate a more complex transcriptomic response in nonregenerating cords, suggesting a strong influence of non‐neuronal cells in the outcome after injury and providing the largest survey yet of the transcriptomic changes occurring after SCI in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Wheaton
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.,Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Johnny Sena
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Pooja Umale
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Faye Schilkey
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Robert D Miller
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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4
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Wang D, Xu X, Pan J, Zhao S, Li Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu M. GAS5 knockdown alleviates spinal cord injury by reducing VAV1 expression via RNA binding protein CELF2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3628. [PMID: 33574559 PMCID: PMC7878805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) has been found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous diseases and to be a contributor to hypoxic brain injury. However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of GAS5 in spinal cord injury (SCI) have not thoroughly investigated. Here, we reported that GAS5 knockdown improved rat locomotor function and alleviated pathological damage of spinal cord tissues by reducing oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity and vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (VAV1) expression in SCI rat models. GAS5 knockdown inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cell apoptotic rate induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and weakened the inhibitory effects of OGD on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and cell viability in RN-Sc cells, suggesting that GAS5 loss mitigated OGD-triggered oxidative stress and cell injury in RN-Sc cells. Molecular mechanism explorations revealed that GAS5 recruited CUGBP, Elav-like family member 2 (CELF2) to the coding region of VAV1 mRNA, resulting in the increase of VAV1 mRNA stability and expression levels. VAV1 knockdown weakened OGD-induced oxidative stress and cell injury in RN-Sc cells. VAV1 loss alleviated GAS5-induced oxidative stress and cell injury in OGD-treated RN-Sc cells. As a conclusion, our findings suggested that GAS5 aggravated SCI by increasing VAV1 expression via binding with CELF2, deepening our understanding on function and molecular basis of GAS5 in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junwei Pan
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shixin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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5
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Niu SP, Zhang YJ, Han N, Yin XF, Zhang DY, Kou YH. Identification of four differentially expressed genes associated with acute and chronic spinal cord injury based on bioinformatics data. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:865-870. [PMID: 33229721 PMCID: PMC8178775 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex pathological changes occur during the development of spinal cord injury (SCI), and determining the underlying molecular events that occur during SCI is necessary for the development of promising molecular targets and therapeutic strategies. This study was designed to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the acute and chronic stages of SCI using bioinformatics analysis. Gene expression profiles (GSE45006, GSE93249, and GSE45550) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. SCI-associated DEGs from rat samples were identified, and Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Approximately 66 DEGs were identified in GSE45550 between 3–14 days after SCI, whereas 2418 DEGs were identified in GSE45006 1–56 days after SCI. Moreover, 1263, 195, and 75 overlapping DEGs were identified between these two expression profiles, 3, 7/8, and 14 days after SCI, respectively. Additionally, 16 overlapping DEGs were obtained in GSE45006 1–14 days after SCI, including Pank1, Hn1, Tmem150c, Rgd1309676, Lpl, Mdh1, Nnt, Loc100912219, Large1, Baiap2, Slc24a2, Fundc2, Mrps14, Slc16a7, Obfc1, and Alpk3. Importantly, 3882 overlapping DEGs were identified in GSE93249 1–6 months after SCI, including 3316 protein-coding genes and 567 long non-coding RNA genes. A comparative analysis between GSE93249 and GSE45006 resulted in the enrichment of 1135 overlapping DEGs. The significant functions of these 1135 genes were correlated with the response to the immune effector process, the innate immune response, and cytokine production. Moreover, the biological processes and KEGG pathways of the overlapping DEGs were significantly enriched in immune system-related pathways, osteoclast differentiation, the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and the chemokine signaling pathway. Finally, an analysis of the overlapping DEGs associated with both acute and chronic SCI, assessed using the expression profiles GSE93249 and GSE45006, identified four overlapping DEGs: Slc16a7, Alpk3, Lpl and Nnt. These findings may be useful for revealing the biological processes associated with SCI and the development of targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ping Niu
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Office of Academic Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Han
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Office of Academic Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Kou
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Yu G, Zilundu PLM, Xu X, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhong K, Fu R, Zhou LH. The temporal pattern of brachial plexus root avulsion-induced lncRNA and mRNA expression prior to the motoneuron loss in the injured spinal cord segments. Neurochem Int 2020; 132:104611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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DuBois JC, Ray AK, Gruber RC, Zhang Y, Aflakpui R, Macian-Juan F, Shafit-Zagardo B. Akt3-Mediated Protection Against Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1738. [PMID: 31404142 PMCID: PMC6669559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a major role in regulating multiple cellular processes. While the isoforms Akt1 and Akt2 are involved in apoptosis and insulin signaling, respectively, the role for Akt3 remains uncertain. Akt3 is predominantly expressed in the brain, and total deletion of Akt3 in mice results in a reduction in brain size and neurodegeneration following injury. Previously, we found that Akt3-/- mice have a significantly worse clinical course during myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model in which autoreactive immune cells enter the CNS, resulting in inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury. Spinal cords of Akt3-/- mice are severely demyelinated and have increased inflammation compared to WT, suggesting a neuroprotective role for Akt3 during EAE. To specifically address the role of Akt3 in neuroinflammation and maintaining neuronal integrity, we used several mouse strains with different manipulations to Akt3. During EAE, Akt3 Nmf350 mice (with enhanced Akt3 kinase activity) had lower clinical scores, a lag in disease onset, a delay in the influx of inflammatory cells into the CNS, and less axonal damage compared to WT mice. A significant increased efficiency of differentiation toward FOXP3 expressing iTregs was also observed in Akt3 Nmf350 mice relative to WT. Mice with a conditional deletion of Akt3 in CD4+ T-cells had an earlier onset of EAE symptoms, increased inflammation in the spinal cord and brain, and had fewer FOXP3+ cells and FOXP3 mRNA expression. No difference in EAE outcome was observed when Akt3 expression was deleted in neurons (Syn1-CKO). These results indicate that Akt3 signaling in T-cells and not neurons is necessary for maintaining CNS integrity during an inflammatory demyelinating disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Demyelinating Diseases/etiology
- Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism
- Demyelinating Diseases/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwen C. DuBois
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alex K. Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ross C. Gruber
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroinflammation Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ranee Aflakpui
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Fernando Macian-Juan
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bridget Shafit-Zagardo
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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8
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Long non-coding RNA Mirt2 relieves lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in PC12 cells by suppressing miR-429. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:403-413. [PMID: 31309444 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI). This study investigated the effects of lncRNA Mirt2 and miR-429 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injuries in PC12 cells. Serum samples were collected from 36 patients with SCI and the healthy controls. The expression of lncRNA Mirt2 in serum samples was measured by qRT-PCR. The in vitro model of SCI was established by treating PC12 cells with LPS. The effects of lncRNA Mirt2 and miR-429 on the cell model were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blot, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. Further, the activation of NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways was tested by western blot. LPS induced obvious cell injuries in PC12 cells, as cell viability was reduced, apoptosis rate was increased, caspase-3 and -9 were cleaved, and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 was induced. lncRNA Mirt2 was up-regulated in LPS-stimulated PC12 cells and serum samples derived from SCI patients. Overexpression of lncRNA Mirt2 protected PC12 cells against LPS-induced injuries. Further studies found that lncRNA Mirt2 acted as the molecular sponge of miR-429 and miR-34a-5p. lncRNA Mirt2 did not protect PC12 cells when miR-429 was overexpressed. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of lncRNA Mirt2 on NF-κB and p38MAPK pathways were abolished when miR-429 was overexpressed. lncRNA Mirt2 exerts protective effects in an in vitro model of SCI by down-regulating miR-429. This study shed light on the treatment of SCI by using the lncRNA-miRNA regulation network.
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9
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Lewis ER, Geisbüsch S, Chang YJ, Costa V, Husain S, Soteropoulos P, Griepp RB, Di Luozzo G. Paraspinous muscle gene expression profiling following simulated staged endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm: exploring potential therapeutic pathways. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 57:30-38. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Thoracic endovascular techniques for aneurysm repair offer less invasive alternatives to open strategies. Both approaches, however, are associated with the risk for neurological complications. Despite adjuncts to maintain spinal cord perfusion, ischaemia and paraplegia continue to occur during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Staging of such extensive procedures has been proven to decrease the risk for spinal cord injury. Archived biopsy specimens may offer insight into the molecular signature of the reorganization and expansion of the spinal collateral network during staged endovascular interventions in the setting of TAAA.
METHODS
Biological replicates of total RNA were isolated from existing paraspinous muscle samples from 22 Yorkshire pigs randomized to 1 of 3 simulated TAAA repair strategies as part of a previous study employing coil embolization of spinal segmental arteries within the thoracic and lumbar spine. Gene expression profiling was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine array.
RESULTS
Microarray analysis identified 649 differentially expressed porcine genes (≥1.3-fold change, P ≤ 0.05) when comparing paralysed and non-paralysed subjects. Of these, 355 were available for further analysis. When mapped to the human genome, 169 Homo sapiens orthologues were identified. Integrated interpretation of gene expression profiles indicated the significant regulation of transcriptional regulators (such as nuclear factor кB), cytokine (including CXCL12) elements contributing to hypoxia signalling in the cardiovascular system (vascular endothelial growth factor and UBE2) and cytoskeletal elements (like dystrophin (DMD) and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)).
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the ability of microarray-based platforms to detect the differential expression of genes in paraspinous muscle during staged TAAA repair. Pathway enrichment analysis detected subcellular actors accompanying the neuroprotective effects of staged endovascular coiling. These observations provide new insight into the potential prognostic and therapeutic value of gene expression profiling in monitoring and modulating the arteriolar remodelling in the collateral network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Geisbüsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Juan Chang
- Office of Advanced Research Computing, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Costa
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Seema Husain
- Genomics Center, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Randall B Griepp
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele Di Luozzo
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Garcia VB, Abbinanti MD, Harris-Warrick RM, Schulz DJ. Effects of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury on Relationships among Ion Channel and Receptor mRNAs in Mouse Lumbar Spinal Cord. Neuroscience 2018; 393:42-60. [PMID: 30282002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes widespread changes in gene expression of the spinal cord, even in the undamaged spinal cord below the level of the lesion. Less is known about changes in the correlated expression of genes after SCI. We investigated gene co-expression networks among voltage-gated ion channel and neurotransmitter receptor mRNA levels using quantitative RT-PCR in longitudinal slices of the mouse lumbar spinal cord in control and chronic SCI animals. These longitudinal slices were made from the ventral surface of the cord, thus forming slices relatively enriched in motor neurons or interneurons. We performed absolute quantitation of mRNA copy number for 50 ion channel or receptor transcripts from each sample, and used multiple correlation analyses to detect patterns in correlated mRNA levels across all pairs of genes. The majority of channels and receptors changed in expression as a result of chronic SCI, but did so differently across slice levels. Furthermore, motor neuron-enriched slices experienced an overall loss of correlated channel and receptor expression, while interneuron slices showed a dramatic increase in the number of positively correlated transcripts. These correlation profiles suggest that spinal cord injury induces distinct changes across cell types in the organization of gene co-expression networks for ion channels and transmitter receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia B Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Matthew D Abbinanti
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | | | - David J Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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11
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Metformin improve the neuropathic pain and locomotor activity in spinal cord injured rats: introduction of an alternative therapy. Spinal Cord 2018; 56:1032-1041. [PMID: 29959433 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-018-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is an animal study. OBJECTIVES Metformin is a safe drug for controlling blood sugar in diabetes. It has been shown that metformin improves locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuropathic pain is also a disturbing component of SCI. It is indicated that metformin has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, which attenuate neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia in injured nerves. Thus, we evaluated metformin's therapeutic effects on SCI neuroinflammation and its sensory and locomotor complications. Meanwhile, results were compared to minocycline, an anti-neuroinflammation therapy in SCI. SETTING Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran METHODS: In an animal model of SCI, 48 male rats were subjected to T9 vertebra laminectomy. Animals were divided into a SHAM-operated group and five treatment groups. The treatments included normal saline as a vehicle control group, minocycline 90 mg/kg and metformin at the doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Locomotor scaling, behavioral tests for neuropathic pain and weight changes were evaluated and compared through a 28-days period. At the end of the study, tissue samples were taken to assess neuroinflammatory changes. RESULTS Metformin 50 mg/kg improved the locomotors ability (p < 0.001) and decreased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal allodynia (p < 0.01). These results were compatible with minocycline effect on SCI (p > 0.05). While metformin led to weight loss, both metformin and minocycline significantly decreased neuroinflammation in the assessment of cord tissue histopathology, and levels of TNF-α and interleukin-1β (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Metformin could be considered as an alternative therapeutic agent for SCI, as it potentially attenuates neuroinflammation, sensory and locomotor complications of cord injury.
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Lapuente-Chala C, Céspedes-Rubio A. Biochemical events related to glial response in spinal cord injury. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v66n2.61701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La lesión de la médula espinal (LME) es un evento devastador con implicaciones físicas, psicológicas y socioeconómicas. En el tejido cercano a la lesión se instauran cambios morfofisiológicos que determinan la recuperación funcional del segmento medular y de los órganos efectores dependientes de los tractos axonales lesionados.Objetivo. Describir los eventos bioquímicos secuenciales más relevantes de la respuesta de las células gliales posterior a la LME.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones científicas de los últimos 18 años en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, bajo los términos en inglés spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI pathophysiology, SCI inflammation, microglia in SCI, glial scar y chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG).Resultados. Los procesos fisiopatológicos que se producen después de la LME determinan la recuperación neurológica de los pacientes. La activación de las células gliales juega un papel importante, ya que promueve la producción de moléculas bioactivas y la formación de barreras físicas que inhiben la regeneración neural.Conclusión. El conocimiento de los cambios neurobiológicos ocurridos tras la LME permite una mayor comprensión de la fisiopatología y favorece la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas que limiten la progresión de la lesión primaria y que minimicen el daño secundario responsable de la disfunción neurológica.
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Bioinformatics Genes and Pathway Analysis for Chronic Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6423021. [PMID: 29164149 PMCID: PMC5661087 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6423021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well known spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause chronic neuropathic pain (NP); however its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to disclose differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and activated signaling pathways in association with SCI induced chronic NP, in order to identify its diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Microarray dataset GSE5296 has been downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Significant analysis of microarray (SAM), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and pathway network analysis have been used to compare changes of DEGs and signaling pathways between the SCI and sham-injury group. As a result, DEGs analysis showed there were 592 DEGs with significantly altered expression; among them Ccl3 expression showed the highest upregulation which implicated its association with SCI induced chronic NP. Moreover, KEGG analysis found 209 pathways changed significantly; among them the most significantly activated one is MAPK signaling pathway, which is in line with KEGG analysis results. Our results show Ccl3 is highly associated with SCI induced chronic NP; as the exosomes with Ccl3 can be easily and efficiently detected in peripheral blood, Ccl3 may serve as a potential prognostic target for the diagnosis and treatment of SCI induced chronic NP.
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Fortune RD, Grill RJ, Beeton C, Tanner M, Huq R, Loose DS. Changes in Gene Expression and Metabolism in the Testes of the Rat following Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1175-1186. [PMID: 27750479 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in devastating changes to almost all aspects of a patient's life. In addition to a permanent loss of sensory and motor function, males also will frequently exhibit a profound loss of fertility through poorly understood mechanisms. We demonstrate that SCI causes measureable pathology in the testis both acutely (24 h) and chronically up to 1.5 years post-injury, leading to loss in sperm motility and viability. SCI has been shown in humans and rats to induce leukocytospermia, with the presence of inflammatory cytokines, anti-sperm antibodies, and reactive oxygen species found within the ejaculate. Using messenger RNA and metabolomic assessments, we describe molecular and cellular changes that occur within the testis of adult rats over an acute to chronic time period. From 24 h, 72 h, 28 days, and 90 days post-SCI, the testis reveal a distinct time course of pathological events. The testis show an acute drop in normal sexual organ processes, including testosterone production, and establishment of a pro-inflammatory environment. This is followed by a subacute initiation of an innate immune response and loss of cell cycle regulation, possibly due to apoptosis within the seminiferous tubules. At 1.5 years post-SCI, there is a chronic low level immune response as evidenced by an elevation in T cells. These data suggest that SCI elicits a wide range of pathological processes within the testes, the actions of which are not restricted to the acute phase of injury but rather extend chronically, potentially through the lifetime of the subject. The multiplicity of these pathological events suggest a single therapeutic intervention is unlikely to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Fortune
- 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, UTHealth , Houston, Texas
| | - Raymond J Grill
- 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, UTHealth , Houston, Texas
| | - Christine Beeton
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Tanner
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Redwan Huq
- 2 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - David S Loose
- 1 Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, UTHealth , Houston, Texas
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