Time trends in pediatric hand fracture incidence in Malmö, Sweden, 1950-2016

Anatomical distribution and treatment of paediatric hand fractures: a multi-centre study of 749 patients in the Netherlands

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

II.

Distribution of pediatric hand fractures: age- and bone maturation-dependent differences

PURPOSE

To investigate the distribution and characteristics of fractures of bones of the hand on radiographs with respect to age and skeletal maturity of the fractured bone, and to identify predictors of surgery.

METHODS

This cross-sectional, retrospective study included children (≤ 18 years) with hand fractures who underwent radiographic examinations (2019-2021). Fracture location, presence of displacement (≥ 2 mm), angulation (≥ 10°), articular extension, and if skeletally immature, then physeal involvement and Salter-Harris grade were recorded. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher's exact, and chi-square tests as well as logistic regression analyses were used.

RESULTS

Study group of 508 (350 boys, 158 girls; median age, 11.9 years) included 575 (63% phalangeal, 37% metacarpal, and 0.3% carpal) fractures. Younger children were more likely to sustain phalangeal and older children carpal and metacarpal fractures (median ages: 10.8 vs 12.3 and 13.8 years, p < 0.001); and fractures of the small finger accounted for 50% of metacarpal and 43% of phalangeal fractures. Fracture displacement (12% vs 22%, p = 0.02) and angulation (25% vs 49%, p < 0.001) were more common with mature than immature bones. A third of immature bones had physeal involvement and the most common pattern was Salter-Harris type II (89%). Surgical intervention was uncommon (11%) and independent predictors were displacement (OR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.95-8.19, p < 0.001) and articular extension (OR = 5.11, 95% CI 2.00-13.07, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

While younger children were more likely to sustain phalangeal than metacarpal fractures and less likely to have displacement and angulation when compared to older children; only displacement and articular extension were significant independent predictors of surgery.

Clinical characteristics and distribution of paediatric hand fractures at a tertiary hospital in South China: a retrospective analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of paediatric hand fractures (PHF) at a tertiary hospital in South China based on sex, age, mechanism of injury and anatomical region. A retrospective observational study was performed on children aged 15 years and younger who were referred for actual or suspected hand fractures between January 2016 and December 2020. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed for age at the time of injury, sex, site and fracture pattern and mechanism of injury. A total of 436 consecutive children with 478 hand fractures were reviewed. Hand fractures was more common in boys (281/436; 64.4%) than in girls (155/436; 35.6%), although most fractures occurred in children aged 0-3 years (198/436; 45.4%). Distal phalanges were the most commonly injured bones (184/478; 38.5%), and the base fractures were most common (151/476; 31.7%); the fifth digit was most commonly injured (150/478; 31.3%). Crush injuries were the leading cause of fracture in children younger than 6 years of age (207/325; 63.7%), whereas punch injuries were the major cause of injury in older age groups (55/153; 35.9%); 60.1% of the fractures were managed nonsurgically. This study showed patterns of PHF in a tertiary hospital in South China. It illustrates the local variability across sex, age group, injury type and injury mechanism. Such demographic data will be valuable for optimally resourcing healthcare systems locally and help guide prevention policies.