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Afonso J, Andrade R, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Nakamura FY, Sarmento H, Freitas SR, Silva AF, Laporta L, Abarghoueinejad M, Akyildiz Z, Chen R, Pizarro A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM. What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials. Sports Med 2024; 54:1517-1551. [PMID: 38457105 PMCID: PMC11239752 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stretching has garnered significant attention in sports sciences, resulting in numerous studies. However, there is no comprehensive overview on investigation of stretching in healthy athletes. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic scoping review with an evidence gap map of stretching studies in healthy athletes, identify current gaps in the literature, and provide stakeholders with priorities for future research. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. We included studies comprising healthy athletes exposed to acute and/or chronic stretching interventions. Six databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) until 1 January 2023. The relevant data were narratively synthesized; quantitative data summaries were provided for key data items. An evidence gap map was developed to offer an overview of the existing research and relevant gaps. RESULTS Of ~ 220,000 screened records, we included 300 trials involving 7080 athletes [mostly males (~ 65% versus ~ 20% female, and ~ 15% unreported) under 36 years of age; tiers 2 and 3 of the Participant Classification Framework] across 43 sports. Sports requiring extreme range of motion (e.g., gymnastics) were underrepresented. Most trials assessed the acute effects of stretching, with chronic effects being scrutinized in less than 20% of trials. Chronic interventions averaged 7.4 ± 5.1 weeks and never exceeded 6 months. Most trials (~ 85%) implemented stretching within the warm-up, with other application timings (e.g., post-exercise) being under-researched. Most trials examined static active stretching (62.3%), followed by dynamic stretching (38.3%) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching (12.0%), with scarce research on alternative methods (e.g., ballistic stretching). Comparators were mostly limited to passive controls, with ~ 25% of trials including active controls (e.g., strength training). The lower limbs were primarily targeted by interventions (~ 75%). Reporting of dose was heterogeneous in style (e.g., 10 repetitions versus 10 s for dynamic stretching) and completeness of information (i.e., with disparities in the comprehensiveness of the provided information). Most trials (~ 90%) reported performance-related outcomes (mainly strength/power and range of motion); sport-specific outcomes were collected in less than 15% of trials. Biomechanical, physiological, and neural/psychological outcomes were assessed sparsely and heterogeneously; only five trials investigated injury-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is room for improvement, with many areas of research on stretching being underexplored and others currently too heterogeneous for reliable comparisons between studies. There is limited representation of elite-level athletes (~ 5% tier 4 and no tier 5) and underpowered sample sizes (≤ 20 participants). Research was biased toward adult male athletes of sports not requiring extreme ranges of motion, and mostly assessed the acute effects of static active stretching and dynamic stretching during the warm-up. Dose-response relationships remain largely underexplored. Outcomes were mostly limited to general performance testing. Injury prevention and other effects of stretching remain poorly investigated. These relevant research gaps should be prioritized by funding policies. REGISTRATION OSF project ( https://osf.io/6auyj/ ) and registration ( https://osf.io/gu8ya ).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica Espregueira-FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-153, Porto, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Laporta
- Núcleo de Estudos em Performance Analysis Esportiva (NEPAE/UFSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Zeki Akyildiz
- Sports Science Faculty, Department of Coaching Education, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pizarro
- Faculty of Sport, Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 7591538, Santiago, Chile
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
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Keriven H, Sánchez Sierra A, González de-la-Flor Á, García-Arrabé M, Bravo-Aguilar M, de la Plaza San Frutos M, Garcia-Perez-de-Sevilla G, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Domínguez-Balmaseda D. Effects of combined treatment with transcranial and peripheral electromagnetic stimulation on performance and pain recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise in young athletes. A randomized clinical trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1267315. [PMID: 37900951 PMCID: PMC10603222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1267315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a common interest in finding a common consensus in the approach of athletes suffering from DOMS with the aim of accelerating recovery and thereby enhancing performance. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of a paired-associative transcranial and peripheral electromagnetic stimulation on young athletes suffering from DOMS, induced by 1 h of eccentric and plyometric exercises. Methods: Forty-eight young athletes participated in this randomized control trial: 13 were assigned to the peripheral group (P); 12 were in the control group (Cont); 11 were assigned to the transcranial group (T) and 12 were included in the paired-associative group (Comb). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain perception and the mechanical Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) were the tools used to analyze the symptoms of DOMS. On the other hand, the Half Squat (HS) test evaluated with an accelerometer, and the 30 m sprint velocity (30-mSP) test were used to observe the evolution of the sports performance of the lower limbs. All evaluations were performed before and after the eccentric exercise session that caused DOMS, as well as at 24-48, and 72 h afterward. Results: The AS group improved the symptoms of the induced DOMS, since significant positive differences were observed in the VAS and PPT compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). In addition, the AS group showed a significant improvement in the HS and the 30-mSP tests (p < 0.001). Based on the results a treatment with both peripheral and transcranial electromagnetic stimulation improves recovery and performance in athletes at 72 h, although these data would need to be verified in future research with a larger sample size. Conclusion: Paired-associative electromagnetic stimulation improved DOMS symptomatology, velocity, and sports performance in the lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Keriven
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez Sierra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Phisioterapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Toledo Physiotherapy Research Group (GIFTO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel González de-la-Flor
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Arrabé
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bravo-Aguilar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta de la Plaza San Frutos
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Exercise Therapy and Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Perez-de-Sevilla
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Pałka T, Maciejczyk M, Czerwińska-Ledwig O, Tota Ł, Bawelski M, Leiva-Arcas A, Stabrawa R, Bujas P, Mucha D, Wiśniewski A, Piotrowska A. Effects of Vibrotherapy with Different Characteristics and Body Position on Post-Exercise Recovery after Anaerobic Exercise. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4629. [PMID: 37510743 PMCID: PMC10380729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this project was to indicate the optimal parameters such as frequency, duration of a single vibrotherapy, and body position, which will be used as a form of recovery modality after physical exercise. Sixteen healthy male volunteers were involved in this study. The aerobic and anaerobic capacity of participants was assessed. Each of the subjects performed a set of intensive physical exercises and then underwent vibrotherapy treatment. In random order, each of the men tested the effectiveness of eight of the combinations of frequency, duration, and body position. The effect of the procedure accelerating recovery was assessed 24 h after physical exercise with the Wingate test. Changes in oxygen saturation and biochemical markers (interleukins: Il-1β, Il-6, and creatine kinase: CK), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were assessed 1 h and 24 h after the physical effort. Lactate concentrations were measured 3, 15, 30, and 60 min after the end of the vibration. It was indicated that the optimal treatment should be based on lower ranges of frequency values (2-52 Hz). The procedure with raised feet is also more beneficial than the flat, supine position. To improve the overall work, and a number of biochemical markers (CK and Il-1β), a 45 min treatment will be more efficient, because significantly lower CK activity was indicated for the 45 min treatment. For this duration, higher values of Il-1β were indicated in the measurement carried out for samples collected 60 min after the treatment and lower in the measurement carried out 24 h after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bawelski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alejandro Leiva-Arcas
- Faculty of Sport, San Antonio de Murcia Catholic University Los Jerónimos Campus, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Rafał Stabrawa
- Institute of Physical Education, State Higher School of Vocational Education, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bujas
- Department of Sports Theory and Anthropomotorics, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Mucha
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiśniewski
- II Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Stefan Żeromski Specialist Hospital, 31-913 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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Xue X, Hao Y, Yang X, Zhang C, Xu J, Wu X, Deng Z, Li N. Effect of Kinesio tape and Compression sleeves on delayed onset of muscle soreness: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:392. [PMID: 37198619 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Kinesio Tape (KT) and Compression Sleeves (CS) can relieve Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) to a certain extent, but there is no study report on the difference in the effectiveness of the KT and CS whether the effect is better when used at the same time. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of KT and CS on the recovery of muscle soreness, isokinetic strength, and body fatigue after DOMS. METHODS In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 32 participants aged 18 to 24 years were randomly divided into Control group (CG), Compression Sleeves group (CSG), Kinesio Tape group (KTG), Compression Sleeves and Kinesio Tape group (CSKTG), between October 2021 and January 2022. KTG uses Kinesio Tape, CSG wears Compression Sleeves, and CSKTG uses both Compression Sleeves and Kinesio Tape. Outcomes were performed at five-time points (baseline, 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h), Primary outcome was pain level Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Secondary outcomes were Interleukin 6, Peak Torque/Body Weight, Work Fatigue. Statistical analyses were performed using the repeated measures analysis of variance method. SETTING Laboratory. RESULTS After the intervention, VAS reached the highest at 24 h after exercise-induced muscle soreness, while the KTG and CSG at each time point were less than CG, and the scores of CSKTG at 24 h and 48 h were less than those of KTG and CSG in the same period (P < 0.05). Interleukin 6, at 24 h, CSKTG is lower than KTG 0.71(95%CI: 0.43 to 1.86) and CG 1.68(95%CI: 0.06 to 3.29). Peak Torque/Body Weight, at 24 h, CG was lower than CSKTG 0.99(95%CI: 0.42 to 1.56), KTG 0.94(95%CI: 0.37 to 1.52), and CSG 0.72(95%CI: 0.14 to 1.29); at 72 h, CG was lower than CSKTG 0.65(95%CI: 0.13 to 1.17) and KTG 0.58(95%CI: 0.06 to 1.10). Work Fatigue, at 24 h, CG was lower than KTG 0.10(95%CI: 0.02 to 1.78) and CSKTG 0.01(95%CI: -0.07 to 0.09). At 48 h, CG was lower than KTG 0.10(95%CI: 0.13 to 1.17) and CSKTG 0.11(95%CI: 0.03 to 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Kinesio Tape can significantly reduce DOMS pain, and Kinesio Tape has a better recovery effect on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness than Compression Sleeves. Kinesio Tape combined with Compression Sleeves is helpful to alleviate the Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness pain, speeding up the recovery of muscle strength, and shortening the recovery time after Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number: This study was also registered on 11/10/2021, at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051973).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Xue
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuerong Hao
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongyi Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Sulistyarto S, Irawan R, Kumaat NA, Rimawati N. Correlation of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Inflammation Post-exercise Induced Muscle Damage. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a common injury resulting from abnormal intensive training in athletes, mainly the result of training involving eccentric contractions.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the incidence of DOMS and HMGB1 as a marker of the occurrence of inflammation post Exercise Induces Muscle Damaged.
METHOD: 28 male recreational students of Sports Science Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya who met all inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this study. Participants completed a muscle damaging exercise which consists of a 10x10 drop jump (DRP) and a bout of 40×15 m sprints with a 5 m deceleration zone (SPR) to obtain a muscle damage effect. In this study, the stretching in the exercise session was not given, this was done to get the DOMS effect after exercise. DOMS and HMGB1 was carry out 1 hour before the exercise, 12 hours after the exercise, 24 hours after the exercise and 48 hours after the exercise.
RESULT: The result showed that there was a significant correlation (r=0.935, p<0.05) between DOMS and HMGB1 as a predictor of inflammation. The participants that were given EIMD eccentric exercise (DRP and SPR) showed the occurrence of DOMS and increasing of HMGB1. The result also showed that there was a correlation between DOMS and HMGB1.
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that there was a correlation between DOMS and HMGB1 as a marker of inflammation as the result of the eccentric exercise of the exercise Induced Muscle Damage (EIMD).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is caused by unaccustomed exercise, especially eccentric exercise, and is highly likely to cause skeletal muscle injury. It mainly manifests as ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle, as well as decreased muscle strength, muscle soreness, swelling, and elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK). Vibration training (VT) has been attracting increasing attention as a new type of rehabilitation therapy. It can effectively minimize the occurrence and relieve the symptoms of DOMS, reduce muscle stiffness and soreness, and reduce serum concentrations of CK and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This article systematically assessed the impact of VT on the mitigation of DOMS through a meta-analysis to provide updated evidence-based information. METHODS Electronic databases such as China Knowledge Network, VIP Electronics, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of VT on DOMS. Searches were performed from database creation to November 2021. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane Manual for the Systematic Review of Interventions, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS VT intervention in DOMS was shown to effectively reduce subjective pain, improve pain tolerance, and accelerate the reduction of serum CK and LDH concentrations. Subgroup analysis of different test time periods showed that subjective pain decreased more significantly after 48 hours than after the other 2 time periods, and pain tolerance increased more significantly after 72 hours than the other 2 time periods; serum CK was significantly increased after 24 and 48 hours of intervention, but showed no significant change compared with the control group after 72 hours. Serum LDH decreased significantly after 24 hours of intervention, but there was no significant difference compared with the control group after 48 hours or 72 hours. CONCLUSION VT effectively reduced the subjective pain sensation after DOMS, increased the pain threshold, reduced serum LDH and CK concentrations, and accelerated muscle damage repair compared with control interventions. However, the effect of improving the range of motion of the joints is not clear and should be studied further. REGISTRATION number: INPLASY2021120115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yin
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangqi Duan
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hejia Cai
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Junzhi Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
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Cheng L, Wang K, He B, Yan Y. Effect of vertical vibration stimulation at different frequencies on delayed muscle soreness in athletes: A randomized trial. Front Public Health 2022; 10:980454. [PMID: 36311634 PMCID: PMC9614366 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.980454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of stimulation with different vibration frequencies on delayed muscle soreness (DOMS) has not yet been determined. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of medium- and high-frequency vertical vibration stimulation on DOMS in track and field athletes. Methods A total of 38 elite men's track and field athletes were recruited during the off-season. Through the digital randomization method, the participants were divided into three groups. Two-knee DOMS modeling was performed on the medium-frequency group (MFG, 25 Hz, n = 13), high-frequency group (HFG, 50 Hz, n = 12) and control group (CG, 0 Hz, n = 13). The three groups were matched in age, height and body mass. Vertical vibration stimulation was performed for 10 min on the MFG and HFG. Visual analog score (VAS); interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels and knee extension peak torque (PT) were determined immediately and at 24, 48, and 72 h after vibration. Results The 48 and 72 h VASs of the HFG were lower than those of the MFG and CG. The immediate and 24 and 48 h IL-6 concentrations in the HFG were lower than those in the CG. The 24 h IL-6 concentration in the HFG was lower than that in the MFG and that in the MFG was lower than that in the CG. LDH concentrations at different time points did not differ amongst groups. Immediate and 24 h CK concentrations were lower in the HFG than in the CG. The immediate and 24, 48, and 72 h knee extensions at 60°/s PT were lower in the HFG than in the CG. The immediate and 24 and 48 h knee extension at 60 °/s PT in the MFG were lower than those in the CG. The 24 h knee extension (240°/s peak torque) value in the HFG was lower than that in the CG. Conclusion Stimulation with 50 Hz (amplitude of 3 mm) vibration can reduce the muscle pain, IL-6 and CK concentrations and knee extension loss caused by DOMS. However, stimulation with 25 Hz (amplitude of 3 mm) vibration had poor effects. Results suggested that high-frequency vibration training is an effective strategy for relieving DOMS after intensive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,Human Movement Science, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Benxiang He
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Benxiang He
| | - Yang Yan
- Human Movement Science, Sichuan Sports College, Chengdu, China,Yang Yan
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Morgan JPM, Hamm M, Schmitz C, Brem MH. Return to play after treating acute muscle injuries in elite football players with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:708. [PMID: 34876172 PMCID: PMC8650394 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare lay-off times achieved by treating acute muscle injuries in elite football players with a multimodal therapy approach that includes a specific protocol of almost daily radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) with corresponding data reported in the literature. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of treatments and recovery times of muscle injuries suffered by the players of an elite football team competing in the first/second German Bundesliga during one of the previous seasons. Results A total of 20 acute muscle injuries were diagnosed and treated in the aforementioned season, of which eight (40%) were diagnosed as Type 1a/muscular tightness injuries, five (25%) as Type 2b/muscle strain injuries, four (20%) as Type 3a/partial muscle tear injuries and three (15%) as contusions. All injuries were treated with the previously mentioned multimodal therapy approach. Compared with data reported by Ekstrand et al. (Br J Sports Med 47:769–774, 2013), lay-off times (median/mean) were shortened by 54% and 58%, respectively, in the case of Type 1a injuries, by 50% and 55%, respectively, in the case of Type 2b injuries as well as by 8% and 21%, respectively, in the case of Type 3a injuries. No adverse reactions were observed. Conclusions Overall, the multimodal therapy approach investigated in this study is a safe and effective treatment approach for treating Type 1a and 2b acute muscle injuries amongst elite football players and may help to prevent more severe, structural muscle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P M Morgan
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Research Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mario Hamm
- Task Force "Future of Professional Football", DFL Deutsche Fussball Liga, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Research Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias H Brem
- Curathleticum Clinic, Nuremberg, Germany.,Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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