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Liu X, Liu X, Wang H, Chen M, Zhang G, Ren D, Zhang N, Wei W. Quantitative proteomic analysis of circulating exosomes reveals the mechanism by which Triptolide protects against collagen-induced arthritis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1322. [PMID: 38888462 PMCID: PMC11184934 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triptolide (TP), a natural product derived from the herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects in rheumatoid arthritis remain incompletely understood. METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by immunization with bovine type II collagen, and TP was administrated as treatment. The therapeutic effect of TP was evaluated based on paw swelling, histopathology, and serum levels of inflammatory factors. Exosomes isolated from rat serum were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and western blot analysis. Proteomic profiling of exosomes was analyzed by direct DIA quantitative proteomics analysis. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were employed for enrichment analysis related to molecular function, biological processes, and signaling pathways. Western blot analysis was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS TP treatment ameliorated arthritic phenotypes in CIA rats as evidenced by reduced arthritis score, paw swelling, pathological injury severity scores, and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. The proteomic analysis revealed that TP treatment significantly inhibited complement and coagulation cascades, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and cholesterol metabolism, which were reactivated in CIA rats. Importantly, lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were markedly upregulated in the CIA group but suppressed upon TP administration. Furthermore, in synovial tissues, LCN2 and MPO expression levels were also elevated in the CIA group but decreased following TP treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that TP alleviates CIA, possibly through modulation of exosomal LCN2 and MPO proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchan Liu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Binhai HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesTianjin Medical University Baodi Clinical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Dongyun Ren
- Department of Infectious DiseasesTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Meng M, Wang L, Yao Y, Lin D, Wang C, Yao J, Sun H, Liu M. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) attenuates rheumatic arthritis in rats through inactivating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155010. [PMID: 37586160 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not many drugs with fewer side effects are available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) has good immunomodulatory effects, but whether it is effective in managing RA is not clear. PURPOSE This study was conducted to examine the anti-RA activity and possible mechanisms of GLPP in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were intradermally injected with bovine type II collagen in the tail base to establish the CIA model and were orally administered 100 or 200 mg/kg GLPP for 35 days. Paw thickness, clinical arthritis scores, gait analysis, organ index determination, blood cell counts, micro-CT imaging and pathological staining were performed on the rats. Liver and kidney function were measured by commercial kits, and antibody levels were measured by ELISA kits. RA-related protein levels were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS GLPP effectively alleviated CIA symptoms and reduced immune organ indexes, antibody levels and systemic organ injury. GLPP decreased the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, MMP13, BCL-2, OPN, β-Catenin, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and increased the protein expression of BAX in the joint tissues of CIA rats. Moreover, GLPP decreased the phosphorylation levels of p65, IκB-α and ERK1/2. CONCLUSION GLPP effectively alleviated RA symptoms in CIA rats by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This study suggests a promising therapeutic effect of mushroom-derived polysaccharide peptides on RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianfu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
| | - DongMei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Wang J, Wang Z, Lan T, Zhang L, Li Z, Wang X, Zou Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Luo R, Zhang N, Xu Y, Li M, Tao Q. Wangbi granule as a combination therapy to achieve clinical deep remission in rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for a multicenter, triple-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Chin Med 2023; 18:22. [PMID: 36855169 PMCID: PMC9976371 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that may lead to bone erosion and disability. Although there are many biological therapies in RA treatment nowadays, such as etanercept and tofacitinib, there are still a considerable number of patients who cannot achieve clinical deep remission, which makes patients feel pain and stiffness of joints. As a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Wangbi granule showed a synergistic role with methotrexate in the treatment of RA patients with "kidney deficiency and dampness" or "stasis blocking channels". Therefore, it is a promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical deep remission of RA. In this study, Wangbi granule will be used as the test drug. The investigators conduct this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wangbi granule in the treatment of patients who have not achieved deep remission despite the use of methotrexate and tofacitinib. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Two parallel randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trials will be conducted. In six study centers, 340 eligible RA patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the control group (in a 1:1 ratio). They will receive Wangbi granule or Wangbi placebo 12.0 g each time, three times a day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the disease activity score derivative for 28 joints (DAS28). Secondary outcomes are patient-reported outcomes, American College of Rheumatology 50% response criteria (ACR50), fatigue scale-14 (FS-14), visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) and biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). EXPECTED OUTCOMES The success of this study will provide strong evidence to confirm the efficacy and safety of Wangbi granule in the treatment of RA. Trial registration The trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials Registry (NCT05540938, Date: 09/15/2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05540938 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenbin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zou
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rheumatology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Li
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruili Luo
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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An intersectional analysis of LncRNAs and mRNAs reveals the potential therapeutic targets of Bi Zhong Xiao Decoction in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Chin Med 2022; 17:110. [PMID: 36109779 PMCID: PMC9479270 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bi Zhong Xiao decoction (BZXD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been used clinically for many years to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both clinical and experimental studies have revealed that BZXD is effective in treating RA, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of efficacy of BZXD through transcriptomic analysis of lncRNA and mRNA. Methods The combination method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to assess the quality of BZXD. The efficacy of BZXD in treating collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated by clinical assessment, weight changes, hematoxylin–eosin and safranin o-fast green staining, and Micro-CT. Arraystar rat lncRNA-mRNA chip technology was used to determine the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of the Control, CIA and BZXD groups, and to screen gene expression profiles related to the curative effect of BZXD. A lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed for the therapeutic efficacy genes. Through GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the biological functions and signaling pathways of therapeutic efficacy genes were determined. Based on fold change and functional annotation, key differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were selected for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation. The functions of lncRNAs targeting mRNAs were verified in vitro. Results We demonstrated that BZXD could effectively reverse bone erosion. After BZXD treatment, up to 33 lncRNAs and 107 mRNAs differentially expressed genes were reversely regulated by BZXD. These differentially expressed lncRNAs are mainly involved in the biological process of the immune response and are closely related to the ECM-receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, Focal adhesion, Ras signaling pathway, Antigen processing and presentation, and Chemokine signaling pathway. We identified four lncRNAs (uc.361−, ENSRNOT00000092834, ENSRNOT00000089244, ENSRNOT00000084631) and three mRNAs (Acvr2a, Cbx2, Morc4) as potential therapeutic targets for BZXD and their microarray data consistent with the RT-qPCR. In vitro experiments confirmed that silencing the lncRNAs ENSRNOT00000092834 and ENSRNOT00000084631 reversed the expression of target mRNAs. Conclusions This study elucidates the possible mechanism of BZXD reversing bone erosion in CIA rats from the perspective of lncRNA and mRNA. To provide a basis and direction for further exploration of the mechanism of BZXD in treating RA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00670-z.
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Wu SS, Hao LJ, Shi YY, Lu ZJ, Yu JL, Jiang SQ, Liu QL, Wang T, Guo SY, Li P, Li F. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Effects and Mechanism of the Wang-Bi Capsule for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7825-7836. [PMID: 35284738 PMCID: PMC8908527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wang-Bi capsule (WB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based herbal formula, and it has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China for many years. Additionally, WB is also used as a supplement to the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical practice. Our research aimed to reveal the therapeutic effects and underling mechanism of WB on RA and OA through computational system pharmacology analysis and experimental study. Based on network pharmacology analysis, a total of 173 bioactive compounds interacted with 417 common gene targets related to WB, RA, and OA, which mainly involved the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In addition, the serine-threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1) might be a core gene protein for the action of WB, which was further emphasized by molecular docking. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of WB in vitro was confirmed by reducing NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. The anti-RA and OA effects of WB in vivo were confirmed by ameliorating the disease symptoms of collagen II-induced RA (CIA) and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA (MIA) in rats, respectively. Furthermore, the role of the PI3K-Akt pathway in the action of WB was preliminarily verified by western blot analysis. In conclusion, our study elucidated that WB is a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of RA and OA, which might be achieved by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. It provides us with systematic insights into the effects and mechanism of WB on RA and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Jun Hao
- School
of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhuo-Jian Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Si-Qi Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Ling Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal
Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Shi-Ying Guo
- China
Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Ping Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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