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Uchôa LRA, Brunelli JM, Alves IDS, Leite CDC, Martin MDGM, Takahashi JT. Imaging of vertigo and dizziness: a site-based approach part 3 (Brainstem, cerebellum and miscellaneous). Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2024:S0887-2171(24)00067-2. [PMID: 39374862 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Dizziness and vertigo, frequently associated with cerebrovascular origins, pose a substantial challenge in emergency medical settings due to their potential to be associated with severe underlying conditions. Sudden-onset dizziness, in particular, may be an early indicator of critical events such as stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). This comprehensive review encompasses the differential diagnosis of central causes of dizziness and vertigo, emphasizing the crucial role of imaging modalities in the accurate detection and assessment, including cerebrovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, infections, and other conditions such as vestibular migraine and cervical spondylosis. It highlights the significance of advanced imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in identifying and distinguishing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Ricardo Araújo Uchôa
- Head and Neck Radiology and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Julia Martins Brunelli
- Head and Neck Radiology and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Dos Santos Alves
- Head and Neck Radiology and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudia da Costa Leite
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria da Graça Morais Martin
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês; Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Tomio Takahashi
- Head and Neck Radiology and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Yan Q, Chen C, Zhu B, Wang Y. Association of Metabolic Syndrome or Weather Conditions with the Severity and Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. J Int Adv Otol 2024; 20:203-209. [PMID: 39158215 PMCID: PMC11232085 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2024.231059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
It is reported that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is closely related to diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. While the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease that includes diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, which are known to be associated with SSNHL. Weather conditions have long been known to affect the SSNHL. This study aimed to make a clear connection between MetS, or weather conditions, and the severity and prognosis of SSNHL. 127 SSNHL patients have been divided into the MetS group and the non-MetS group, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 2 groups have been analyzed retrospectively. There were 52 (40.9%) patients in the MetS group, while there were 75 (59.1%) patients in the non-MetS group. The rate of vertigo, hypertension, diabetes, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, high triglyceride (TG), and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 (kg/m2 ) were significantly higher in the MetS group than those in non-MetS group. Vertigo, hypertension, and Mets were linked to the severity of hearing loss. The rate of complete recovery and partial recovery in the MetS group was clearly lower than that in non-MetS group. According to the multivariate analysis, MetS was significantly associated with a poorer prognosis of SSNHL; a high ambient temperature difference at onset and hypertension were correlated with a poor prognosis. These results demonstrate that the severity and prognosis of SSNHL can be influenced by the MetS. High ambient temperature differences at onset and hypertension were indicators of a poor prognosis for SSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
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Qiu CW, Chen B, Zhu HF, Liang YL, Mao LS. Gastrodin alleviates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis via the SIRT1/FOXO3A/GPX4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117282. [PMID: 37802374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cisplatin (CP) results in acute kidney injury (AKI) and negatively affects patients' therapy and survival. The dried rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume has been used to treat clinical kidney diseases. Gastrodin (GAS) is an active ingredient of the G. elata tuber. It is unknown whether GAS can alleviate CP-induced AKI. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether GAS, an active ingredient of G. elata Blume, can alleviate CP-induced AKI and to explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were conducted with a CP-induced AKI mouse model and an immortalized human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). Serum creatinine, Periodic acid-Schiff staining, tissue iron, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and 4-Hydroxynonenal were detected in serum and kidney samples to observe whether GAS inhibits CP-induced tubule ferroptosis. The drug target was verified by detecting the effects of GAS on sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity in vitro. Transcriptional regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) by forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) was verified by siRNA knockdown, overexpression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The effects of FOXO3A, SIRT1, and GAS on CP-induced ferroptosis were measured with propidium iodide, dihydroethidium, monobromobimane, and dipyrromethene boron difluoride staining in HK-2 cells. The relationship between GAS and the SIRT1/FOXO3A/GPX4 pathway was studied using Western blotting. RESULTS GAS treatment inhibited CP-induced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and tubule death in the cell and animal models. GAS activated SIRT1 in vitro. The SIRT1 inhibitor blocked the protective role of GAS in reducing lipid peroxidation in HK-2 cells. FOXO3A transcriptionally regulated GPX4 expression and inhibited CP-induced cell ferroptosis. Compared to CP-damaged mouse kidneys, GAS-treated mice demonstrated significantly increased SIRT1 and GPX4 expression levels, decreased CP-induced acetylation of FOXO3A, and inhibited lipid peroxidation and cell death. CONCLUSIONS GAS alleviated CP-induced AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis via the SIRT1/FOXO3A/GPX4 signaling pathway. The results offer new insights into the development of new anti-AKI drugs from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Wei Qiu
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Organ Fibrosis by Integrated Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui-Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ying-Lan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin-Shen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Cao W, Lan J, Zeng Z, Yu W, Lei S. Gastrodin Induces Ferroptosis of Glioma Cells via Upregulation of Homeobox D10. Molecules 2023; 28:8062. [PMID: 38138552 PMCID: PMC10745471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin, the primary bioactive compound found in Gastrodia elata, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective properties in a range of neurological disorders. However, the precise mechanisms through which gastrodin influences glioma cells remain unclear, and there is a scarcity of data regarding its specific effects. To ascertain the viability of glioma cell lines LN229, U251, and T98, the CCK-8 assay, a colony formation assay, and a 3D culture model were employed, utilizing varying concentrations of gastrodin (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM). Gastrodin exhibited a notable inhibitory effect on the growth of glioma cells, as evidenced by its ability to suppress colony formation and spheroid formation. Additionally, gastrodin induced ferroptosis in glioma cells, as it can increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids, and reduced the levels of glutathione. Using a subcutaneous tumor model, gastrodin was found to significantly inhibit the growth of the T98 glioma cell line in vivo. Using high-throughput sequencing, PPI analysis, and RT-qPCR, we successfully identified Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) as the principal target of gastrodin. Gastrodin administration significantly enhanced the expression of HOXD10 in glioma cells. Furthermore, treatment with gastrodin facilitated the transcription of ACSL4 via HOXD10. Notably, the inhibition of HOXD10 expression impeded ferroptosis in the cells, which was subsequently restored upon rescue with gastrodin treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that gastrodin acts as an anti-cancer agent by inducing ferroptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in HOXD10/ACSL4-dependent pathways. As a prospective treatment for gliomas, gastrodin will hopefully be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jinzhi Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.L.); (Z.Z.)
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Liao J, Qing X, Deng G, Xiao Y, Fu Y, Han S, Li X, Gan Y, Li W. Gastrodin destabilizes survivin and overcomes pemetrexed resistance. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110851. [PMID: 37586466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is a bifunctional protein that plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we discovered that the natural product gastrodin suppressed the cell viability and colony formation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549, HCC827, and H460 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, gastrodin enhanced the protein levels of cleaved-caspase 3 by activating the endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Gastrodin inhibits protein kinase B (Akt)/WEE1/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) signaling to downregulate survivin Thr34 phosphorylation. Survivin Thr34 dephosphorylation caused by gastrodin interfered with the binding of ubiquitin-specific protease 19 (USP19), which eventually destabilized survivin. We revealed that the growth of NSCLC xenograft tumors was markedly suppressed by gastrodin in vivo. Furthermore, gastrodin overcomes pemetrexed resistance in vivo or in vitro. Our results suggest that gastrodin is a potential antitumor agent by reducing survivin in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhuang Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Qing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Gaoyan Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeqing Xiao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Hunan Chest Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Fu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangze Han
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Ng CYJ, Bun HH, Zhao Y, Zhong LLD. TCM "medicine and food homology" in the management of post-COVID disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1234307. [PMID: 37720220 PMCID: PMC10500073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of global concern on May 5, 2023. Post-COVID disorders are, however, becoming more common. Hence, there lies a growing need to develop safe and effective treatment measures to manage post-COVID disorders. Investigating the use of TCM medicinal foods in the long-term therapy of post-COVID illnesses may be beneficial given contemporary research's emphasis on the development of medicinal foods. Scope and approach The use of medicinal foods for the long-term treatment of post-COVID disorders is highlighted in this review. Following a discussion of the history of the TCM "Medicine and Food Homology" theory, the pathophysiological effects of post-COVID disorders will be briefly reviewed. An analysis of TCM medicinal foods and their functions in treating post-COVID disorders will then be provided before offering some insight into potential directions for future research and application. Key findings and discussion TCM medicinal foods can manage different aspects of post-COVID disorders. The use of medicinal foods in the long-term management of post-COVID illnesses may be a safe and efficient therapy choice because they are typically milder in nature than chronic drug use. These findings may also be applied in the long-term post-disease treatment of similar respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hung Hung Bun
- The University of Hong Kong (HKU) School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda L. D. Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196221. [PMID: 36234757 PMCID: PMC9571643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this kidney disease are still limited. The pathogenesis of DKD involves glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to inflammation and aggravate renal fibrosis. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which natural compounds exert their effects against the progression of DKD. The accumulated and collected data revealed that some natural compounds could regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, renal fibrosis, and activate autophagy, thereby protecting the kidney. The main pathways targeted by these reviewed compounds include the Nrf2 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, autophagy, glycolipid metabolism and ER stress. This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of DKD progression, aimed to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and references for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of DKD.
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Potential Targets and Action Mechanism of Gastrodin in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3607053. [PMID: 36133787 PMCID: PMC9484880 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3607053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Gastrodin is a main medicinal component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), presenting the potential for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the underlying targets and action mechanisms of the treatment have not been identified. Methods The gastrodin-related microarray dataset GSE85871 was obtained from the GEO database and analyzed by GEO2R to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the targets of gastrodin were supplemented by the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM), PubChem, STITCH, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. ADHD-associated genes were collected from six available disease databases (i.e., TTD, DrugBank, OMIM, PharmGKB, GAD, and KEGG DISEASE). The potential targets of gastrodin during ADHD treatment were obtained by mapping gastrodin-related targets with ADHD genes, and their protein–protein interaction (PPI) relationship was constructed by the STRING database. The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the ClueGO plug-in in the Cytoscape software and DAVID database, respectively. Finally, the binding affinity between gastrodin and important targets was verified by molecular docking. Results A total of 460 gastrodin-related DEGs were identified from GSE85871, and 124 known gastrodin targets were supplemented from 4 databases, including ETCM. A total of 440 genes were collected from the above 6 disease databases, and 267 ADHD-relevant genes were obtained after duplicate removal. Through mapping the 584 gastrodin targets to the 267 ADHD genes, 16 potential therapeutic targets were obtained, among which the important ones were DRD2, DRD4, CHRNA3, CYP1A1, TNF, IL6, and KCNJ3. The enrichment analysis results indicated that 16 potential targets were involved in 25 biological processes (e.g., dopamine (DA) transport) and 22 molecular functions (e.g., postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity), which were mainly localized at excitatory synapses. The neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cholinergic synapse, and dopaminergic synapse might be the core pathways of gastrodin in ADHD treatment. Through molecular docking, it was preliminarily verified that gastrodin showed good binding activity to seven important targets and formed stable binding conformations. Conclusions Gastrodin might exert an anti-ADHD effect by upgrading the dopaminergic system and central cholinergic system, inhibiting the inflammatory response and GIRK channel, and exerting a synergistic effect with other drugs on ADHD. For this reason, gastrodin should be considered a multitarget drug for ADHD treatment.
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Zhang YX, Wang HX, Li QX, Chen AX, Wang XX, Zhou S, Xie ST, Li HZ, Wang JJ, Zhang Q, Zhang XY, Zhu JN. A comparative study of vestibular improvement and gastrointestinal effect of betahistine and gastrodin in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113344. [PMID: 35780620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Betahistine and gastrodin are the first-line medications for vestibular disorders in clinical practice, nevertheless, their amelioration effects on vestibular dysfunctions still lack direct comparison and their unexpected extra-vestibular effects remain elusive. Recent clinical studies have indicated that both of them may have effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, we purposed to systematically compare both vestibular and GI effects induced by betahistine and gastrodin and tried to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their GI effects. Our results showed that betahistine and gastrodin indeed had similar therapeutic effects on vestibular-associated motor dysfunction induced by unilateral labyrinthectomy. However, betahistine reduced total GI motility with gastric hypomotility and colonic hypermotility, whereas gastrodin did not influence total GI motility with only slight colonic hypermotility. In addition, betahistine, at normal dosages, induced a slight injury of gastric mucosa. These GI effects may be due to the different effects of betahistine and gastrodin on substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide secretion in stomach and/or colon, and agonistic/anatgonistic effects of betahistine on histamine H1 and H3 receptors expressed in GI mucosal cells and H3 receptors distributed on nerves within the myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Furthermore, treatment of betahistine and gastrodin had potential effects on gut microbiota composition, which could lead to changes in host-microbiota homeostasis in turn. These results demonstrate that gastrodin has a consistent improvement effect on vestibular functions compared with betahistine but less effect on GI functions and gut microbiota, suggesting that gastrodin may be more suitable for vestibular disease patients with GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ao-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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