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Balykina A, Naida L, Kirkgöz K, Nikolaev VO, Fock E, Belyakov M, Whaley A, Whaley A, Shpakova V, Rukoyatkina N, Gambaryan S. Antiplatelet Effects of Flavonoid Aglycones Are Mediated by Activation of Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4864. [PMID: 38732081 PMCID: PMC11084604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid aglycones are secondary plant metabolites that exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiplatelet effects. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying their inhibitory effect on platelet activation remain poorly understood. In this study, we applied flow cytometry to analyze the effects of six flavonoid aglycones (luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, eriodictyol, kaempferol, and apigenin) on platelet activation, phosphatidylserine externalization, formation of reactive oxygen species, and intracellular esterase activity. We found that these compounds significantly inhibit thrombin-induced platelet activation and decrease formation of reactive oxygen species in activated platelets. The tested aglycones did not affect platelet viability, apoptosis induction, or procoagulant platelet formation. Notably, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, and apigenin increased thrombin-induced thromboxane synthase activity, which was analyzed by a spectrofluorimetric method. Our results obtained from Western blot analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that the antiplatelet properties of the studied phytochemicals are mediated by activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically, we established by using Förster resonance energy transfer that the molecular mechanisms are, at least partly, associated with the inhibition of phosphodiesterases 2 and/or 5. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of flavonoid aglycones for clinical application as antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balykina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.B.); (E.F.); (A.W.); (N.R.)
- Faculty of General Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Lidia Naida
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia;
| | - Kürsat Kirkgöz
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.K.); (V.O.N.)
| | - Viacheslav O. Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.K.); (V.O.N.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Fock
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.B.); (E.F.); (A.W.); (N.R.)
| | - Michael Belyakov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Saint Petersburg 188663, Russia;
| | - Anastasiia Whaley
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.B.); (E.F.); (A.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia;
| | - Andrei Whaley
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia;
| | - Valentina Shpakova
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK;
| | - Natalia Rukoyatkina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.B.); (E.F.); (A.W.); (N.R.)
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; (A.B.); (E.F.); (A.W.); (N.R.)
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Guo Z, Ye G, Tang C, Xiong H. Exploring effect of herbal monomers in treating gouty arthritis based on nuclear factor-kappa B signaling: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37089. [PMID: 38306549 PMCID: PMC10843426 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gouty arthritis (GA) is an inflammatory disease caused by disorders of the purine metabolism. Although increasing number of drugs have been used to treat GA with the deepening of relevant research, GA still cannot be cured by simple drug therapy. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of GA. A considerable number of Chinese herbal medicines have emerged as new drugs for the treatment of GA. This article collected relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of GA using NF-κB, GA, etc. as keywords; and conducted a systematic search of relevant published articles using the PubMed database. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine monomers on GA in the existing literature through in vivo and in vitro experiments using animal and cell models. Based on this review, we believe that traditional Chinese medicine monomers that can treat GA through the NF-κB signaling pathway are potential new drug development targets. This study provides research ideas for the development and application of new drugs for GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghao Guo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjian Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Wang K, Li J, Zheng X, Xu J, Wang Z, Li S, Yang Q, Wu Y, Yang DH, Yao S, Zheng X. The pharmacological effects and safety of the raw and prepared folium of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. on improving kidney-yang deficiency syndrome and sexual dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1233468. [PMID: 37521477 PMCID: PMC10376692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1233468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KDS) is a group of diseases related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sexual dysfunction. The folium of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. (FEB) includes raw and prepared slices, named RFEB and PFEB, respectively. PFEB is traditionally believed to be good for tonifying kidney-Yang and improving sexual dysfunction. However, there are few studies comparing the pharmacological effects of RFEB and PFEB, and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects and safety of RFEB and PFEB on the HPA axis and sexual function. Additionally, the mechanisms of their roles in relation to the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) network in the KDS model mice were explored. Methods: Male adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with corticosterone to establish a KDS mouse model, and RFEB and PFEB were administered intragastrically. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), testosterone levels and oxidative damage indexes were measured. The mRNA and protein levels of CRH and ACTH in hypothalamus and pituitary, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in corpus cavernosum were examined. TNFα, IL-6, NF-κB, eNOS and PDE5 were investigated in mouse corpus cavernosum. Results: Our results showed that PFEB was more effective than RFEB in increasing corticosterone-suppressed ACTH levels, enhancing CRH levels and cAMP/cGMP ratio, and reducing oxidative damage. In vivo, PFEB significantly increased eNOS and inhibited PDE5 expression in corpus cavernosum. PFEB showed stronger protective effect on normal spleen lymphocytes from apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, it noticeably inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines in corpus cavernosum. Both RFEB and PFEB were safe and did not cause any clinical signs of toxicity in mice at the dosage of 20 times dosages of that in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Conclusion: We demonstrated that PFEB was better than RFEB at tonifying the kidney-Yang by comparing their effects on improving the NEI network, which includes the HPA axis, immune system and corpus cavernosum. This study revealed that PFEB could significantly improve the sexual function of KDS mice by regulating the HPA axis and activating the immune system through the NEI network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Science and Technology Experiment Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Senjie Li
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Shen Yao
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center of Shanghai Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangwei Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Melchiorri D, Merlo S, Micallef B, Borg JJ, Dráfi F. Alzheimer's disease and neuroinflammation: will new drugs in clinical trials pave the way to a multi-target therapy? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196413. [PMID: 37332353 PMCID: PMC10272781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, no disease-modifying therapeutic option, able to prevent, cure or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease [AD], is currently available. AD, a devastating neurodegenerative pathology leading to dementia and death, is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of altered hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Both have been widely studied and pharmacologically targeted for many years, without significant therapeutic results. In 2022, positive data on two monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ, donanemab and lecanemab, followed by the 2023 FDA accelerated approval of lecanemab and the publication of the final results of the phase III Clarity AD study, have strengthened the hypothesis of a causal role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the magnitude of the clinical effect elicited by the two drugs is limited, suggesting that additional pathological mechanisms may contribute to the disease. Cumulative studies have shown inflammation as one of the main contributors to the pathogenesis of AD, leading to the recognition of a specific role of neuroinflammation synergic with the Aβ and NFTs cascades. The present review provides an overview of the investigational drugs targeting neuroinflammation that are currently in clinical trials. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, their positioning in the pathological cascade of events that occur in the brain throughout AD disease and their potential benefit/limitation in the therapeutic strategy in AD are discussed and highlighted as well. In addition, the latest patent requests for inflammation-targeting therapeutics to be developed in AD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melchiorri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - John-Joseph Borg
- Malta Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - František Dráfi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- State Institute for Drug Control, Bratislava, Slovakia
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