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Emmert D, Szczypien N, Bender TTA, Grigull L, Gass A, Link C, Klawonn F, Conrad R, Mücke M, Sellin J. A diagnostic support system based on pain drawings: binary and k-disease classification of EDS, GBS, FSHD, PROMM, and a control group with Pain2D. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:70. [PMID: 36978184 PMCID: PMC10053427 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of rare diseases (RDs) is often challenging due to their rarity, variability and the high number of individual RDs, resulting in a delay in diagnosis with adverse effects for patients and healthcare systems. The development of computer assisted diagnostic decision support systems could help to improve these problems by supporting differential diagnosis and by prompting physicians to initiate the right diagnostic tests. Towards this end, we developed, trained and tested a machine learning model implemented as part of the software called Pain2D to classify four rare diseases (EDS, GBS, FSHD and PROMM), as well as a control group of unspecific chronic pain, from pen-and-paper pain drawings filled in by patients. METHODS Pain drawings (PDs) were collected from patients suffering from one of the four RDs, or from unspecific chronic pain. The latter PDs were used as an outgroup in order to test how Pain2D handles more common pain causes. A total of 262 (59 EDS, 29 GBS, 35 FSHD, 89 PROMM, 50 unspecific chronic pain) PDs were collected and used to generate disease specific pain profiles. PDs were then classified by Pain2D in a leave-one-out-cross-validation approach. RESULTS Pain2D was able to classify the four rare diseases with an accuracy of 61-77% with its binary classifier. EDS, GBS and FSHD were classified correctly by the Pain2D k-disease classifier with sensitivities between 63 and 86% and specificities between 81 and 89%. For PROMM, the k-disease classifier achieved a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS Pain2D is a scalable, open-source tool that could potentially be trained for all diseases presenting with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Emmert
- Center for Rare Diseases Bonn (ZSEB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Szczypien
- Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tim T A Bender
- Center for Rare Diseases Bonn (ZSEB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L Grigull
- Center for Rare Diseases Bonn (ZSEB), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Gass
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Link
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Klawonn
- Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Conrad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - M Mücke
- Institute for Digitalization and General Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases Aachen (ZSEA), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - J Sellin
- Institute for Digitalization and General Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases Aachen (ZSEA), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Zhang H, Chen J, Liu Y, Xu Q, Inam M, He C, Jiang X, Jia Y, Ma H, Kong L. Discovery of a novel antibacterial protein CB6-C to target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:4. [PMID: 34983528 PMCID: PMC8725309 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given a serious threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens to global healthcare, there is an urgent need to find effective antibacterial compounds to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. In our previous studies, Bacillus velezensis CB6 with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity was obtained from the soil of Changbaishan, China. In this study, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as an indicator bacterium, an antibacterial protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 column, QAE-Sephadex A 25 column and RP-HPLC, which demonstrated a molecular weight of 31.405 kDa by SDS-PAGE. LC–MS/MS analysis indicated that the compound was an antibacterial protein CB6-C, which had 88.5% identity with chitosanase (Csn) produced by Bacillus subtilis 168. An antibacterial protein CB6-C showed an effective antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria (in particular, the MIC for MRSA was 16 μg/mL), low toxicity, thermostability, stability in different organic reagents and pH values, and an additive effect with conventionally used antibiotics. Mechanistic studies showed that an antibacterial protein CB6-C exerted anti-MRSA activity through destruction of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on the cell wall. In addition, an antibacterial protein CB6-C was efficient in preventing MRSA infections in in vivo models. In conclusion, this protein CB6-C is a newly discovered antibacterial protein and has the potential to become an effective antibacterial agent due to its high therapeutic index, safety, nontoxicity and great stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Muhammad Inam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chengguang He
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.,Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang District, Changchun, 130600, China
| | - Yu Jia
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China. .,The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China. .,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China. .,The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun, 130118, China.
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