1
|
Mohammed Ali SH, Abid Mohammed KI, Ali WM, AL-Fakhar SA, Al-Alwany SHM, Mousa JM. Immunohistochemical Detection of the Expressed BRCA1 and BRCA2 Proteins in Microenvironment of Malignant Breast Cancerous Tissues Infected with Human Mammary Tumor Virus. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3261-3267. [PMID: 37774080 PMCID: PMC10762755 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the prevalence of HMTV infection, its associations with breast malignant tissues, and the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins. METHODS One hundred archival breast tissues, 40 biopsies from female patients with breast cancer (BC), and 20 healthy breast tissues from the control group were used in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to detect the expressed BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins. Digoxigenin-labeled HMTV probes were used in chromogenic in situ hybridization for the identification of HMTV in breast tumor tissues. The complementary sequence sites of the HMTV probe sequences were stained by NBT/BCIP as blue signals. RESULTS There were 12 out of 40 (30%) benign breast tumorous tissues and 14 out of 40 (35%) BC tissues, while healthy control breast tissues were 10% (2 out of 20 tissues). Positive immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions for BRCA2 protein were observed in 12 out of 40 BC tissues (30.0%), 25% of benign breast tumorous tissues, and 5% of the control group. A significant (p < 0.05) statistical difference in the percentages of HMTV in the studied groups was found. CONCLUSION HMTV might contribute to the development of subsets of benign and malignant breast tumors. The observed rates of defective or mutated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in healthy tissues indicate a role in the development of breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hasan Mohammed Ali
- Clinical Communicable Diseases Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
| | | | - Wifaq M. Ali
- Clinical Communicable Diseases Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Suha A. AL-Fakhar
- Clinical Communicable Diseases Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
| | | | - Jinan M. Mousa
- Clinical Communicable Diseases Research Unit, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Afzal S, Fiaz K, Noor A, Sindhu AS, Hanif A, Bibi A, Asad M, Nawaz S, Zafar S, Ayub S, Hasnain SB, Shahid M. Interrelated Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:781111. [PMID: 35419411 PMCID: PMC8995849 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.781111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer is a multifactorial disease and recent evidence that viruses have a greater role in its aetiology and pathophysiology than previously hypothesized, has garnered a lot of attention in the past couple of years. After the role of Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV) in the oncogenesis of breast cancer has been proved in mice, search for similar viruses found quite a plausible relation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV) with breast cancer. However, despite practical efforts to provide some clarity in this issue, the evidence that viruses cause breast cancer still remains inconclusive. Therefore, this article aims to clarify some ambiguity and elucidate the correlation of breast cancer and those particular viruses which are found to bring about the development of tumorigenesis by a previous infection or by their own oncogenic ability to manipulate the molecular mechanisms and bypass the immune system of the human body. Although many studies have reported, both, the individual and co-existing presence of HPV, EBV, MMTV, and BLV in patient sample tissues, particularly in Western women, and proposed oncogenic mechanisms, majority of the collective survey of literature fails to provide a delineated and strong conclusive evidence that viruses do, in fact, cause breast cancer. Measures to prevent these viral infections may curb breast cancer cases, especially in the West. More studies are needed to provide a definite conclusion.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mustafa F, Ahmad W, Khader T, Panicker N, Akhlaq S, Baby J, Gull B. MMTV-like Env sequences from human breast cancer patients cannot yet be considered as a separate species. HAMDAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/hmj.hmj_35_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
4
|
Wang FL, Zhang XL, Yang M, Lin J, Yue YF, Li YD, Wang X, Shu Q, Jin HC. Prevalence and characteristics of mouse mammary tumor virus-like virus associated breast cancer in China. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:47. [PMID: 34174934 PMCID: PMC8235620 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive molecular epidemiological studies, the prevalence and characteristics of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Like Virus (MMTV-LV) in Chinese women breast cancer are still unclear. Besides, the prevalence of MMTV-LV in women breast cancer tissue varies in different countries and its dependent factors remain inconclusive. METHODS In the first part of the study, a case-control study was performed. 119 breast cancer samples (84 from Northern China and 35 from Southern China) and 50 breast fibroadenoma specimens were collected from Chinese women patients. MMTV-like env sequence and the homology to MMTV env gene were analysed by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also explored the association of MMTV-LV prevalence with sample sources (Southern and Northern China) and patients' clinicopathological characteristics. To investigate the dependent factors of the prevalence of MMTV-LV in breast cancer worldwide, a meta-analysis was conducted in the second part of the study. RESULTS We found that the prevalence of MMTV-LV was much higher in breast cancer tissues (17.65%) than that in breast fibroadenoma specimens (4.00%) (P < 0.05). MMTV-LV prevalence in Chinese women breast cancer tissues was significantly different between Southern China (5.71%) and Northern China (22.62%) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MMTV-LV also associates significantly with expression of HER2, but shows no significant correlation with other parameters. In the meta-analysis, we found that MMTV-LV prevalence in breast cancer tissue was dependent on the distribution of M. domesticus mouse (M. d), M. musculus mouse (M.m) and M.castaneus mouse (M.c) worldwide (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The distribution of house mice may be a crucial environmental factor that explains the geographic differences in human breast cancer incidence. Our findings may provide a potential avenue of prevention, diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Liang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Electron Microscope Room, Medical School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Jande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dan Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Hong-Chuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Metwally SA, Abo-Shadi MA, Abdel Fattah NF, Barakat AB, Rabee OA, Osman AM, Helal AM, Hashem T, Moneer MM, Chehadeh W, Loutfy SA. Presence of HPV, EBV and HMTV Viruses Among Egyptian Breast Cancer Women: Molecular Detection and Clinical Relevance. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2327-2339. [PMID: 34188499 PMCID: PMC8236253 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s313219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic viruses, their possible association with breast cancer (BC) and effect on its clinical course are interesting issue. The present study evaluates the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV), EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), and human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) in BC and their relation with clinico-pathological characteristics. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 80 Egyptian women with BC and 30 control women without known oncological disease. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, forty fresh tissue samples, and white blood cells (WBCs) of BC patients and WBCs of controls were subjected to a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure viral loads in fresh tissues of BC. The result was correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics of BC. Results HPV was detected in 33 (41.25%), EBV in 30 (37.5%) and HMTV in 33 (41.25%) BC patients. None of the control women was positive for HPV or EBV while HMTV was detected in 7 (23.3%). Among 40 BC WBCs specimens, HPV/HMTV were found together in 25%, followed by EBV/HMTV in 2.5% and EBV/HPV in 2.5%. However, the three viruses (HPV/EBV/HMTV) were found together in only 5%. In the 40 fresh BC tissues, the three viruses were found together in 12 (30%), EBV/HMTV in 7 (17.5%), HPV/HMTV in 4 (10%), and HPV/EBV in 4 (10%). EBV, HMTV, or multiple viral infections were associated with younger age of BC women. HPV, EBV, and HMTV median loads in fresh tissues were 4.8×103 copies/μL, 6.3×103 copies/μL, and 97 copies/μL, respectively. Conclusion WBCs could be a more suitable specimen instead of fresh tissue for HMTV detection in BC patients to avoid invasive procedures. The presence of HPV, EBV, and HMTV together in Egyptian women with BC was significantly associated with younger age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Metwally
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Abo-Shadi
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasra F Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Barakat
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A Rabee
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Osman
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Helal
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hashem
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar M Moneer
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wassim Chehadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Nanotechnology Research Center, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amarante MK, de Sousa Pereira N, Vitiello GAF, Watanabe MAE. Involvement of a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) homologue in human breast cancer: Evidence for, against and possible causes of controversies. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:283-294. [PMID: 30905715 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease whose evolution depends on the tumor-host interaction. This type of cancer occurs when the mammary cells begin to grow wildly and become able to invade nearby tissues and/or promote metastases. Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is the accepted etiological agent of mammary tumors in mice. The identification of MMTV-like sequences and antigens in human mammary carcinoma has supported the theory that a virus homologous to MMTV (namely, HMTV) may be involved in human BC, but the role of retroviral elements in this disease remains elusive, as results from different research groups were contradictory. In the present review we present works for and against the involvement of HMTV in BC and discuss possible causes of divergences among studies. In the final section we fit current data regarding this issue to stablished causality criteria. We conclude that there is convincing data supporting the association of HMTV with BC, however there is still a need for epidemiological and basic research studies focusing on carcinogenic mechanisms for this virus in humans to fully understand its role in BC. This knowledge may open the way for the development of new preventive and therapeutic approaches in human BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marla Karine Amarante
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia de Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al Dossary R, Alkharsah KR, Kussaibi H. Prevalence of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-like sequences in human breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues in Saudi Arabia. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:170. [PMID: 29426297 PMCID: PMC5810194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is considered the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Sequences similar to Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) were detected in human breast cancer in several studies from different geographical areas. However, the role played by this virus in breast cancer tumorigenesis is not completely understood. These MMTV-like sequences were found to be associated with breast cancer of more malignant types. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of MMTV-like envelope gene (env) positivity in breast cancer and non-cancerous breast tissue from Saudi Arabia. METHODS Detection of MMTV-like env proviral sequences was done using newly designed primers for conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred nighty four samples were collected from 103 females with breast cancer in addition to 51 control breast tissue obtained from individuals without cancer. We additionally investigated the association of proviral positivity with age of the patients, grade of breast cancer and presence of lymph node metastasis. The results were confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS The prevalence of MMTV-like env proviral positivity was 8.7% (9/103). MMTV env proviral sequences were detected in 5.9% (6/101) of breast cancer tissues and 9.7% (9/93) of non-cancerous adjacent tissues obtained from the same patients. None of the 51 control sample showed positive result for the MMTV env gene. No significant association was found between detection of the virus and the age of the patient, grade of the cancer or presence of metastasis. CONCLUSION We document the presence of low frequency of MMTV env provirus sequence among breast cancer patients from Saudi Arabia. Further studies are needed to explore the role of the MMTV in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al Dossary
- Department of Microbiology, Collage of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), 1982, Dammam, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled R Alkharsah
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Kussaibi
- Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|