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Schroers M, Reiser K, Alexander T, Zablotski Y, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Saliva Malondialdehyde Concentration of Dogs With and Without Periodontal Disease. J Vet Dent 2024:8987564241248042. [PMID: 38693764 DOI: 10.1177/08987564241248042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated whether malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker for oxidative stress, can be used as a viable parameter in dog saliva for the diagnosis or early detection of periodontal disease (PD). Saliva MDA concentrations were measured preoperatively in dogs diagnosed with PD during dental prophylaxis and compared with those of dentally healthy dogs. 35 dogs were included in the study. The average MDA concentration was 270 ng/ml (range 27-633) in the dogs without PD (n = 10) and 183 (36-833) ng/ml (ng/ml) in the dogs with PD (n = 25). The maximum MDA concentration in the study group (PD ≥1) was 833 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than in the study group (PD = 0) (p<0.05). The study showed that salivary MDA concentrations could not distinguish between healthy dogs and those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schroers
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - K Reiser
- Tierklinik Gessertshausen, Munich, Germany
| | - T Alexander
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Y Zablotski
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Lindenberg
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
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Grigolato R, Accorona R, Lombardo G, Corrocher G, Garagiola U, Massari F, Nicoli S, Rossi S, Calabrese L. Oral cancer in non-smoker non-drinker patients. Could comparative pet oncology help to understand risk factors and pathogenesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 166:103458. [PMID: 34461267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades there has been a progressive increase in proportion of incidence of oral cancer not related to a known etiologic factor, such as the so-called "oral cancer in young", a relevant tumor in non-smoker non-drinker (NSND) patients. The topic is matter of long standing debate, and adequate study models to analyze this entity are lacking. Spontaneous oral cancer in companion animals such as dogs and cats, presents more clinical and biological similarities with the human oral cancer than any other animal model. In our review we analyze how the study of spontaneous oral cancer in common pets can prospectively prove to be of double usefulness in unraveling the question about the origin of oral cancer in NSND patients, allowing both the analysis of environmental and behavioral risk factors, and the study of how carcinogenic viruses, chronic inflammation, and changes in immunity can influence pre-tumoral and tumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Remo Accorona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrocher
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Bringel M, Jorge PK, Francisco PA, Lowe C, Sabino-Silva R, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, Machado MADAM, Siqueira WL. Salivary proteomic profile of dogs with and without dental calculus. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:298. [PMID: 32814559 PMCID: PMC7437026 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs' saliva is a complex mixture of inorganic and organic constituents, rich in proteins. Therefore, knowing the saliva composition of these animals is extremely important to identify the presence of proteins that may be involved in physiological and pathological mechanisms of their oral cavity. The present study aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of saliva from dogs with and without dental calculus. RESULTS Saliva samples were collected from 20 dogs. Before the collection, a visual clinical examination was performed and 8 subjects (40%) did not present any signs of dental calculus, while 12 (60%) presented dental calculus. After saliva collection, the samples were submitted to protein quantification (mBCA), and then they were prepared for analysis by nLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 658 unique proteins were identified, of which 225 were specific to dogs without dental calculus, 300 were specific to dogs with dental calculus, and 133 were common to all subjects. These proteins presented functions including transportation, immune response, structural, enzymatic regulation, signal transduction, transcription, metabolism, and some proteins perform functions as yet unknown. Several salivary proteins in dogs with dental calculus differed from those found in the group without dental calculus. Among the abundant proteins detected in periodontal affected cases, can be highlighting calcium-sensing receptor and transforming growth factor beta. Enrichment analysis reveled the presence of Rho GTPases signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This research identified salivary proteins, that should be further investigated as potencial biomarkers of chronic periodontits with dental calculus formation in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Bringel
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Karine Jorge
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cadance Lowe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effects of Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Post-Extraction Alveolar Sockets: A Randomized, Controlled Split-Mouth Trial in Dogs with Spontaneous Periodontal Disease. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081343. [PMID: 32759693 PMCID: PMC7459700 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effects of autologous platelet-rich fibrin were evaluated in dogs with spontaneous periodontal disease after tooth extraction. Both radiographic and histological findings attributed to the platelet-rich fibrin a potential ability to stimulate the natural process of tissue healing and regeneration of bone and soft tissues. Platelet-rich fibrin could, therefore, be considered as a simple and effective therapeutic aid in the management of post-extraction socket healing in dogs. Abstract Periodontal disease (PD) is a common inflammatory condition in dogs; in severe stages, dental extraction is frequently required. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used in human oral surgical procedures and has been experimentally tested on post-extraction sockets in healthy dogs. This is the first split-mouth, randomized, controlled trial designed to compare post-extractive alveolar socket healing with and without topical application of PRF in canine spontaneous PD. Clinical evaluation, radiographic density, and histological scores for inflammation and regeneration were assessed at recruitment (T0) and after a three-week follow up (T1) on 12 dogs, for a total of 31 pairs of sockets. No complications or clinically evident differences between the treated sites and the control sites were observed. Comparing the radiographic densities of the extraction sites measured at T0 and T1, a significant enhancement was observed within the PRF group, but not within control group. The histological score decreased significantly from T0 to T1 within group PRF, but not within the control group; at T1, the PRF group showed a significantly lower histological score than the control group. These findings suggest that PRF could be able to stimulate the natural process of tissue healing and regeneration of post-extraction sites in dogs with spontaneous periodontal disease (PD).
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O’Neill DG, Butcher C, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Gough AG. Miniature Schnauzers under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013: demography, mortality and disorders. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2019; 6:1. [PMID: 30783533 PMCID: PMC6376765 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-019-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual dog breeds are often reported as predisposed to specific breed-related disorders but reliable epidemiological data on disease prevalence are sparse. The Miniature Schnauzer in the UK is a popular small breed dog that is often considered as relatively healthy and long-lived, but is this really true? This study aimed to use data from the VetCompass™ Programme at the Royal Veterinary College to characterise the demography, mortality and common disorders of the general population of Miniature Schnauzers under veterinary care in the UK. RESULTS The study population of 455,557 dogs from 304 clinics in the VetCompass™ database under veterinary care during 2013 included 3857 Miniature Schnauzers (0.85%). For dogs with data available, 1771 (56.9%) were neutered and 1893 (49.2%) were females. Mean adult bodyweight overall was 9.9 kg (SD 2.2 kg) and median longevity was 11.6 years (IQR 9.3-13.1, range 0.5-17.0). The most prevalent fine-level precision disorders recorded were periodontal disease (n = 343, prevalence 17.4, 95% CI: 15.7-19.1), obesity/overweight (164, 8.3, 95% CI: 7.1-9.6), anal sac impaction (114, 5.8, 95% CI: 4.8-6.9), vomiting (100, 5.1, 95% CI% 4.1-6.1) and otitis externa (99, 5.0, 95% CI% 4.1-6.1). The most prevalent grouped-level precision disorders were dental (n = 378, prevalence: 19.2, 95% CI: 17.5-21.0), enteropathy (270, 13.7, 95% CI: 12.2-15.3), cutaneous (250, 12.7, 95% CI: 11.2-14.2) and aural (197, 10.0, 95% CI: 8.7-11.4). CONCLUSIONS This study provides generalisable evidence on the demography, longevity and most prevalent disorders in the Miniature Schnauzer breed in the UK. Awareness of common diseases and breed predispositions can support evidence-based policies to improve breed health, guide veterinary surgeons when producing differential diagnosis lists, and assist owners when purchasing or caring for their pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G. O’Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Charlotte Butcher
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - David B. Church
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dave C. Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Alex G. Gough
- Bath Veterinary Referrals, Rosemary Lodge, Wellsway, Bath, BA2 5RL UK
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Bauer AE, Stella J, Lemmons M, Croney CC. Evaluating the validity and reliability of a visual dental scale for detection of periodontal disease (PD) in non-anesthetized dogs (Canis familiaris). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203930. [PMID: 30256813 PMCID: PMC6157863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions affecting companion dogs. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were: to determine 1) the agreement between visual assessments (VA) of periodontal disease (PD) performed on awake dogs and the reference standard (RS) of a dental examination and radiographs performed with the dog under general anesthesia, and 2) inter-rater reliability (IRR) for two individuals performing VAs of PD on the same dogs. One hundred and eight dogs were recruited from three veterinary practices. An oral examination and visual PD staging based on the American Veterinary Dental College’s (AVDC) 5-point scale was performed by the investigators prior to general anesthesia and the dental procedure. After the anesthetic evaluation and radiographs, the attending veterinarian staged each dog based on the AVDC’s 5-point scale. Agreement between the VA and RS as well as IRR were determined using percent agreement and a weighted kappa statistic. Eighty-nine dogs received a complete oral examination under general anesthesia with periodontal probing and full-mouth radiographs. Fifty-nine dogs received a VA by both raters. VA agreed with the RS 41.57% of the time with a weighted kappa of 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.29–0.55), indicating moderate agreement. Between raters, VA agreed 61.02% of the time with a weighted kappa of 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.49–0.76), indicating substantial IRR. The results of this study reinforce the idea that an oral examination in an awake dog can be a helpful screening tool, but should not be considered a comprehensive evaluation of periodontal health. In facilities housing large numbers of dogs such as shelters, breeding kennels, and research facilities, use of a VA can aid in identifying and prioritizing dogs most in need of procedures such as professional cleaning, periodontal treatment, including closed root planing, or surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Bauer
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Judith Stella
- USDA-APHIS, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - Candace C. Croney
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jeusette IC, Román AM, Torre C, Crusafont J, Sánchez N, Sánchez MC, Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D. 24-hour evaluation of dental plaque bacteria and halitosis after consumption of a single placebo or dental treat by dogs. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:613-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.6.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oliveira M, Tavares M, Gomes D, Touret T, São Braz B, Tavares L, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. Virulence traits and antibiotic resistance among enterococci isolated from dogs with periodontal disease. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 46:27-31. [PMID: 27260807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease - PD - is one of the most widespread diseases in dogs, but the role of this odontogenic infection in the dissemination of pathogenic bacteria present in the oral mucosa to other animals or pet owners is understudied. Trying to unveil the putative pathogenicity of enterococci present in the gums of dogs diagnosed with PD, thirty-two animals were investigated during routine visits to a private veterinary clinic. Seventy-one enterococci were recovered and characterized regarding species, genomic variability, virulence traits, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-forming ability. Isolates were mainly identified as Enterococcus faecalis, with the large majority (95%) being able to produce biofilm. Regarding antibiotic resistance, all dog-enterococci were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, gentamicin-120, imipenem and vancomycin; while distinct levels of resistance were observed for chloramphenicol (10%), erythromycin (20%), streptomycin-300 (35%) and tetracycline (95%). For virulence traits incidence levels of 35% were observed for β-hemolysis and 25% for cylA, 25% for gelatinase and 35% for gelE; 85% harbor efaAfs and ebpABC; while ace, agg and esp are present respectively in 50, 30 and 10% of the dog-enterococci; efaAfm and acm were detected in all the Enterococcus faecium. Overall, the widespread prevalence of PD in dogs, associated with the close contact between companion animals, other animals and humans, may act as source for the dissemination of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Hence, aforementioned data on virulence and resistance features, emphasizes the need for active surveillance measures, such as the diagnose of PD in companion animals during routine visits to the veterinary clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Tavares
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Gomes
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Touret
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Berta São Braz
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Polo Universitário da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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