Clinical and molecular cytogenetic analyses of four patients with imbalanced translocations

Partial Trisomy 13q/Monosomy 3p Resulting from a Paternal Reciprocal 3p;13q Translocation in a Boy with Facial Dysmorphism and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Individuals with 3p deletion show a great clinical variability. Apparently, a 1.5-Mb terminal deletion, including the CRBN and CNTN4 genes, is sufficient to cause this syndrome. Partial trisomy 13q is a rare chromosomal abnormality with a variable phenotypic expression, but in most cases, patients have a phenotype resembling complete trisomy 13. The aim of the present study is to describe a 9-month-old Mexican male patient with 3p deletion/13q duplication and a novel clinical finding. He presented with facial dysmorphism and multiple congenital alterations. Echocardiogram revealed cardiac insufficiency with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension, not previously reported. Karyotype from the patient and his father were 46,XY,add(3)(p26) and 46,XY,t(3;13), respectively. Microarray assay of the proband exhibited an approximately 2.6-Mb loss at terminal 3p26.3 and a 27.7-Mb gain of the long arm in terminal chromosome 13 at q31.1q34. A chromosomal imbalance with a partial trisomy 13q31.1q34 and monosomy 3p26.3 of paternal origin were detected. Microarray assay of both parents were normal. The proband has a cardiomyopathy not previously reported. These data enrich the spectrum of clinical manifestations in 3p deletion/3q duplication chromosomopathy.

Partial trisomy 9 (9pter->9q22.1) and partial monosomy 14 (14pter- >14q11.2) due to paternal translocation t(9;14)(q22.1;q11.2) in a case of Dysmorphic features

Trisomy 9 including mosaic and partial trisomy is less frequently seen chromosomal abnormality in live born children. The pure or partial trisomy 9 frequently been reported in prenatal diagnosis and product of conception. However few studies reported partial trisomy 9 in live born children. In addition data on genotype and phenotype correlation of partial trisomy is not well understood except few case reports. Here we report a case of partial trisomy 9 and monosomy 14 with a 46,XY,der(9)t(9;14)(q22.1;q11.2)pat,-14 karyotype in a 5-year old dysmorphic child. The proband was confirmed as trisomic for 9pter->9q22.1 and monosomic for 14pter->q11.2 due to paternal t(9;14)(q22.1;q11.2) balanced translocation using a combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetic (fluorescence in situ hybridization, array-comparative genomic hybridization) techniques. The clinical features similar to pure trisomy 9 is due to duplication of the large region of chromosome 9. However, the present report of partial trisomy 9 and monosomy 14 is a novel case report and showing comparatively longer survival which have not been previously reported in the literature. The parent of the proband was counseled for the future pregnancies.

Clinical feature of infertile men carrying balanced translocations involving chromosome 10: Case series and a review of the literature

RATIONALE

Infertile male carrying balanced translocations can be broadly divided into two types: pregestational and gestational infertility. Chromosome and breakpoints involved translocation should be considered in genetic counselling for these patients. To date, > 100 cases have been described with carrying balanced translocations involving chromosome 10 in fertile male.

PATIENT CONCERNS

We report 11 cases translocation carriers involving chromosome 10, and review 99 carriers of chromosome 10 translocation from reported literature.

DIAGNOSES

Eleven cases of chromosomal translocation were diagnosed by cytogenetic analysis. Three of these men had azoospermia or oligozoospermia, while eight had normal semen. Of these latter cases, their partners were able to conceive, but had a tendency to miscarry or have a stillbirth.

INTERVENTIONS

Chromosome breakpoints should be considered in genetic counseling. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis should be performed to decrease the high risk of miscarriage and to minimize the genetic risks to offspring for patients with gestational infertility.

OUTCOMES

The most common translocations and breakpoints were at t(4;10) and 10q24, observed in 12 and 10 patients respectively. Breakpoints at 10p15.1, 10p12, 10q10, 10q22.1, 10q24.2, and 10q26.3 were linked to pregestational infertility; breakpoints at 10p12.1, 10q11, 10q21.2, and 10q23.3 were associated with gestational infertility; the other breakpoints were connected with both forms of infertility.

LESSONS

Breakpoints at 10p12 and 10q26.3 were associated with pregestational infertility. Other breakpoints at chromosome 10 were correlated with gestational infertility. These breakpoints should be considered when counseling men with chromosome 10 translocations should be informed of their options.