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Lucas-Herald AK, Alkanhal KI, Caney E, Malik I, Alimussina M, McNeilly JD, Bradnock T, Lee B, Steven M, Flett M, O’Toole S, McGowan R, Faisal Ahmed S. Gonadal Function in Boys with Bilateral Undescended Testes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvad153. [PMID: 38205164 PMCID: PMC10777671 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bilateral undescended testes (BUDT) may be a marker of an underlying condition that affects sex development or maturation. Aims To describe the extent of gonadal dysfunction in cases of BUDT who had systematic endocrine and genetic evaluation at a single tertiary pediatric center. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all boys with BUDT who had endocrine evaluation between 2008 and 2021 at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (RHCG). Continuous variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and non-continuous variables using Fisher's exact, via Graphpad Prism v 8.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify any associations between groups. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 243 bilateral orchidopexies were performed at RHCG between 2008 and 2021. Of these 130 (53%) boys were seen by the endocrine team. The median (range) age at first orchidopexy was 1 year (0.2, 18.0) with 16 (12%) requiring re-do orchidopexy. The median External Masculinization Score of the group was 10 (2, 11) with 33 (25%) having additional genital features. Of the 130 boys, 71 (55%) had extragenital anomalies. Of the 70 who were tested, a genetic abnormality was detected in 38 (54%), most commonly a chromosomal variant in 16 (40%). Of the 100 who were tested, endocrine dysfunction was identified in 38 (38%). Conclusion Genetic findings and evidence of gonadal dysfunction are common in boys who are investigated secondary to presentation with BUDT. Endocrine and genetic evaluation should be part of routine clinical management of all cases of BUDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Khalid I Alkanhal
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Obesity and Endocrine Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, 58046 Riyady 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma Caney
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Iman Malik
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Malika Alimussina
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Jane D McNeilly
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Timothy Bradnock
- Department of General Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Boma Lee
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Mairi Steven
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Martyn Flett
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Stuart O’Toole
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Ruth McGowan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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2
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Croley CR, Pumarol J, Delgadillo BE, Cook AC, Day F, Kaceli T, Ward CC, Husain I, Husain A, Banerjee S, Bishayee A. Signaling pathways driving ocular malignancies and their targeting by bioactive phytochemicals. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108479. [PMID: 37330112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ocular cancers represent a rare pathology. The American Cancer Society estimates that 3,360 cases of ocular cancer occur annually in the United States. The major types of cancers of the eye include ocular melanoma (also known as uveal melanoma), ocular lymphoma, retinoblastoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. While uveal melanoma is one of the primary intraocular cancers with the highest occurrence in adults, retinoblastoma remains the most common primary intraocular cancer in children, and squamous cell carcinoma presents as the most common conjunctival cancer. The pathophysiology of these diseases involves specific cell signaling pathways. Oncogene mutations, tumor suppressor mutations, chromosome deletions/translocations and altered proteins are all described as causal events in developing ocular cancer. Without proper identification and treatment of these cancers, vision loss, cancer spread, and even death can occur. The current treatments for these cancers involve enucleation, radiation, excision, laser treatment, cryotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. These treatments present a significant burden to the patient that includes a possible loss of vision and a myriad of side effects. Therefore, alternatives to traditional therapy are urgently needed. Intercepting the signaling pathways for these cancers with the use of naturally occurring phytochemicals could be a way to relieve both cancer burden and perhaps even prevent cancer occurrence. This research aims to present a comprehensive review of the signaling pathways involved in various ocular cancers, discuss current therapeutic options, and examine the potential of bioactive phytocompounds in the prevention and targeted treatment of ocular neoplasms. The current limitations, challenges, pitfalls, and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Croley
- Healthcare Corporation of America, Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Hudson, FL 34667, USA
| | - Joshua Pumarol
- Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL 33027, USA
| | - Blake E Delgadillo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Andrew C Cook
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Faith Day
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tea Kaceli
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Caroline C Ward
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Imran Husain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Ali Husain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Eid OM, El Zomor H, Mohamed AM, El-Bassyouni HT, Afifi HH, El-Ayadi M, Sadek SH, Hammad SA, Salem SI, Mahrous R, Fadel IM, Refaat K, Afifi MA, Shelil AE, Ziko OAO, Abdel Azeem AA, El-Haddad A. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification versus fluorescent in situ hybridization for screening RB1 copy number variations in Egyptian patients with retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:789-794. [PMID: 36098066 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in children. RB is mostly caused by biallelic mutations in RB1 and occurs in hereditary and non-hereditary forms according to the "two-hit" theory. RB1 mutations comprise point mutations, indels, large deletions, and duplications. Genetic testing is essential for the comprehensive treatment and management of patients with RB. AIM The aim was to evaluate RB1 copy number variations (CNVs) using MLPA versus FISH assays in group of Egyptian patients with RB. RESULTS 16.67% showed an RB1 deletion, abnormal methylation status, or both. CONCLUSION Our results suggested MLPA is a fast, reliable, and powerful method and should be used as a first-line screening tool for detecting RB1 CNVs in patients with RB. Moreover, MLPA is advantageous as it evaluates the methylation status/inactivation of RB1, not possible by FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hosam El Zomor
- Pediatric Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mohamed
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan H Afifi
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moatasem El-Ayadi
- Pediatric Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin H Sadek
- Ophthalmology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt.,Ophthalmology Department, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Saida A Hammad
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherine I Salem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt.,Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Mahrous
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam M Fadel
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Refaat
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abdallah E Shelil
- Ophthalmology Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt.,Ophthalmology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Othman A O Ziko
- Ophthalmology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira A Abdel Azeem
- Ophthalmic Genetics Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Haddad
- Pediatric Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.,Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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El Amrani Z, Elalaoui SC, Jdioui W, Sbiti A, Ratbi I, Liehr T, Sefiani A, Natiq A. Complex translocation leading to13q interstitial deletion in a Moroccan child with retinoblastoma and intellectual disability. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:689-692. [PMID: 35658784 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2083183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common malignant intraocular tumor in children; it affects their eyes often even prenatally. RB may be sporadic or familial, due to germinal mutation in RB1 gene or by abnormal chromosomal abnormalities involving RB1 gene, located in 13q14. Monosomy of subband 13q14 as a partial deletion can also be responsible for RB with additional symptoms. The latter may be RB associated with psychomotor retardation, macrocephaly, broad forehead, thick earlobes, and bulbous nose. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present here the case of a boy from a consanguineous marriage with bilateral retinoblastoma, intellectual disability and facial dysmorphic features. Classical and molecular cytogenetics were used to recognize genotype-phenotype association. RESULTS The karyotype showed a three way translocation involving chromosomes 5, 12 and 13. Further molecular cytogenetics analysis revealed a deletion of 13q14 involving the tumor suppressor gene RB1. CONCLUSION This case highlights the impact of classical and molecular cytogenetics in diagnosis of rare genetic syndromes and for the genetic counselling of patients and their families. Pure molecular karyotyping analyses would miss the underlying chromosomal mechanism leading to the rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhour El Amrani
- RABAT Research team in genomics and molecular epidemiology of genetic diseases, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham Chafai Elalaoui
- RABAT Research team in genomics and molecular epidemiology of genetic diseases, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Wafae Jdioui
- médicale, Centre des consultations et des explorations externes, Hopital d'enfants, CHU Ibn SinaConsultation de génétique, Rabat, Marocco
| | - Aziza Sbiti
- RABAT Research team in genomics and molecular epidemiology of genetic diseases, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ilham Ratbi
- RABAT Research team in genomics and molecular epidemiology of genetic diseases, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- RABAT Research team in genomics and molecular epidemiology of genetic diseases, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhafid Natiq
- RABAT Research team in genomics and molecular epidemiology of genetic diseases, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
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