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Venugopal A, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Ravimanickam T, Gopalakrishnan AV, Yadav MK, Kumar NS, Vellingiri B. Association of Biochemical Parameters and Screening for Mutations in the MCU Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4116-4128. [PMID: 38064106 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic illness that is on the rise among the geriatric population. Even though research into its biochemical, genetic, and cytogenetic pathways has advanced, its aetiology is still unclear and complex. In this study, we recruited sixty-eight participants diagnosed with AD where the cytogenetic, biochemical parameters and genetic mutations were analysed. Our results revealed chromosomal aberrations such as aneuploidies in the peripheral blood of Alzheimer's disease patients. Biochemical parameters revealed no statistical significance in the study though a pattern could be observed in the serum levels. Further few novel mutations at the c.21 C > T, c.56G > A were observed in the MCU gene of mitochondrial calcium uniporter. All these findings reveal the need for a larger cohort study to gain a better and more detailed understanding of the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Venugopal
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, 641 021, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, 641046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Ravimanickam
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, Tamil Nadu Open University, 600015, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, 632014, Vellore, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, 641 046, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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2
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Graham JH, Schlachetzki JCM, Yang X, Breuss MW. Genomic Mosaicism of the Brain: Origin, Impact, and Utility. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:759-776. [PMID: 37898991 PMCID: PMC11178748 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic mosaicism describes the phenomenon where some but not all cells within a tissue harbor unique genetic mutations. Traditionally, research focused on the impact of genomic mosaicism on clinical phenotype-motivated by its involvement in cancers and overgrowth syndromes. More recently, we increasingly shifted towards the plethora of neutral mosaic variants that can act as recorders of cellular lineage and environmental exposures. Here, we summarize the current state of the field of genomic mosaicism research with a special emphasis on our current understanding of this phenomenon in brain development and homeostasis. Although the field of genomic mosaicism has a rich history, technological advances in the last decade have changed our approaches and greatly improved our knowledge. We will provide current definitions and an overview of contemporary detection approaches for genomic mosaicism. Finally, we will discuss the impact and utility of genomic mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared H Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045-2581, CO, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0021, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0021, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, 92123, CA, USA
| | - Martin W Breuss
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045-2581, CO, USA.
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3
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Iourov IY, Vorsanova SG, Yurov YB. A Paradoxical Role for Somatic Chromosomal Mosaicism and Chromosome Instability in Cancer: Theoretical and Technological Aspects. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:67-78. [PMID: 38913303 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Somatic chromosomal mosaicism, chromosome instability, and cancer are intimately linked together. Addressing the role of somatic genome variations (encompassing chromosomal mosaicism and instability) in cancer yields paradoxical results. Firstly, somatic mosaicism for specific chromosomal rearrangement causes cancer per se. Secondly, chromosomal mosaicism and instability are associated with a variety of diseases (chromosomal disorders demonstrating less severe phenotypes, complex diseases), which exhibit cancer predisposition. Chromosome instability syndromes may be considered the best examples of these diseases. Thirdly, chromosomal mosaicism and instability are able to result not only in cancerous diseases but also in non-cancerous disorders (brain diseases, autoimmune diseases, etc.). Currently, the molecular basis for these three outcomes of somatic chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability remains incompletely understood. Here, we address possible mechanisms for the aforementioned scenarios using a system analysis model. A number of theoretical models based on studies dedicated to chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability seem to be valuable for disentangling and understanding molecular pathways to cancer-causing genome chaos. In addition, technological aspects of uncovering causes and consequences of somatic chromosomal mosaicism and chromosome instability are discussed. In total, molecular cytogenetics, cytogenomics, and system analysis are likely to form a powerful technological alliance for successful research against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y Iourov
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Vorsanova's Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Vorsanova
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Vorsanova's Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri B Yurov
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Vorsanova's Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Vorsanova SG, Yurov YB, Iourov IY. Quantitative FISHing: Implications for Chromosomal Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:239-246. [PMID: 38913313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying signals substantially increases the efficiency of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Quantitative FISH analysis or QFISHing may be useful for differentiation between chromosome loss and chromosomal associations, detection of amplification of chromosomal loci, and/or quantification of chromosomal heteromorphisms (chromosomal DNAs). The latter is applicable to uncovering the parental origin of chromosomes, which is an important FISH application in genome research. In summary, one may acknowledge that QFISHing has a variety of applications in cancer chromosome research. Accordingly, a protocol for this technique is certainly required. Here, QFISHing protocol is described step-by-step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana G Vorsanova
- Vorsanova's Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri B Yurov
- Vorsanova's Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Y Iourov
- Vorsanova's Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Yurov's Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Iourov IY, Gerasimov AP, Zelenova MA, Ivanova NE, Kurinnaia OS, Zabrodskaya YM, Demidova IA, Barantsevich ER, Vasin KS, Kolotii AD, Ushanov VV, Sitovskaya DA, Lobzhanidze TBA, Iuditskaia ME, Iakushev NS, Zhumatov MM, Vorsanova SG, Samochernyh KA. Cytogenomic epileptology. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 36600272 PMCID: PMC9814426 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic and cytogenomic studies have made a contribution to genetics of epilepsy. However, current genomic research of this devastative condition is generally focused on the molecular genetic aspects (i.e. gene hunting, detecting mutations in known epilepsy-associated genes, searching monogenic causes of epilepsy). Nonetheless, chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variants (CNVs) represent an important part of genetic defects causing epilepsy. Moreover, somatic chromosomal mosaicism and genome/chromosome instability seem to be a possible mechanism for a wide spectrum of epileptic conditions. This idea becomes even more attracting taking into account the potential of molecular neurocytogenetic (neurocytogenomic) studies of the epileptic brain. Unfortunately, analyses of chromosome numbers and structure in the affected brain or epileptogenic brain foci are rarely performed. Therefore, one may conclude that cytogenomic area of genomic epileptology is poorly researched. Accordingly, molecular cytogenetic and cytogenomic studies of the clinical cohorts and molecular neurocytogenetic analyses of the epileptic brain appear to be required. Here, we have performed a theoretical analysis to define the targets of the aforementioned studies and to highlight future directions for molecular cytogenetic and cytogenomic research of epileptic disorders in the widest sense. To succeed, we have formed a consortium, which is planned to perform at least a part of suggested research. Taking into account the nature of the communication, "cytogenomic epileptology" has been introduced to cover the research efforts in this field of medical genomics and epileptology. Additionally, initial results of studying cytogenomic variations in the Russian neurodevelopmental cohort are reviewed with special attention to epilepsy. In total, we have concluded that (i) epilepsy-associated cytogenomic variations require more profound research; (ii) ontological analyses of epilepsy genes affected by chromosomal rearrangements and/or CNVs with unraveling pathways implicating epilepsy-associated genes are beneficial for epileptology; (iii) molecular neurocytogenetic (neurocytogenomic) analysis of postoperative samples are warranted in patients suffering from epileptic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Iourov
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia ,grid.445984.00000 0001 2224 0652Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Alexandr P. Gerasimov
- grid.452417.1Research Laboratory of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Zelenova
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya E. Ivanova
- grid.452417.1Scientific Department of Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oksana S. Kurinnaia
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia M. Zabrodskaya
- grid.452417.1Research Laboratory of Pathomorphology of the Nervous System, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A. Demidova
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny R. Barantsevich
- grid.412460.5Postgraduate Neurology and Manual Medicine Department, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Vasin
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey D. Kolotii
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vseslav V. Ushanov
- grid.452417.1Department of Neurosurgery, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Darya A. Sitovskaya
- grid.452417.1Research Laboratory of Pathomorphology of the Nervous System, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur B.-A. Lobzhanidze
- grid.445931.e0000 0004 0471 4078Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria E. Iuditskaia
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita S. Iakushev
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Muslim M. Zhumatov
- grid.445931.e0000 0004 0471 4078Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Vorsanova
- grid.466467.10000 0004 0627 319XYurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Vorsanova’s Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Samochernyh
- grid.452417.1Polenov Neurosurgical Institute, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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