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Politi C, Grillone K, Nocera D, Colao E, Bellisario ML, Loddo S, Catino G, Novelli A, Perrotti N, Rodolfo I, Malatesta P. Non-Invasive Prenatal Test Analysis Opens a Pandora's Box: Identification of Very Rare Cases of SRY-Positive Healthy Females, Segregating for Three Generations Thanks to Preferential Inactivation of the XqYp Translocated Chromosome. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:103. [PMID: 38254992 PMCID: PMC10815901 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The translocation of the testis-determining factor, the SRY gene, from the Y to the X chromosome is a rare event that causes abnormalities in gonadal development. In all cases of males and females carrying this translocation, disorder of sex development is reported. In our study, we described a peculiar pedigree with the first evidence of four healthy females from three generations who are carriers of the newly identified t(X;Y)(q28;p11.2)(SRY+) translocation with no evidence of ambiguous genitalia or other SRY-dependent alterations. Our study was a consequence of a Non-Invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT) showing a sexual chromosomal abnormality (XXY) followed by a chorionic villus analysis suggesting a normal karyotype 46,XX and t(X;Y) translocation detected by FISH. Here, we (i) demonstrated the inheritance of the translocation in the maternal lineage via karyotyping and FISH analysis; (ii) characterised the structural rearrangement via chromosomal microarray; and (iii) demonstrated, via Click-iT® EdU Imaging assay, that there was an absolute preferential inactivation of the der(X) chromosome responsible for the lack of SRY expression. Overall, our study provides valuable genetic and molecular information that may lead personal and medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Politi
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Katia Grillone
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Donatella Nocera
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Emma Colao
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Michelle Li Bellisario
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Sara Loddo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (G.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Giorgia Catino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (G.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (G.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iuliano Rodolfo
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Malatesta
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
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Huang N, Zhou J, Lu W, Luo L, Yuan H, Pan L, Ding S, Yang B, Liu Y. Characteristics and clinical evaluation of X chromosome translocations. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38129867 PMCID: PMC10740294 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with X chromosomal translocations, variable phenotypes, and a high risk of live birth defects are of interest for scientific study. These characteristics are related to differential breakpoints and various types of chromosomal abnormalities. To investigate the effects of X chromosome translocation on clinical phenotype, a retrospective analysis of clinical data for patients with X chromosome translocation was conducted. Karyotype analysis plus endocrine evaluation was utilized for all the patients. Additional semen analysis and Y chromosome microdeletions were assessed in male patients. RESULTS X chromosome translocations were detected in ten cases, including seven females and three males. Infantile uterus and no ovaries were detected in case 1 (FSH: 114 IU/L, LH: 30.90 mIU/mL, E2: < 5.00 pg/ml), and the karyotype was confirmed as 46,X,t(X;22)(q25;q11.2) in case 1. Infantile uterus and small ovaries were both visible in two cases (FSH: 34.80 IU/L, LH: 17.06 mIU/mL, E2: 15.37 pg/ml in case 2; FISH: 6.60 IU/L, LH: 1.69 mIU/mL, E2: 23.70 pg/ml in case 3). The karyotype was detected as 46,X,t(X;8)(q13;q11.2) in case 2 and 46,X,der(X)t(X;5)(q21;q31) in case 3. Normal reproductive hormone levels and fertility abilities were found for cases 4, 6 and 7. The karyotype were detected as 46,X,t(X;5)(p22.3;q22) in case 4 and 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2) in cases 6 and 7. These patients exhibited unremarkable clinical manifestations but experienced a history of abnormal chromosomal pregnancy. Normal phenotype and a complex reciprocal translocation as 46,X,t(X;14;4)(q24;q22;q33) were observed in case 5 with a history of spontaneous abortions. In the three male patients, multiple semen analyses confirmed the absence of sperm. Y chromosome microdeletion and hormonal analyses were normal. The karyotypes were detected as 46,Y,t(X;8)(q26;q22), 46,Y,t(X;1)(q26;q23), 46,Y,t(X;3)(q26;p24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into individuals with X chromosome translocations. The clinical phenotypes are variable and unpredictable due to differences in breakpoints and X chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns. Our results suggest that physicians should focus on the characteristics of the X chromosome translocations and provide personalized clinical evaluations in genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jihui Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wan Lu
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Laipeng Luo
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huizhen Yuan
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shujun Ding
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bicheng Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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