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Yáñez-Gómez F, Gálvez-Melero L, Ledesma-Corvi S, Bis-Humbert C, Hernández-Hernández E, Salort G, García-Cabrerizo R, García-Fuster MJ. Evaluating the daily modulation of FADD and related molecular markers in different brain regions in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25296. [PMID: 38361411 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), a key molecule controlling cell fate by balancing apoptotic versus non-apoptotic functions, is dysregulated in post-mortem brains of subjects with psychopathologies, in animal models capturing certain aspects of these disorders, and by several pharmacological agents. Since persistent disruptions in normal functioning of daily rhythms are linked with these conditions, oscillations over time of key biomarkers, such as FADD, could play a crucial role in balancing the clinical outcome. Therefore, we characterized the 24-h regulation of FADD (and linked molecular partners: p-ERK/t-ERK ratio, Cdk-5, p35/p25, cell proliferation) in key brain regions for FADD regulation (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus). Samples were collected during Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT5, ZT8, ZT11, ZT14, ZT17, ZT20, and ZT23 (ZT0, lights-on or inactive period; ZT12, lights-off or active period). FADD showed similar daily fluctuations in all regions analyzed, with higher values during lights off, and opposite to p-ERK/t-ERK ratios regulation. Both Cdk-5 and p35 remained stable and did not change across ZT. However, p25 increased during lights off, but exclusively in striatum. Finally, no 24-h modulation was observed for hippocampal cell proliferation, although higher values were present during lights off. These results demonstrated a clear daily modulation of FADD in several key brain regions, with a more prominent regulation during the active time of rats, and suggested a key role for FADD, and molecular partners, in the normal physiological functioning of the brain's daily rhythmicity, which if disrupted might participate in the development of certain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yáñez-Gómez
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez-Melero
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Sandra Ledesma-Corvi
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Cristian Bis-Humbert
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-Hernández
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Glòria Salort
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Cabrerizo
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Li Z, Yin B, Zhang S, Lan Z, Zhang L. Targeting protein kinases for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Recent progress and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115817. [PMID: 37722288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment, mental retardation, impaired motor balance, loss of self-care and even death. Among the complex and diverse pathological changes in AD, protein kinases are deeply involved in abnormal phosphorylation of Tau proteins to form intracellular neuronal fiber tangles, neuronal loss, extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits to form amyloid plaques, and synaptic disturbances. As a disease of the elderly, the growing geriatric population is directly driving the market demand for AD therapeutics, and protein kinases are potential targets for the future fight against AD. This perspective provides an in-depth look at the role of the major protein kinases (GSK-3β, CDK5, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK3) in the pathogenesis of AD. At the same time, the development of different protein kinase inhibitors and the current state of clinical advancement are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhigang Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Mansour HM, El-Khatib AS. Exploring Parkinson-associated kinases for CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing: beyond alpha-synuclein. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102114. [PMID: 37924981 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substania nigra (SN) and is associated with progressive motor impairment. PD is classified into familial and sporadic forms. The first genetic association studies in PD reported the involvement of Synuclein alpha (SNCA) mutations in the pathobiology of familial PD. Subsequent studies suggested mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), PARKIN, leucine repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), and DJ-1 causing familial PD. In addition, kinase dysregulation has been embroiled in the pathogenesis of PD. The genome-editing mechanism CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has recently influenced industry and scientific discoveries and is expected to expedite neurodegenerative disease research. This review will discuss the structure, function, and history of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Moreover, it summarizes genes-encoding kinases involved in PD pathogenesis and targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, including LRRK2, PINK1, Protein kinase C-delta (PKC-γ), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We provide an overview of novel kinases to be targeted by the CRISPR/Cas9 system such as G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), cyclin-G-associated kinases (GAKs), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), c-ABL, and rearranged during transfection (RET) receptors. Additionally, we will explain the off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 system and how to address them. Also, we will shed light on the associated challenges and future directions that are enabling the efficient use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in kinases research in PD. In conclusion, gene editing, in addition to gene therapy, might be a possible promising strategy for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Mansour
- Central Administration of Biological, Innovative Products, and Clinical Studies, Egyptian Drug Authority, EDA, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cheslow L, Byrne M, Kopenhaver JS, Iacovitti L, Smeyne RJ, Snook AE, Waldman SA. GUCY2C signaling limits dopaminergic neuron vulnerability to toxic insults. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3416338. [PMID: 37886524 PMCID: PMC10602097 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3416338/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are central drivers of dopaminergic (DA) neuron death in Parkinson's disease (PD). Guanylyl cyclases, and their second messengers cyclic (c)GMP, support mitochondrial function, protecting against ROS and promoting cell survival in a number of tissues. However, the role of the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP axis in defining the vulnerability of DA neurons in the SNpc in PD remains unclear, in part due to the challenge of manipulating cGMP levels selectively in midbrain DA neurons. In that context, guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), a receptor primarily expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, was discovered recently in midbrain DA neurons. Here, we demonstrate that GUCY2C promotes mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress and protecting DA neurons from degeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of neurodegeneration. GUCY2C is overexpressed in the SNpc in PD patients and in mice treated with MPTP, possibly reflecting a protective response to oxidative stress. Moreover, cGMP signaling protects against oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and cell death in cultured DA neurons. These observations reveal a previously unexpected role for the GUCY2C-cGMP signaling axis in controlling mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity in nigral DA neurons, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting DA neuron GUCY2C to prevent neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cheslow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Byrne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica S. Kopenhaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard J. Smeyne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Qu J, Liu N, Gao L, Hu J, Sun M, Yu D. Development of CRISPR Cas9, spin-off technologies and their application in model construction and potential therapeutic methods of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1223747. [PMID: 37483347 PMCID: PMC10359996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1223747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases. It is most typically characterized by neuronal death following the accumulation of Lewis inclusions in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region, with clinical symptoms such as motor retardation, autonomic dysfunction, and dystonia spasms. The exact molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis has not been revealed up to now. And there is a lack of effective treatments for PD, which places a burden on patients, families, and society. CRISPR Cas9 is a powerful technology to modify target genomic sequence with rapid development. More and more scientists utilized this technique to perform research associated neurodegenerative disease including PD. However, the complexity involved makes it urgent to organize and summarize the existing findings to facilitate a clearer understanding. In this review, we described the development of CRISPR Cas9 technology and the latest spin-off gene editing systems. Then we focused on the application of CRISPR Cas9 technology in PD research, summarizing the construction of the novel PD-related medical models including cellular models, small animal models, large mammal models. We also discussed new directions and target molecules related to the use of CRISPR Cas9 for PD treatment from the above models. Finally, we proposed the view about the directions for the development and optimization of the CRISPR Cas9 technology system, and its application to PD and gene therapy in the future. All these results provided a valuable reference and enhanced in understanding for studying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Qu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyi Yu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wei Y, Awan MUN, Bai L, Bai J. The function of Golgi apparatus in LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1097633. [PMID: 36896008 PMCID: PMC9989030 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1097633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with the intracellular organelles. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large multi-structural domain protein, and mutation in LRRK2 is associated with PD. LRRK2 regulates intracellular vesicle transport and function of organelles, including Golgi and lysosome. LRRK2 phosphorylates a group of Rab GTPases, including Rab29, Rab8, and Rab10. Rab29 acts in a common pathway with LRRK2. Rab29 has been shown to recruit LRRK2 to the Golgi complex (GC) to stimulate LRRK2 activity and alter the Golgi apparatus (GA). Interaction between LRRK2 and Vacuolar protein sorting protein 52 (VPS52), a subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex, mediates the function of intracellular soma trans-Golgi network (TGN) transport. VPS52 also interacts with Rab29. Knockdown of VPS52 leads to the loss of LRRK2/Rab29 transported to the TGN. Rab29, LRRK2, and VPS52 work together to regulate functions of the GA, which is associated with PD. We highlight recent advances in the roles of LRRK2, Rabs, VPS52, and other molecules, such as Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and protein kinase C (PKC) in the GA, and discuss their possible association with the pathological mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghang Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Mood phenotypes in rodent models with circadian disturbances. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 13:100083. [PMID: 36345502 PMCID: PMC9636574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiological functions with approximately 24-h rhythmicity (circadian rhythms) are generated by an internal time-measuring system of the circadian clock. While sleep/wake cycles, feeding patterns, and body temperature are the most widely known physiological functions under the regulation of the circadian clock, physiological regulation by the circadian clock extends to higher brain functions. Accumulating evidence suggests strong associations between the circadian clock and mood disorders such as depression, but the underlying mechanisms of the functional relationship between them are obscure. This review overviews rodent models with disrupted circadian rhythms on depression-related responses. The animal models with circadian disturbances (by clock gene mutations and artifactual interventions) will help understand the causal link between the circadian clock and depression. The molecular mechanisms of the mammalian circadian rhythm are systematically overviewed. We overview how genetic and pharmacological manipulations of clock (related) genes are linked to mood phenotypes. We overview how artificial perturbations, such as SCN lesions and aberrant light, affect circadian rhythm and mood.
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Ao C, Li C, Chen J, Tan J, Zeng L. The role of Cdk5 in neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:951202. [PMID: 35966199 PMCID: PMC9368323 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.951202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a group of disorders with motor, sensory or cognitive damage, caused by dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) is of vital significance for the development of the nervous system, including the migration and differentiation of neurons, the formation of synapses, and axon regeneration. However, when the nervous system is subject to pathological stimulation, aberrant activation of Cdk5 will induce abnormal phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, resulting in a cascade signaling pathway, and thus lead to pathological changes. Cdk5 is intimately related to the pathological mechanism of a variety of neurological disorders, such as A-β protein formation in Alzheimer’s disease, mitochondrial fragmentation in cerebral ischemia, and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. It is worth noting that Cdk5 inhibitors have been reported to have neuroprotective effects by inhibiting related pathological processes. Therefore, in this review, we will briefly introduce the physiological and pathological mechanisms of Cdk5 in the nervous system, focusing on the recent advances of Cdk5 in neurological disorders and the prospect of targeted Cdk5 for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncao Ao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liuwang Zeng
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