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Ozdogan M, Papadopoulou E, Metaxa-Mariatou V, Kapetsis G, Meintani A, Florou-Chatzigiannidou C, Yildiz A, Cakir MO, Kirca O, Nasioulas G. Case report: Immunotherapy guided by molecular profiling of tumors: illustrative cases and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1403056. [PMID: 39045411 PMCID: PMC11263966 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1403056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers are necessary for the identification of immunotherapy-responsive patients. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), as determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and PD-L1 expression, as evaluated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), are the biomarkers most frequently employed in clinical practice. In addition, microsatellite instability (MSI) was the first biomarker to demonstrate immunotherapy efficacy irrespective of the type of tumor and possesses a high predictive value. However, its limited use across most tumor types limits its therapeutic potential. This report describes two cancer patients with positive TMB and PD-L1 expression. The molecular profile of the tumor indicated that the first patient was responsive to Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), while the second patient was resistant. These case studies demonstrate that tumor molecular analysis in combination with immunotherapy predictive biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression and TMB, can enhance the prediction of response to ICI for specific patients. This methodology enables an individualized and improved approach to the treatment and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozdogan
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Memorial Antalya Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Akin Yildiz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Muharrem Okan Cakir
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onder Kirca
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Memorial Antalya Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye
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Gao N, Huang Y, Jing S, Zhang M, Liu E, Qiu L, Huang J, Muhitdinov B, Huang Y. Environment-responsive dendrobium polysaccharide hydrogel embedding manganese microsphere as a post-operative adjuvant to boost cascaded immune cycle against melanoma. Theranostics 2024; 14:3810-3826. [PMID: 38994034 PMCID: PMC11234272 DOI: 10.7150/thno.94354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Surgical resection is a primary treatment for solid tumors, but high rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis post-surgery present significant challenges. Manganese (Mn2+), known to enhance dendritic cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy by activating the cGAS-STING pathway, has potential in post-operative cancer management. However, achieving prolonged and localized delivery of Mn2+ to stimulate immune responses without systemic toxicity remains a challenge. Methods: We developed a post-operative microenvironment-responsive dendrobium polysaccharide hydrogel embedded with Mn2+-pectin microspheres (MnP@DOP-Gel). This hydrogel system releases Mn2+-pectin microspheres (MnP) in response to ROS, and MnP shows a dual effect in vitro: promoting immunogenic cell death and activating immune cells (dendritic cells and macrophages). The efficacy of MnP@DOP-Gel as a post-surgical treatment and its potential for immune activation were assessed in both subcutaneous and metastatic melanoma models in mice, exploring its synergistic effect with anti-PD1 antibody. Result: MnP@DOP-Gel exhibited ROS-responsive release of MnP, which could exert dual effects by inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells and activating dendritic cells and macrophages to initiate a cascade of anti-tumor immune responses. In vivo experiments showed that the implanted MnP@DOP-Gel significantly inhibited residual tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, the combination of MnP@DOP-Gel and anti-PD1 antibody displayed superior therapeutic potency in preventing either metastasis or abscopal brain tumor growth. Conclusions: MnP@DOP-Gel represents a promising drug-free strategy for cancer post-operative management. Utilizing this Mn2+-embedding and ROS-responsive delivery system, it regulates surgery-induced immune responses and promotes sustained anti-tumor responses, potentially increasing the effectiveness of surgical cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Shisuo Jing
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ergang Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510450, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Bahtiyor Muhitdinov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 561113, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wen J, Yu JZ, Liu C, Ould Ismail AAO, Ma W. Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2044. [PMID: 38396722 PMCID: PMC10889194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival. Recent advances in imaging and systemic treatments have increased the detection rates of brain metastases, yet clinical outcomes remain dismal due to the complexity of the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of specific biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapy. The intricate interplay between NSCLC tumor cells and the surrounding TME in brain metastases is pivotal, influencing tumor progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy. This underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of brain metastases, tumor microenvironment, and the identification of actionable biomarkers that can inform multimodal treatment approaches. The goal of this review is to synthesize current insights into the TME and elucidate molecular mechanisms in NSCLC brain metastases. Furthermore, we will explore the promising horizon of emerging biomarkers, both tissue- and liquid-based, that hold the potential to radically transform the treatment strategies and the enhancement of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Wen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie-Zeng Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - A. Aziz O. Ould Ismail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Weijie Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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