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Park SH. Role of Phytochemicals in Treatment of Aging and Cancer: Focus on Mechanism of FOXO3 Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1099. [PMID: 39334758 PMCID: PMC11428386 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been many studies reporting that the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risks of cancer and age-related chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that reducing reactive oxygen species and inflammation by phytochemicals derived from natural sources can extend lifespans in a range of model organisms. Phytochemicals derived from fruits and vegetables have been known to display both preventative and suppressive activities against various types of cancer via in vitro and in vivo research by interfering with cellular processes critical for tumor development. The current challenge lies in creating tailored supplements containing specific phytochemicals for individual needs. Achieving this goal requires a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which phytochemicals affect human health. In this review, we examine recently (from 2010 to 2024) reported plant extracts and phytochemicals with established anti-aging and anti-cancer effects via the activation of FOXO3 transcriptional factor. Additionally, we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these molecules exert their anti-aging and anti-cancer effects in specific model systems. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of the current research approach and outline for potential future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
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2
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Manoharan S, Prajapati K, Karthikeyan T, Vedagiri H, Perumal E. Virtual screening of FOXO3a activators from natural product-like compound library. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1393-1408. [PMID: 37261568 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
FOXO3a is an inevitable transcription factor, which is involved in the regulation of biological processes such as proliferation, DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest and cell death. Previous studies confirmed that FOXO3a is an excellent tumor suppressor and in cancer cells, it gets phosphorylated followed by proteasomal degradation. FOXO3a is found to be inactivated in cancer cells, whereas in normal cells it gets activated and upregulates its downstream targets, which induces apoptotic pathways. Hence, activation of FOXO3a can be implicated in cancer prevention and treatment. A variety of commercially available FOXO3a activators such as doxorubicin and metformin possess undesirable adverse effects to normal cells and tissues, which are their major limitations. Natural bioactive compounds, eliminating the limitations of such compounds, become an excellent choice for the treatment and prevention of cancer. In this study, a library of natural product-like compounds was screened for their FOXO3a activation potential through in silico approach, which included the use of several bioinformatics tools and processes. Other molecular interaction studies as well as binding and specificity studies were carried out with the help of molecular dynamics simulation. Virtual screening of 7700 small molecules from the Natural Products-like Compound Library revealed the top three FOXO3a activators F3385-6269, F2183-0033 and F3351-0330. Further validation studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Kunjkumar Prajapati
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Tharini Karthikeyan
- Molecular Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Hemamalini Vedagiri
- Molecular Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
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3
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Mei W, Mei B, Chang J, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu N, Hu M. Role and regulation of FOXO3a: new insights into breast cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1346745. [PMID: 38505423 PMCID: PMC10949727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the world, particularly affecting female cancer patients. Enhancing the therapeutic strategies for breast cancer necessitates identifying molecular drug targets that effectively eliminate tumor cells. One of these prominent targets is the forkhead and O3a class (FOXO3a), a member of the forkhead transcription factor subfamily. FOXO3a plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and drug resistance. It acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, although its specific role in cancer remains unclear. Moreover, FOXO3a shows promise as a potential marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, it is actively influenced by common anti-breast cancer drugs like paclitaxel, simvastatin, and gefitinib. In breast cancer, the regulation of FOXO3a involves intricate networks, encompassing post-translational modification post-translational regulation by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and protein-protein interaction. The specific mechanism of FOXO3a in breast cancer urgently requires further investigation. This review aims to systematically elucidate the role of FOXO3a in breast cancer. Additionally, it reviews the interaction of FOXO3a and its upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules to uncover potential therapeutic drugs and related regulatory factors for breast cancer treatment by regulating FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Department of Neurology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Bingyin Mei
- Department of Neurology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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4
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Manoharan S, Prajapati K, Perumal E. Natural bioactive compounds and FOXO3a in cancer therapeutics: An update. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105807. [PMID: 38168566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3a (FOXO3a) is a transcription factor that regulates various downstream targets upon its activation, leading to the upregulation of tumor suppressor and apoptotic pathways. Hence, targeting FOXO3a is an emerging strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Recently, Natural Bioactive Compounds (NBCs) have been used in drug discovery for treating various disorders including cancer. Notably, several NBCs have been shown as potent FOXO3a activators. NBCs upregulate FOXO3a expressions through PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, AMPK, and IκB signaling pathways. FOXO3a promotes its anticancer effects by upregulating the levels of its downstream targets, including Bim, FasL, and Bax, leading to apoptosis. This review focuses on the dysregulation of FOXO3a in carcinogenesis and explores the potent FOXO3a activating NBCs for cancer prevention and treatment. Additionally, the review evaluates the safety and efficacy of NBCs. Looking ahead, NBCs are anticipated to become a cost-effective, potent, and safer therapeutic option for cancer, making them a focal point of research in the field of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kunjkumar Prajapati
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
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5
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Yang X, Wei M, An Y, Liang Q, Nan J, Vijayalakshmi A, Wang Z. Vernodalin Triggers ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in TPC-1 Human PapillaryThyroid Cancer Cells via Suppression of the MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2151-2158. [PMID: 39099452 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073286226240220092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid Cancer (TC) is an endocrine organ malignancy that has become more common in recent decades. Vernodalin (VN), a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties against human breast and liver cancer cells. However, no study has explored the efficacy of VN with respect to its antiproliferative and apoptotic action on human Papillary Thyroid Cancer cells (PTC). OBJECTIVE The study intended to examine the antitumor and antiproliferative effects of VN and the apoptosis mechanisms underlying its action on TPC-1 human PTC cells. METHODS In this study, we examined the VN cell viability by MTT assay; performed ROS measurement by DCFH staining method, MMP identification by Rh-123 staining method, and apoptotic morphological assay by employing AO/EB and DAPI stain method, and further, p38 MAPK/ERK/JNK cell proliferation markers were determined by western blotting technique. RESULTS The findings showed that VN could inhibit the growth of PTC cells by increasing intracellular ROS, damaging MMP, and stimulating apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The study demonstrated how VN inhibited TPC-1 cell viability by causing ROS-induced cell death via the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION VN may serve as an agonist to impact apoptosis in PTC cells. In human PTC, VN could play an effective role in chemotherapy. More studies pertaining to animal tumor models are needed to prove its anti-cancer effectiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Dialysis Department of Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qinlong Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- Galileovasan Offshore and Research And Development Pvt. Ltd, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, 611002, India
| | - Zizhang Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Univesity, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China
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6
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Duan HD, Cheng ZF, Zhu JB, Hu R, Li XY. Vernodalin regulated the NF-κβp65 signaling in inflammation of lipopolysaccharide -induced sepsis rats. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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circFOXO3: Going around the mechanistic networks in cancer by interfering with miRNAs regulatory networks. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166045. [PMID: 33513429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) have gained recent interest due to their functional versatility due to their interactions with other RNA species and proteins, all of which underline complex regulatory networks involved in pathogenic mechanisms. As a result, recent insights in circRNA biology are investigating their biomarker and therapeutic potential. One such circRNA is CircFOXO3, which consists of the circularized second exon of the FOXO3 mRNA, a member of the forkhead box transcription factor family involved in the regulation of developmental programs. Recent research focused on the role of circFOXO3 in the context of cancer has highlighted several implications in key tumorigenesis mechanisms, thus consolidating its relevance among other identified circRNAs. In this paper, we will focus on the currently identified case-specific implications of circFOXO3 in cancer, with a focus on the circFOXO3-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, its interactions with different proteins, and their cumulated biological effects upon tumor development. Therefore, we aim to provide an integrated perspective of the mechanistic implications of circFOXO3 in different cancers while also highlighting its biomarker or therapeutic potential based on the current evidence.
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8
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Fu SW, Zhang Y, Li S, Shi ZY, Zhao J, He QL. LncRNA TTN-AS1 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via miR-411-3p/NFAT5 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:415. [PMID: 32863773 PMCID: PMC7453543 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common kind of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, which is a threat to public health. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the development of various diseases, including cancers. LncRNA titin antisense RNA 1 (TTN-AS1) is known as a crucial regulatory factor in several cancers. Nevertheless, the specific functions of TTN-AS1 in OSCC remains obscure. Methods The expression of TTN-AS1 in OSCC samples or cells was analyzed through qRT-PCR. Colony formation assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry assay, TUNEL assay and wound healing assay were conducted to estimate the functions of TTN-AS1 in OSCC cells. RIP and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to detect the interaction between TTN-AS1 and miR-411-3p as well as between miR-411-3p and NFAT5. Results TTN-AS1 expression was stronger in OSCC cells. Knockdown of TTN-AS1 effectively restrained cell proliferation and migration but had inductive role in apoptosis. Moreover, TTN-AS1 could function as the miR-411-3p sponge in OSCC and miR-411-3p exerted the inhibitory functions on OSCC cell growth. In addition, NFAT5 was proven as the target of miR-411-3p. Rescue assay indicated that overexpressing NFAT5 could reverse the inhibitory function of TTN-AS1 depletion on cell growth. Conclusion lncRNA TTN-AS1 contributed to the progression of OSCC via miR-411-3p/NFAT5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Wei Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Zhi-Yan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Qing-Li He
- Department of Stomatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
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9
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Mohebali N, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR, Anandasadagopan SK, Alagumuthu T. Vernodalin induces apoptosis through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human colon cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22587. [PMID: 32726518 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most leading death-causing cancers in the world. Vernodalin, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported to possess anticancer properties against human breast cancer cells. We aimed to examine the anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells. Vernodalin was used on human colon cancer cells, HT-29 and HCT116. The cytotoxicity of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells was determined through in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Small interfering RNA was used to analyze the cascade activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HT-29, and HCT116 cells against vernodalin treatment. The protein expressions of caspase 3, Bcl-2, and Bax were examined through Western blot analysis. Immunoblot analysis on the JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK pathways showed increased activation due to vernodalin treatment. It was proven from the JNK and p38 inhibition test that both pathways are significantly activated by vernodalin to induce apoptosis. Our results, collectively, showed the apoptosis-induced anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells that was mediated through the activation of JNK pathway and apoptotic regulator proteins. These results suggest that vernodalin could be developed as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohebali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li J, Ma W, Cheng X, Zhang X, Xie Y, Ji Z, Wu S. Activation of FOXO3 pathway is involved in polyphyllin I-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human bladder cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Samidurai D, Pandurangan AK, Krishnamoorthi SK, Perumal MK, Nanjian R. Sinensetin isolated from Orthosiphon aristatus inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Wei F, Wang M, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y. miR‑593 inhibits proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer cells by targeting SLUG‑associated signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5172-5182. [PMID: 31661137 PMCID: PMC6854539 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) serve a critical role in tumor development. However, the role of miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression remains largely unknown. The present study observed that miR-593 was significantly impaired in patients with NSCLC and was a novel regulator of NSCLC progression. Patients whose tumors had high expression levels of miR-593 had longer overall survival than patients whose tumors had low levels of miR-593 expression (P=0.0219). miR-593 expression levels were inversely correlated with zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SLUG) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 87 clinical tissue specimens of NSCLC (P<0.001). A luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-593 interacted with the binding sites present in the SLUG 3′-untranslated region and reduced the expression of SLUG. Introduction of a miR-593 mimic suppressed cell proliferation by inactivating the SLUG/protein kinase B (Akt)/cyclin D1/CDK4 or CDK6 signaling pathway, while it induced apoptosis by activating the SLUG/Akt/Bcl-2/BAX signaling pathway. Furthermore, introduction of a miR-593 mimic recovered the expression of E-cadherin at the protein and mRNA level, and inhibited cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, these results indicated that miR-593 may act as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC to decelerate cancer aggressiveness by inhibiting SLUG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110033, P.R. China
| | - Mofei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110033, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110033, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110033, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110033, P.R. China
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13
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Zhou J, Zhou LY, Tang X, Zhang J, Zhai LL, Yi YY, Yi J, Lin J, Qian J, Deng ZQ. Circ-Foxo3 is positively associated with the Foxo3 gene and leads to better prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:930. [PMID: 31533653 PMCID: PMC6751826 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Foxo3 gene, belonging to the forkhead family, is one of the classes of transcription factors characterized by a forkhead DNA-binding domain, which usually considered being a cancer suppressor gene. Circ-Foxo3 is a circular structure which connects the 3’end to the 5’end. Scholars detected that circ-Foxo3 could compete with Foxo3 for binding to some miRNAs. Methods In this study, we will test the expression of Foxo3 and circ-Foxo3 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to explore the relationship between Foxo3 gene and circ-Foxo3. All the de novo AML samples and normal control samples was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. A receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to differentiate AML patients from control people. Association of Foxo3 expression and overall survival was conducted by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results We found that the expression of Foxo3 gene in de novo patients was significantly lower than control samples (P = 0.009). Meanwhile, circ-Foxo3 also expressed lower in de novo AML patients than in control samples (P = 0.040). In different classifications, this trend could be observed more remarkably. In non-M3 patients, the Foxo3 high patients’ survival time was longer than Foxo3 low patients (P = 0.002). Besides, in non-favorable risk groups, patients with low expression of Foxo3 had longer survival time than Foxo3 high patients (P = 0.004). Furthermore, in normal Karyotypic patients, the overall survival time of patients with high-expressed Foxo3 was significantly longer than those with low expression (P = 0.034). Besides, Pearson analysis was also conducted between these two genes in AML patients. Results revealed that they were positively correlated (R = 0.63, P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, we found that low expression of circ-Foxo3 and Foxo3 were frequent in AML patients, and patients with high expression of Foxo3 often had a trend of better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Dual role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184354. [PMID: 31491919 PMCID: PMC6770252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a grave problem nowadays in view of the fact that it has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. Poor clinical prognosis is presumably due to cancer cells metabolism as tumor microenvironment is affected by oxidative stress. This event triggers adequate cellular response and thereby creates appropriate conditions for further cancer progression. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when the balance between an ability of the ER to fold and transfer proteins and the degradation of the misfolded ones become distorted. Since ER is an organelle relatively sensitive to oxidative damage, aforementioned conditions swiftly cause the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. The output of the UPR, depending on numerous factors, may vary and switch between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic branch, and hence it displays opposing effects in deciding the fate of the cancer cell. The role of UPR-related proteins in tumorigenesis, such as binding the immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) or the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), has already been specifically described so far. Nevertheless, due to the paradoxical outcomes of the UPR activation as well as gaps in current knowledge, it still needs to be further investigated. Herein we would like to elicit the actual link between neoplastic diseases and the UPR signaling pathway, considering its major branches and discussing its potential use in the development of a novel, anti-cancer, targeted therapy.
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Sang Y, Chen B, Song X, Li Y, Liang Y, Han D, Zhang N, Zhang H, Liu Y, Chen T, Li C, Wang L, Zhao W, Yang Q. circRNA_0025202 Regulates Tamoxifen Sensitivity and Tumor Progression via Regulating the miR-182-5p/FOXO3a Axis in Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1638-1652. [PMID: 31153828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Despite its initial therapeutic efficacy, many patients eventually develop drug resistance, which remains a serious clinical challenge. To investigate roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in tamoxifen resistance, a tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cell line was established and screened for its circRNA expression profile by RNA sequencing. hsa_circ_0025202, a circRNA that was significantly downregulated, was selected for further investigation. Using a large cohort of clinical specimens, we found that hsa_circ_0025202 exhibited low expression in cancer tissues and was negatively correlated with lymphatic metastasis and histological grade. Gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that hsa_circ_0025202 could inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration and increase cell apoptosis and sensitivity to tamoxifen. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays verified that hsa_circ_0025202 could act as a miRNA sponge for miR-182-5p and further regulate the expression and activity of FOXO3a. Functional studies revealed that tumor inhibition and tamoxifen sensitization effects of hsa_circ_0025202 were achieved via the miR-182-5p/FOXO3a axis. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed that hsa_circ_0025202 could suppress tumor growth and enhance tamoxifen efficacy. Taken together, hsa_circ_0025202 served an anti-oncogenic role in HR-positive breast cancer, and it could be exploited as a novel marker for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dianwen Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Luo M, Wu C, Guo E, Peng S, Zhang L, Sun W, Liu D, Hu G, Hu G. FOXO3a knockdown promotes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 455:26-35. [PMID: 31022422 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the forkhead box O 3a (FOXO3a) gene are closely related to the progression of several types of cancers. However, few studies explore the relationship between FOXO3a and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our findings demonstrate that silencing FOXO3a promotes tumor radioresistance of NPC in vitro and in vivo through inducing EMT and activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. These data establish that FOXO3a can be a novel and reliable NPC marker and a potential therapeutic target against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ergang Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Pandurangan AK, Ismail S, Esa NM, Munusamy MA. Inositol-6 phosphate inhibits the mTOR pathway and induces autophagy-mediated death in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1281-1288. [PMID: 30393482 PMCID: PMC6209706 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.76935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common, with a worldwide incidence estimated at more than 1 million cases annually. Therefore, the search for agents for CRC treatment is highly warranted. Inositol-6 phosphate (IP6) is enriched in rice bran and possesses many beneficial effects. In the present study the effect of IP6 on autophagy-mediated death by modulating the mTOR pathway in HT-29 colon cancer cells was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Autophagy was assessed by acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and western blotting to detect LC3-II and Beclin 1. Akt/mTOR signaling protein expression was also analyzed by western blotting. Apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V staining. RESULTS Incubation of cells with IP6 resulted in downregulation of the p-Akt at 3h. Along with that confocal microscopic analysis of p-AKT, IP6 administration resulted that a diminished expression of p-Akt. mTOR pathway regulates autophagy and incubation with IP6 to HT-29 cells showed decreased expression of p-70S6Kinase, 4-EBP-1 in a time-dependent manner. Inositol-6 phosphate (10 μg/ml, 24 and 48 h) induced autophagic vesicles, as confirmed by AO staining and transmission electron microscopy. We also found increased expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1 in a time-dependent manner after incubation with IP6. Furthermore, IP6 induced apoptosis, as revealed by annexin V staining. CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly indicate that IP6 induces autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmiah Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murugan A. Munusamy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Q, Cao Y, Zhou P, Gui S, Wu X, Xia Y, Tu J. Panduratin A Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Inducing G0/G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:328-334. [PMID: 29301388 PMCID: PMC5933901 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the unsatisfactory treatment options for breast cancer (BC), there is a need to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this malignancy. One such strategy is chemotherapy using non-toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Studies have shown that Panduratin A (PA) possesses many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities. In the present study, we provide evidence that PA treatment of MCF-7 BC cells resulted in a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth with an IC50 of 15 μM and no to little effect on normal human MCF-10A breast cells. To define the mechanism of these anti-proliferative effects of PA, we determined its effect critical molecular events known to regulate the cell cycle and apoptotic machinery. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V-FITC staining provided evidence for the induction of apoptosis. PA treatment of BC cells resulted in increased activity/expression of mitochondrial cytochrome C, caspases 7, 8 and 9 with a significant increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, suggesting the involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed that PA treatment of cells resulted in G0/G1 arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis data revealed that, in MCF-7 cell lines, PA treatment resulted in the dose-dependent (i) induction of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, (ii) downregulation of Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and (iii) decrease in cyclin D1. These findings suggest that PA may be an effective therapeutic agent against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Shimin Gui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Jianhong Tu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
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Wu W, Han X, Wu C, Wei G, Zheng G, Li Y, Yang Y, Yang L, He D, Zhao Y, Cai Z. Vernodalol mediates antitumor effects in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2227-2235. [PMID: 29434929 PMCID: PMC5776941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains a challenge to cure due to the side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy and drug resistance. The present study demonstrated that vernodalol, an active compound isolated from Centratherum anthelminticum, suppresses APL cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through the upregulation of p21 and cell division cycle 25. In addition, vernodalol induced cellular apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway as observed by the cleavage of caspase-9 as well as the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO into the cytosol. A mechanistic study revealed that vernodalol may exert its antitumor activity through the suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. In conclusion, vernodalol may be developed as a potential therapeutic compound for the treatment of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Cai Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Donghua He
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Multiple Myeloma Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Xue M, Liang H, Tang Q, Xue C, He X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liang Z, Bian K, Zhang L, Li Z. The Protective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Fucoidan Against 7,12-Dimethyl benz[a]anthracene-Induced Experimental Mammary Carcinogenesis Through the PD1/PDL1 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1234-1244. [PMID: 29043842 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1362446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that is extracted from brown algae seaweed. This study was designed to evaluate the protective and immunomodulatory effects of dietary fucoidan on 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced experimental mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups: the control group (control group), the cancer model group (model group), and the F1 and F2 groups, which were fed fucoidan at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg·body weight, respectively. We found that fucoidan treatment decreased the tumor incidence and mean tumor weight and prolonged the tumor latency. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the number of blood natural killer cells was higher after fucoidan treatment and that the proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells were also increased. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, and interferon (IFN)-γ were higher in the rats treated with fucoidan compared to those of model rats. Moreover, the percentage of CD3+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the blood and the levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β in the serum were lower in the rats treated with fucoidan. Furthermore, fucoidan treatment decreased the expression of Foxp3 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) in tumor tissues. The levels of p-phosphatidyl inositol kinase 3 and p-AKT in tumor tissues were also lower than those of model rats. These results suggest that a fucoidan-supplemented diet can inhibit DMBA-induced tumors in rats. This study provides experimental evidence toward elucidating the immune enhancement induced by fucoidan through the programmed cell death 1/PDL1 signaling pathway. The immunomodulatory effect is one of the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of fucoidan against mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Xue
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Hui Liang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- b College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Chuanxing Xue
- c Qingdao Haixi City Development Ltd , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Xinjia He
- d Oncology Department , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | | | - Kang Bian
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
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Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR. Modulation of oncogenic transcription factors by bioactive natural products in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:376-388. [PMID: 28923544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis, a multi-step phenomenon, characterized by alterations at genetic level and affecting the main intracellular pathways controlling cell growth and development. There are growing number of evidences linking oncogenes to the induction of malignancies, especially breast cancer. Modulations of oncogenes lead to gain-of-function signals in the cells and contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype. These signals yield a large number of proteins that cause cell growth and inhibit apoptosis. Transcription factors such as STAT, p53, NF-κB, c-JUN and FOXM1, are proteins that are conserved among species, accumulate in the nucleus, bind to DNA and regulate the specific genes targets. Oncogenic transcription factors resulting from the mutation or overexpression following aberrant gene expression relay the signals in the nucleus and disrupt the transcription pattern. Activation of oncogenic transcription factors is associated with control of cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and cell differentiation. Among different cancer types, breast cancer is one of top ten cancers worldwide. There are different subtypes of breast cancer cell-lines such as non-aggressive MCF-7 and aggressive and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, which are identified with distinct molecular profile and different levels of oncogenic transcription factor. For instance, MDA-MB-231 carries mutated and overexpressed p53 with its abnormal, uncontrolled downstream signalling pathway that account for resistance to several anticancer drugs compared to MCF-7 cells with wild-type p53. Appropriate enough, inhibition of oncogenic transcription factors has become a potential target in discovery and development of anti-tumour drugs against breast cancer. Plants produce diverse amount of organic metabolites. Universally, these metabolites with biological activities are known as "natural products". The chemical structure and function of natural products have been studied since 1850s. Investigating these properties leaded to recognition of their molecular effects as anticancer drugs. Numerous natural products extracted from plants, fruits, mushrooms and mycelia, show potential inhibitory effects against several oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer. Natural compounds that target oncogenic transcription factors have increased the number of candidate therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current findings of natural products in targeting specific oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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22
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Role of Forkhead Box Class O proteins in cancer progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:142-151. [PMID: 28774834 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that several gene alterations including transcription factors are critically involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Forkhead Box Class O proteins (FoxOs) including FoxO1/FKHR, FoxO3/FKHRL1, FoxO4/AFX and FoxO6 transcription factors are known to play key roles in proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, cell metabolism, aging and cancer biology through their phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation. Though FoxOs are proved to be mainly regulated by upstream phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3 K)/Akt signaling pathway, the role of FoxOs in cancer progression and metastasis still remains unclear so far. Thus, with previous experimental evidences, the present review discussed the role of FoxOs in association with metastasis related molecules including cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), Cdc25A/Cdk2, Src, serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases (SGKs), CXCR4, E-cadherin, annexin A8 (ANXA8), Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and mRNAs such as miR-182, miR-135b, miR-499-5p, miR-1274a, miR-150, miR-34b/c and miR-622, subsequently analyzed the molecular mechanism of some natural compounds targeting FoxOs and finally suggested future research directions in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Zhang CY, Yu MS, Li X, Zhang Z, Han CR, Yan B. Overexpression of long non-coding RNA MEG3 suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis through AKT pathway. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28635399 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA MEG3 has been identified as a tumor suppressor which plays important roles in tumorigenesis; however, its potential role in breast cancer has not been fully examined. Here, we showed that MEG3 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of MEG3 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, suggesting that MEG3 played an important role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, MEG3 upregulation caused marked inhibition of angiogenesis-related factor expression. Conditioned medium derived from MEG3 overexpressed breast cancer cells significantly decreased the capillary tube formation of endothelial cells. Furthermore, elevated expression of MEG3 in breast cancer inhibits in vivo tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in a nude mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, overexpression of MEG3 results in downregulation of AKT signaling, which is pivotal for breast cancer cell growth, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis. Collectively, these results suggest that MEG3 might suppress the tumor growth and angiogenesis via AKT signaling pathway and MEG3 may serve as a potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic target of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Zhang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Yu
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ce-Ran Han
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yan
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Ding C, Fan X, Wu G. Peroxiredoxin 1 - an antioxidant enzyme in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:193-202. [PMID: 27653015 PMCID: PMC5192802 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), a ubiquitous family of redox‐regulating proteins, are reported of potential to eliminate various reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a major member of the antioxidant enzymes, PRDX1 can become easily over‐oxidized on its catalytically active cysteine induced by a variety of stimuli in vitro and in vivo. In nucleus, oligomeric PRDX1 directly associates with p53 or transcription factors such as c‐Myc, NF‐κB and AR, and thus affects their bioactivities upon gene regulation, which in turn induces or suppresses cell death. Additionally, PRDX1 in cytoplasm has anti‐apoptotic potential through direct or indirect interactions with several ROS‐dependent (redox regulation) effectors, including ASK1, p66Shc, GSTpi/JNK and c‐Abl kinase. PRDX1 is proven to be a versatile molecule regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that PRDX1 and/or PRDX1‐regulated ROS‐dependent signalling pathways play an important role in the progression and metastasis of human tumours, particularly in breast, oesophageal and lung cancers. In this paper, we review the structure, effector functions of PRDX1, its role in cancer and the pivotal role of ROS in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Hasanpourghadi M, Karthikeyan C, Pandurangan AK, Looi CY, Trivedi P, Kobayashi K, Tanaka K, Wong WF, Mustafa MR. Targeting of tubulin polymerization and induction of mitotic blockage by Methyl 2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (MBIC) in human cervical cancer HeLa cell. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:58. [PMID: 27030360 PMCID: PMC4815073 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Microtubule Targeting Agents (MTAs) including paclitaxel, colchicine and vinca alkaloids are widely used in the treatment of various cancers. As with most chemotherapeutic agents, adverse effects and drug resistance are commonly associated with the clinical use of these agents. Methyl 2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (MBIC), a benzimidazole derivative displays greater toxicity against various cancer compared to normal human cell lines. The present study, focused on the cytotoxic effects of MBIC against HeLa cervical cancer cells and possible actions on the microtubule assembly. Methods Apoptosis detection and cell-cycle assays were performed to determine the type of cell death and the phase of cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells. Tubulin polymerization assay and live-cell imaging were performed to visualize effects on the microtubule assembly in the presence of MBIC. Mitotic kinases and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. In addition, the synergistic effect of MBIC with low doses of selected chemotherapeutic actions were examined against the cancer cells. Results Results from the present study showed that following treatment with MBIC, the HeLa cells went into mitotic arrest comprising of multi-nucleation and unsegregated chromosomes with a prolonged G2-M phase. In addition, the HeLa cells showed signs of mitochondrial-dependant apoptotic features such as the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases. MBIC markedly interferes with tubulin polymerization. Western blotting results indicated that MBIC affects mitotic regulatory machinery by up-regulating BubR1, Cyclin B1, CDK1 and down-regulation of Aurora B. In addition, MBIC displayed synergistic effect when given in combination with colchicine, nocodazole, paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated the distinctive microtubule destabilizing effects of MBIC against cervical cancer cells in vitro. Besides that, MBIC exhibited synergistic effects with low doses of selected anticancer drugs and thus, may potentially reduce the toxicity and drug resistance to these agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0332-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, 462033, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, 462033, India
| | - Kinue Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Yang LJ, Tang Q, Wu J, Chen Y, Zheng F, Dai Z, Hann SS. Inter-regulation of IGFBP1 and FOXO3a unveils novel mechanism in ursolic acid-inhibited growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:59. [PMID: 27036874 PMCID: PMC4815122 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, exerts anti-tumor effects in various cancer types including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain largely unknown. METHODS Cell viability and cell cycle were examined by MTT and Flow cytometry assays. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the phosphorylation and protein expression of p38 MAPK, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and forkhead box O3A (FOXO3a). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the mRNA levels of IGFBP1 gene. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) method was used to knockdown IGFBP1 gene. Exogenous expressions of IGFBP1 and FOXO3a were carried out by transient transfection assays. IGFBP1 promoter activity was measured by Secrete-Pair™ Dual Luminescence Assay Kit . In vivo nude mice xenograft model and bioluminescent imaging system were used to confirm the findings in vitro. RESULTS We showed that UA stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In addition, UA increased the protein, mRNA levels, and promoter activity of IGFBP1, which was abrogated by the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK (SB203580). Intriguingly, we showed that UA increased the expression of FOXO3a and that overexpressed FOXO3a enhanced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, all of which were not observed in cells silencing of endogenous IGFBP1 gene. Moreover, exogenous expressed IGFBP1 strengthened UA-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and FOXO3a protein expression, and more importantly, restored the effect of UA-inhibited growth in cells silencing of endogenous IGFBP1 gene. Consistent with these, UA suppressed tumor growth and increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, protein expressions of IGFBP1 and FOXO3a in vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results show that UA inhibits growth of HCC cells through p38 MAPK-mediated induction of IGFBP1 and FOXO3a expression. The interactions between IGFBP1 and FOXO3a, and feedback regulatory loop of p38 MAPK by IGFBP1 and FOXO3a resulting in reciprocal pathways, contribute to the overall effects of UA. This in vitro and in vivo study corroborates a potential novel mechanism by which UA controls HCC growth and implies that the rational targeting IGFBP1 and FOXO3a can be potential for the therapeutic strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jun Yang
- />Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Target Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
| | - Qing Tang
- />Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Target Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- />Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Target Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- />Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Target Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
| | - Fang Zheng
- />Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Target Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
| | - Zhenhui Dai
- />Department of Radiation Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- />Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Target Therapy, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120 China
- />No. 55, Neihuan West Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006 P. R. China
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Wang M, Zhou A, An T, Kong L, Yu C, Liu J, Xia C, Zhou H, Li Y. N-Hydroxyphthalimide exhibits antitumor activity by suppressing mTOR signaling pathway in BT-20 and LoVo cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:41. [PMID: 26940018 PMCID: PMC4778274 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), an important chemical raw material, was found to have potent and selective anti-proliferative effect on human breast carcinoma BT-20 cells, human colon adenocarcinoma LoVo and HT-29 cells during our screening for anticancer compounds. The purpose of this study is to assess the antitumor efficacy of NHPI in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying antitumor mechanism. Methods Cell cytotoxicity of NHPI was evaluated using MTS assay and cell morphological analysis. After NHPI treatment, cell cycle, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed using flow cytometer. The subcellular localization of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. The antitumor efficacy of NHPI in vivo was tested in BT-20 xenografts. The underlying antitumor mechanisms of NHPI in vitro and in vivo were investigated with western blot analysis in NHPI-treated cancer cells and tumor tissues. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t-test. Results In vitro, NHPI selectively inhibited the proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest in BT-20 and LoVo cells, which was attributed to the inhibition of cyclin B1 and cdc2 expressions. Furthermore, NHPI induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. Of note, NHPI effectively inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling, and overcame the feedback activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) caused by mTORC1 inhibition in BT-20 and LoVo cells. In vivo, NHPI inhibited tumor growth and suppressed mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling in BT-20 xenografts with no obvious toxicity. Conclusions We found for the first time that NHPI displayed antitumor activity which is associated with the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that NHPI may be developed as a promising candidate for cancer therapeutics by targeting mTOR signaling pathway and as such warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ankun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lingmei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Chunlei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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