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He Y, Wang X. Identifying biomarkers associated with immunotherapy response in melanoma by multi-omics analysis. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107591. [PMID: 37875043 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown the greatest success in melanoma treatment, only a subset of melanoma patients responds well to ICIs. Thus, identifying predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response is crucial. In this study, we took complementary advantages of immunotherapy data and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) multi-omics data to explore the predictive biomarkers for the response to immunotherapy in melanoma. We first predicted responsive and non-responsive melanomas in the TCGA skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort based on both somatic mutation and transcriptome datasets which involved immunotherapy data for melanoma. This method identified 170 responsive and 56 non-responsive melanomas in TCGA-SKCM. Based on the TCGA-SKCM data, we performed a comprehensive comparison of multi-omics molecular features between responsive and non-responsive melanomas. We identified the molecular features significantly associated with immunotherapy response in melanoma at the genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome levels, respectively. Our analysis confirmed certain immunotherapy response-associated biomarkers, such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), copy number alteration (CNA), intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), PD-L1 expression, and tumor immunity. Moreover, we identified some novel molecular features associated with immunotherapy response: (1) the activation of mast cells and dendritic cells correlating negatively with immunotherapy response; (2) the enrichment of many oncogenic pathways correlating positively with immunotherapy response, such as JAK-STAT, RAS, MAPK, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and VEGF pathways; and (3) a number of microRNAs and proteins whose expression correlates with immunotherapy response. In addition, the mTOR signaling pathway has a negative association with immunotherapy response. The novel biomarkers have potential predictive values in immunotherapy response and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin He
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Okabe M, Miyamoto Y, Ikoma Y, Takahashi M, Shirai R, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Yamauchi J. RhoG-Binding Domain of Elmo1 Ameliorates Excessive Process Elongation Induced by Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Sema5A. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:548-566. [PMID: 38133141 PMCID: PMC10745971 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD is characterized by poor interpersonal relationships and strong attachment. The correlations between activated or inactivated gene products, which occur as a result of genetic mutations affecting neurons in ASD patients, and ASD symptoms are now of critical concern. Here, for the first time, we describe the process in which that the respective ASD-associated mutations (Arg676-to-Cys [R676C] and Ser951-to-Cys [S951C]) of semaphorin-5A (Sema5A) localize Sema5A proteins themselves around the plasma membrane in the N1E-115 cell line, a model line that can achieve neuronal morphological differentiation. The expression of each mutated construct resulted in the promotion of excessive elongation of neurite-like processes with increased differentiation protein markers; R676C was more effective than S951C. The differentiated phenotypes were very partially neutralized by an antibody, against Plexin-B3 as the specific Sema5A receptor, suggesting that the effects of Sema5A act in an autocrine manner. R676C greatly increased the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the signaling molecules underlying process elongation. In contrast, the blocking of JNK signaling, by a chemical JNK inhibitor or an inhibitory construct of the interaction of RhoG with Elmo1 as JNK upstream signaling molecules, recovered the excessive process elongation. These results suggest that ASD-associated mutations of Sema5A, acting through the JNK signaling cascade, lead to excessive differentiated phenotypes, and the inhibition of JNK signaling recovers them, revealing possible therapeutic targets for recovering the potential molecular and cellular phenotypes underlying certain ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mikito Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science,Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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3
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Surman M, Jankowska U, Wilczak M, Przybyło M. Similarities and Differences in the Protein Composition of Cutaneous Melanoma Cells and Their Exosomes Identified by Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041097. [PMID: 36831440 PMCID: PMC9954195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular transport of proteins mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs)-exosomes and ectosomes-is one of the factors facilitating carcinogenesis. Therefore, the research on protein cargo of melanoma-derived EVs may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in melanoma progression and contribute to the development of alternative biomarkers. Proteomic data on melanoma-derived EVs are very limited. The shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS approach was applied to analyze the protein composition of primary (WM115, WM793) and metastatic (WM266-4, WM1205Lu) cutaneous melanoma cells and exosomes released by them. All cells secreted homogeneous populations of exosomes that shared a characteristic set of proteins. In total, 3514 and 1234 unique proteins were identified in melanoma cells and exosomes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment in several cancer-related categories, including cell proliferation, migration, negative regulation of apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The obtained results broaden our knowledge on the role of selected proteins in exosome biology, as well as their functional role in the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma. The results may also inspire future studies on the clinical potential of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-664-6462
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Mao R, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhou L, Yan S, Lu S, Shi W, Zhang Y. Identification of Four Biomarkers of Human Skin Aging by Comprehensive Single Cell Transcriptome, Transcriptome, and Proteomics. Front Genet 2022; 13:881051. [PMID: 36081986 PMCID: PMC9445490 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.881051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is characterized by the gradual loss of physiological integrity, resulting in impaired function and easier death. This deterioration is a major risk factor for major human pathological diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. It is very important to find biomarkers that can prevent aging.Methods: Q-Exactive-MS was used for proteomic detection of young and senescence fibroblast. The key senescence-related molecules (SRMs) were identified by integrating transcriptome and proteomics from aging tissue/cells, and the correlation between these differentially expressed genes and well-known aging-related pathways. Next, we validated the expression of these molecules using qPCR, and explored the correlation between them and immune infiltrating cells. Finally, the enriched pathways of the genes significantly related to the four differential genes were identified using the single cell transcriptome.Results: we first combined proteomics and transcriptome to identified four SRMs. Data sets including GSE63577, GSE64553, GSE18876, GSE85358, and qPCR confirmed that ETF1, PLBD2, ASAH1, and MOXD1 were identified as SRMs. Then the correlation between SRMs and aging-related pathways was excavated and verified. Next, we verified the expression of SRMs at the tissue level and qPCR, and explored the correlation between them and immune infiltrating cells. Finally, at the single-cell transcriptome level, we verified their expression and explored the possible pathway by which they lead to aging. Briefly, ETF1 may affect the changes of inflammatory factors such as IL-17, IL-6, and NFKB1 by indirectly regulating the enrichment and differentiation of immune cells. MOXD1 may regulate senescence by affecting the WNT pathway and changing the cell cycle. ASAH1 may affect development and regulate the phenotype of aging by affecting cell cycle-related genes.Conclusion: In general, based on the analysis of proteomics and transcriptome, we identified four SRMs that may affect aging and speculated their possible mechanisms, which provides a new target for preventing aging, especially skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiya Zhang, ; Wei Shi,
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yiya Zhang, ; Wei Shi,
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Del Bufalo D, Di Martile M, Valentini E, Manni I, Masi I, D'Amore A, Filippini A, Nicoletti C, Zaccarini M, Cota C, Castro MV, Quezada MJ, Rosanò L, Lopez-Bergami P, D'Aguanno S. Bcl-2-like protein-10 increases aggressive features of melanoma cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:11-26. [PMID: 36046354 PMCID: PMC9400776 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-like protein-10 (Bcl2L10) is the less studied
member of Bcl-2 family proteins, with the controversial role in different
cancer histotypes. Very recently, Bcl2L10 expression in melanoma tumor
specimens and its role in melanoma response to therapy have been
demonstrated. Here, the involvement of Bcl2L10 on the in
vitro and in vivo properties associated with
melanoma aggressive features has been investigated. Methods: Endogenous Bcl2L10 protein expression was detected by western blotting
analysis in a panel of patient-derived and commercially available human
melanoma cells. In vitro assays to evaluate clonogenicity,
cell proliferation, cell migration, cell invasion, and in
vitro capillary-like structure formation [vasculogenic
mimicry (VM)] have been performed by using human melanoma cells
stably overexpressing Bcl2L10 or transiently transfected for loss/gain
function of Bcl2L10, grown under two- or three-dimensional (3D) conditions
Xenograft melanoma model was employed to evaluate in vivo
tumor growth and angiogenesis. Results: Results demonstrated that Bcl2L10 acts as an inducer of in
vitro cell migration, invasion, and VM, while in
vitro cell proliferation, in vivo tumor
growth, as well as colony formation properties were not affected. Dissecting
different signaling pathways, it was found that Bcl2L10 positively affects
the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the
expression of markers of cell invasion, such as urokinase plasminogen
activator receptor (uPAR) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Of note,
Bcl2L10-dependent in vitro migration, invasion, and VM are
linked to uPAR. Bcl2L10 also negatively regulates the intracellular calcium
level. Finally, reduced invasion capability in 3D spheroid invasion assay of
melanoma cells transiently overexpressing Bcl2L10 was observed after
treatment with inhibitors of MMPs and uPAR. Conclusions: Overall, data reported in this paper provide evidence supporting a positive
role of Bcl2L10 in melanoma aggressive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Masi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Amore
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Dermatological Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Dermatological Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Castro
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Quezada
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BCK, Argentina
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
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Xiao C, Lv C, Sun S, Zhao H, Ling H, Li M, Qin Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Yang X. TSP1 is the essential domain of SEMA5A involved in pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5833-5842. [PMID: 33616619 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the effect of semaphorin5A (SEMA5A) on RA pathogenesis and its specific TSP1 domain on pannus formation. METHODS The expression of SEMA5A was detected in the synovium, the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and the SF of RA patients and healthy controls (HCs) by real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR), immunohistochemistry staining, western blot and ELISA. SEMA5A-mAb intervention was performed to appraise the severity of joints in the CIA model. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in SEMA5A-transfected FLSs from HCs were performed to screen differentially expressed genes after SEMA5A overexpression. An MTT assay in RA-FLSs, a chicken embryo allantoic membrane experiment and a tube formation experiment were used to clarify the influence of SEMA5A on cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, a rescue experiment verified the function of the TSP1 domain of SEMA5A in the progress of RA with Sema5a-/- CIA mice. RESULTS The expression of SEMA5A increased in RA compared with that in HCs. Simultaneously, SEMA5A-mAbs significantly attenuated joint injury and the inflammatory response in CIA models. In addition, transcriptome sequencing and angiogenesis-related experiments verified the ability of SEMA5A to promote FLS proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, TSP1 was proved to be an essential domain in SEMA5A-induced angiogenesis in vitro. Additionally, rescue of TSP1-deleted SEMA5A failed to reduce the severity of arthritis in a CIA model constructed with Sema5a -/- mice. CONCLUSION In summary, upregulation of SEMA5A was first confirmed in pathological lesions of RA patients. Furthermore, treatment with SEMA5A-mAbs attenuated the progress of RA in the CIA model. Moreover, TSP1 was indicated as the key domain of SEMA5A in the promotion of pannus formation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chipeng Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Hanzhi Ling
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Man Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Is miRNA Regulation the Key to Controlling Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Evolution? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121929. [PMID: 34946878 PMCID: PMC8701953 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer. It has a number of subtypes, which include basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules, capable of regulating gene expression at a post transcriptional level. They play a pivotal role in a variety of physiologic cellular functions and pathologies, including malignant diseases. The development of miRNAs represents an important study field, which has been extensively exploited in melanoma for almost a decade with promising results, therefore we consider it a stepstone for further research projects also in non-melanoma skin cancers. The aim of our study was to explore the current literature in order to present the role of the different miRNAs in some of the most frequent types of NMSC pertaining to oncogenesis, evolution and therapy. The most relevant and accurate available data from the literature were evaluated. Our study concluded that there are almost 100 miRNAs which can be upregulated or downregulated and can play a role in oncogenesis. They can be easily identified in circulation, are stable and they can be important diagnosis/prognosis and therapy monitoring markers.
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Antitumor effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its main component terpinen-4-ol in combination with target therapy in melanoma models. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:127. [PMID: 34059622 PMCID: PMC8165351 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been recently emerging for their promising biological activities in preventing tumorigenesis or progression of different tumor histotypes, including melanoma. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a panel of EOs in different tumor models. The ability of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and its main component, terpinen-4-ol, to sensitize the target therapy currently used for melanoma treatment was also assessed. Our results demonstrated that EOs differently affect the viability of human cancer cells and led us to select six EOs effective in melanoma and lung cancer cells, without toxic effects in human fibroblasts. When combined with dabrafenib and/or trametinib, Melaleuca alternifolia synergistically reduced the viability of melanoma cells by activating apoptosis. Through machine learning classification modeling, α-terpineol, tepinolene, and terpinen-4-ol, three components of Melaleuca alternifolia, were identified as the most likely relevant components responsible for the EO's antitumor effect. Among them, terpinen-4-ol was recognized as the Melaleuca alternifolia component responsible for its antitumor and proapoptotic activity. Overall, our study holds promise for further analysis of EOs as new anticancer agents and supports the rationale for their use to improve target therapy response in melanoma.
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Valentini E, Di Martile M, Del Bufalo D, D'Aguanno S. SEMAPHORINS and their receptors: focus on the crosstalk between melanoma and hypoxia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:131. [PMID: 33858502 PMCID: PMC8050914 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deprivation, is considered a hallmark of tumor microenvironment regulating several pathways and promoting cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Semaphorins, a family of about 20 secreted, transmembrane and GPI-linked glycoproteins, and their cognate receptors (plexins and neuropilins) play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Many studies reported that some semaphorins are involved in the development of a permissive tumor niche, guiding cell-cell communication and, consequently, the development and progression, as well as the response to therapy, of different cancer histotypes, including melanoma. In this review we will summarize the state of art of semaphorins regulation by hypoxic condition in cancer with different origin. We will also describe evidence about the ability of semaphorins to affect the expression and activity of transcription factors activated by hypoxia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Finally, we will focus our attention on findings reporting the role of semaphorins in melanocytes transformation, melanoma progression and response to therapy. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms through which semaphorins induce their effect and to shed light on the possibility to use semaphorins or their cognate receptors as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets in melanoma or other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
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10
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Di Martile M, Farini V, Consonni FM, Trisciuoglio D, Desideri M, Valentini E, D'Aguanno S, Tupone MG, Buglioni S, Ercolani C, Gallo E, Amadio B, Terrenato I, Foddai ML, Sica A, Del Bufalo D. Melanoma-specific bcl-2 promotes a protumoral M2-like phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000489. [PMID: 32269145 PMCID: PMC7254128 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A bidirectional crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and response to therapy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that bcl-2 affects melanoma progression and regulates the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bcl-2 expression in melanoma cells could influence tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages, a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment that affects anticancer immunity favoring tumor progression. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells, monocyte-derived macrophages and melanoma cells expressing different levels of bcl-2 protein were used. ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to evaluate transcription factor recruitment at specific promoters. Boyden chamber was used for migration experiments. Cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate infiltrating macrophages and T cells in melanoma specimens from patients or mice. Results Higher production of tumor-promoting and chemotactic factors, and M2-polarized activation was observed when macrophages were exposed to culture media from melanoma cells overexpressing bcl-2, while bcl-2 silencing in melanoma cells inhibited the M2 macrophage polarization. In agreement, the number of melanoma-infiltrating macrophages in vivo was increased, in parallel with a greater expression of bcl-2 in tumor cells. Tumor-derived interleukin-1β has been identified as the effector cytokine of bcl-2-dependent macrophage reprogramming, according to reduced tumor growth, decreased number of M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages and increased number of infiltrating CD4+IFNγ+ and CD8+IFNγ+ effector T lymphocytes, which we observed in response to in vivo treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist kineret. Finally, in tumor specimens from patients with melanoma, high bcl-2 expression correlated with increased infiltration of M2-polarized CD163+ macrophages, hence supporting the clinical relevance of the crosstalk between tumor cells and microenvironment. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that melanoma-specific bcl-2 controls an IL-1β-driven axis of macrophage diversion that establishes tumor microenvironmental conditions favoring melanoma development. Interfering with this pathway might provide novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Farini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tupone
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Amadio
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatic Unit-Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Foddai
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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11
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The Expression of IL-17, in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Is Linked to Semaphorin5A. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030373. [PMID: 33801296 PMCID: PMC7998863 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), an autoimmune disorder, show increased skin expression of IL-17A and can benefit from treatment with the anti-IL-17A biologic secukinumab. The mechanisms that drive IL-17A expression in CSU are currently unknown, but may involve Semaphorin5A (Sema5A). Objective: To explore the expression, role, and effects of Sema5A in CSU and its link to IL-17A. Material and Methods: We investigated patients with CSU and healthy controls for skin expression of expressing peripheral T cells. Results: Sema5A was highly expressed in the skin of CSU patients as compared to healthy control skin. Both CD4+ T cells and mast cells in CSU skin expressed Sema5A, and many of them expressed both Sema5A and IL-17A. Patients with CSU had significantly higher rates of IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells as compared to healthy controls. Incubation with Sema5A increased the rates of IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells in healthy controls to CSU levels. Conclusion: Sema5A may drive the expression and effects of IL-17A in CSU. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm the role of Sema5A in the pathogenesis of CSU and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
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12
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Trisciuoglio D, Del Bufalo D. New insights into the roles of antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family in melanoma progression and therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1126-1135. [PMID: 33545382 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prosurvival and antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are often overexpressed in cutaneous melanoma, one of the most aggressive types of human cancer. They are also implicated in resistance to therapy and participate in melanoma progression by regulating various processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to prosurvival members of the Bcl-2 family beyond their canonical functions in the apoptotic pathway, mainly focusing on their potential roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. We also provide an overview of different approaches used to inhibit Bcl-2 proteins in preclinical and clinical studies, which are mainly based on the inhibition of protein expression or the disruption of their antiapoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy; Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Triple negative breast cancer in the era of miRNA. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103196. [PMID: 33307198 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to elucidate the role of miRNAs in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To achieve our goal, we searched databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science and Scopus. We retrieved up to 1233 articles, based a rigorous selection criterion, only 197 articles were extensively reviewed. We selected articles only addressing TNBC, but not other types of breast cancer, with the employed approach being miRNA analysis and/or profiling. Our extensive review resulted in grouping of miRNAs into categories in which specific members of miRNAs have roles in specific mechanism in TNBC i.e., carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. TNBC is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer; therefore, different approaches for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment are needed. In this review we summarize the up-to-date miRNA profiling, prognostic, and therapeutic findings that add to the route of controlling TNBC.
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14
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Semaphorin-5A downregulation is associated with enhanced migration and invasion of BRAF-positive melanoma cells under vemurafenib treatment in melanomas with heterogeneous BRAF status. Melanoma Res 2020; 29:544-548. [PMID: 31116162 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity affects the efficacy of anticancer treatment as tumor subclones with distinct molecular patterns may be present within one tumor, leading to differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, six melanoma tissue fragments were obtained from different parts of tumor of four patients and then the effect of vemurafenib treatment on biological characteristics and molecular processes of cell cultures was estimated by using MTT-test, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays, PCR real time. There was different BRAF status determined between cells derived from the central and peripheral regions of primary melanoma tumors. BRAF-positive melanoma cells showed an increased apoptotic rate under vemurafenib treatment, as well as increased migration and invasion rates, whereas BRAF-negative melanoma cells did not exhibit such tendency. Furthermore, semaphorin-5A levels were diminished in BRAF-positive cells, but not in BRAF-negative ones, which could be related to increased migration and invasion. Melanoma cells derived from different regions of the same tumor may differ by mutations status, molecular processes and biological response to target therapy. The downregulation of semaphorin-5A may be involved in divergent effects of anticancer agents on tumor cell biology.
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15
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D’Aguanno S, Del Bufalo D. Inhibition of Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Current Overview in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051287. [PMID: 32455818 PMCID: PMC7291206 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between pro-death and pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins is responsible for a cell’s fate. Due to the recognized relevance of this family in cancer progression and response to therapy, different efforts have made in recent years in order to develop small molecules able to target anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. The limitations of the first Bcl-2 family targeted drugs, regarding on-target and off-target toxicities, have been overcome with the development of venetoclax (ABT-199), the first BH3 mimetic inhibitor approved by the FDA. The purpose of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art in the development of drugs targeting Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins and to highlight the potential of their application as single agents or in combination for improving anti-cancer therapy, focusing in particular on solid tumors.
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16
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Strobl J, Pandey RV, Krausgruber T, Kleissl L, Reininger B, Herac M, Bayer N, Krall C, Wohlfarth P, Mitterbauer M, Kalhs P, Rabitsch W, Bock C, Hopfinger G, Stary G. Anti-Apoptotic Molecule BCL2 Is a Therapeutic Target in Steroid-Refractory Graft-Versus-Host Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2188-2198. [PMID: 32247860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and primarily affects barrier organs such as the skin. One-third of cases are refractory to steroid treatment resulting in poor outcomes and the need for novel therapies. Longitudinal analysis of T-cell transcriptomes in patients before the appearance of GVHD symptoms revealed the upregulation of anti-apoptotic regulator B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) at GVHD initiation. To determine the potential of BCL2 inhibition in active GVHD, we analyzed tissues of 88 patients with acute or chronic GVHD. BCL2 RNA was elevated in multiple organs affected by GVHD and expression correlated with transplant-related mortality and steroid-refractory GVHD. BCL2-expressing lymphocytes were present in skin lesions and peripheral blood of patients with acute and chronic GVHD. Inhibition of BCL2 increased the CD4 to CD8 ratio in allogeneic T cells in vitro and induced apoptosis of T cells from patients with steroid-pretreated chronic GVHD ex vivo. In addition, the higher ratio of regulatory to nonregulatory T cells upon blockage of BCL2 could add to the anti-inflammatory effect of BCL2 blockage. Collectively, our results highlight BCL2 as an important factor for GVHD development and introduce BCL2 inhibition as previously unreported and urgently needed targeted therapy in the treatment of steroid-refractory GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kleissl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bärbel Reininger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Herac
- Clinical Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Bayer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Krall
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Wohlfarth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Mitterbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kalhs
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Rabitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Hopfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Cretoiu SM, Zurac S. miRNAs in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Skin Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:71. [PMID: 32185171 PMCID: PMC7058916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is, at present, the most common type of malignancy in the Caucasian population. Its incidence has increased rapidly in the last decade for both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported for a variety of different cancers, including skin cancers. Since miRNAs’ discovery as regulators of gene expression, their importance grew in the field of oncology. miRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, tumor initiation, development progression, and aggressiveness. Nowadays, these short regulatory RNAs are perceived as one of the epigenetic markers for the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic molecular markers. Moreover, as miRNAs can drive tumorigenesis, they might eventually represent new therapy targets. Some miRNAs are pleiotropic, such as miR-214, which was found deregulated in several other tumors besides skin cancers. Some others are specific for one or more skin cancer types, like miR-21 and miR-221 for cutaneous melanoma and cutaneous squamous carcinoma or miR-155 for melanoma and cutaneous lymphoma. The goal of this review was to summarize some of the main miRNA detection technologies that are used to evaluate miRNAs in tissues and body fluids. Furthermore, their quantification limits, conformity, and robustness are discussed. Aberrant miRNA expression is analyzed for cutaneous melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), skin lymphomas, cutaneous lymphoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In this type of disease, miRNAs are described as potential biomarkers to diagnose early lesion and/or early metastatic disease. In the future, whether in tissue or circulating in body fluids, miRNAs will gain their place in skin cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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18
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microRNA-378a-5p iS a novel positive regulator of melanoma progression. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:22. [PMID: 32060259 PMCID: PMC7021836 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the expression levels of miR-378a-5p both in a large melanoma patient cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and in melanoma patients from our Institute, we found that miR-378a-5p is upregulated in metastatic melanoma specimens. miR-378a-5p expression was also increased in melanoma cells resistant to target therapy, and decreased in response to drug treatment. We also demonstrated that overexpression of miR-378a-5p enhances in vitro cell invasion and migration, and facilitates the ability of melanoma cells to form de novo vasculogenic structures. While performing downstream targeting studies, we confirmed the ability of miR-378a-5p to modulate the expression of known target genes, such as SUFU, FUS-1, and KLF9. Luciferase-3′UTR experiments also identified STAMBP and HOXD10 as new miR-378a-5p target genes. MMP2 and uPAR, two HOXD10 target genes, were positively regulated by miR-378a-5p. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches inhibiting uPAR expression and activity evidenced that the in vitro tumor-promoting functions of miR-378a-5p, were in part mediated by uPAR. Of note miR-378a-5p was also able to increase VEGF, as well as in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic modulation of Bcl-2 evidenced Bcl-2 ability to regulate miR-378a-5p expression. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that miR-378a-5p acts as an oncogenic microRNA in melanoma.
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