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Leau R, Duplouye P, Huchet V, Nerrière-Daguin V, Martinet B, Néel M, Morin M, Danger R, Braudeau C, Josien R, Blancho G, Haspot F. Correct stimulation of CD28H arms NK cells against tumor cells. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350901. [PMID: 39101623 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Tumor evasion has recently been associated with a novel member of the B7 family, HERV-H LTR-associating 2 (HHLA2), which is mostly overexpressed in PDL-1neg tumors. HHLA2 can either induce a costimulation signal when bound to CD28H or inhibit it by binding to KIR3DL3 on T- and NK cells. Given the broad distribution of CD28H expression on NK cells and its role, we compared two monoclonal antibodies targeting this novel NK-cell engager in this study. We show that targeting CD28H at a specific epitope not only strongly activates Ca2+ flux but also results in NK-cell activation. CD28H-activated NK cells further display increased cytotoxic activity against hematopoietic cell lines and bypass HHLA2 and HLA-E inhibitory signals. Additionally, scRNA-seq analysis of clear cell renal cancer cells revealed that HHLA2+ clear cell renal cancer cell tumors were infiltrated with CD28H+ NK cells, which could be targeted by finely chosen anti-CD28H Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Leau
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Duplouye
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Huchet
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Nerrière-Daguin
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Martinet
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Néel
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Martin Morin
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Braudeau
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Haspot
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
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Hu J, Smith DJ, Wu L. VHL L169P Variant Does Not Alter Cellular Hypoxia Tension in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14075. [PMID: 37762376 PMCID: PMC10530985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current era of tumor genome sequencing, single amino acid missense variants in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene are frequently identified in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Due to the incomplete knowledge of the structural architecture of VHL protein, the functional significance of many missense mutations cannot be assigned. L169P is one such missense mutation identified in the case of aggressive, metastatic ccRCC. Here, we characterized the biochemical activity, transcriptomic hypoxia signature and biological functions of the L169P variant. Lentiviral vector expressing either wildtype (WT) or L169P VHL were used to transduce two VHL-deficient human ccRCC cell lines, 786-O and RCC4. The stability of the VHL protein and the expression level of VHL, HIF1α and HIF2α were analyzed. The impact of restoring L169P or WT VHL on the hypoxia gene expression program in 786-O cells was assessed by mRNA sequencing (RNAseq) and computed hypoxic scores. The impact of restoring VHL expression on the growth of ccRCC models was assessed in cell cultures and in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenografts. In the 786-O cells, the protein stability of L169P VHL was comparable to WT VHL. No obvious difference in the capability of degrading HIF1α and HIF2α was observed between WT and L169P VHL in the 786-O or RCC4 cells. The hypoxic scores were not significantly different in the 786-O cells expressing either wildtype or L169P VHL. From the cellular function perspective, both WT and L169P VHL slowed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The L169P VHL variant is comparable to WT VHL in terms of protein stability, ability to degrade HIF1α factors and ability to regulate hypoxia gene expression, as well as in the suppression of ccRCC tumor cell growth. Taken together, our data indicate that the L169P VHL variant alone is unlikely to drive the oncogenesis of sporadic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Desmond J. Smith
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lily Wu
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Patients deriving long-term benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate conserved patterns of site-specific mutations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11490. [PMID: 35798829 PMCID: PMC9263148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy and are now the preferred treatment for several tumor types. Though ICIs have shown remarkable efficacy in several cancer histologies, in many cases providing long-term disease control, not all patients will derive clinical benefit from such approaches. Given the lack of a reliable predictive biomarker for therapeutic responses to ICIs, we conducted a retrospective analysis of publicly available genomic data from a large pan-cancer cohort of patients receiving ICI-based immunotherapy. Consistent with previous results, patients in the combined cohort deriving a long-term survival benefit from ICIs were more likely to have a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB). However, this was not uniform across tumor-types, failing to predict for long-term survivorship in most non-melanoma cancers. Interestingly, long-term survivors in most cancers had conserved patterns of mutations affecting several genes. In melanoma, this included mutations affecting TET1 or PTPRD. In patients with colorectal cancer, mutations affecting TET1, RNF43, NCOA3, LATS1, NOTCH3, or CREBBP were also associated with improved prognosis, as were mutations affecting PTPRD, EPHA7, NTRK3, or ZFHX3 in non-small cell lung cancer, RNF43, LATS1, or CREBBP mutations in bladder cancer, and VHL mutations in renal cell carcinoma patients. Thus, this study identified several genes that may have utility as predictive biomarkers for therapeutic responses in patients receiving ICIs. As many have no known relationship to immunotherapy or ICIs, these genes warrant continued exploration, particularly for cancers in which established biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression or TMB have little predictive value.
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4
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Seliger B, Massa C. Modulation of Lymphocyte Functions in the Microenvironment by Tumor Oncogenic Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883639. [PMID: 35663987 PMCID: PMC9160824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the broad application of different immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of solid as well as hematopoietic cancers, the efficacy of these therapies is still limited, with only a minority of patients having a long-term benefit resulting in an improved survival rate. In order to increase the response rates of patients to the currently available immunotherapies, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the intrinsic and/or extrinsic resistance to treatment is required. There exist increasing evidences that activation of different oncogenic pathways as well as inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in tumor cells inhibit the immune cell recognition and influegnce the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus leading to an impaired anti-tumoral immune response. A deeper understanding of the link between the tumor milieu and genomic alterations of TSGs and oncogenes is indispensable for the optimization of immunotherapies and to predict the patients’ response to these treatments. This review summarizes the role of different cancer-related, oncogene- and TSG-controlled pathways in the context of anti-tumoral immunity and response to different immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Albiges L, Schmidinger M, Taguieva-Pioger N, Perol D, Grünwald V, Guemas E. CaboPoint: a phase II study of cabozantinib as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2022; 18:915-926. [PMID: 34911359 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, including AXL, MET and VEGF receptors. Here, we describe the rationale and design for the phase II CaboPoint trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03945773), which will evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib as a second-line treatment in patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma whose disease has progressed despite checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Patients will be recruited into two cohorts: prior ipilimumab plus nivolumab (cohort A) or prior checkpoint inhibitor-VEGF-targeted therapy (cohort B). All patients will receive once-daily oral cabozantinib 60 mg for up to 18 months. The primary end point is objective response rate. Secondary end points include overall survival, progression-free survival and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Albiges
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Manuela Schmidinger
- Department of Medicine I, Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - David Perol
- Department of Clinical Research, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Viktor Grünwald
- Essen University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, Clinic for Medical Oncology & Clinic for Urology, Essen 45147, Germany
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ZNF652-Induced circRHOT1 Promotes SMAD5 Expression to Modulate Tumorigenic Properties and Nature Killer Cell-Mediated Toxicity in Bladder Cancer via Targeting miR-3666. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:7608178. [PMID: 34926705 PMCID: PMC8677391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7608178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 9th most frequent diagnosed tumor and the 2nd most common urology tumor worldwide. Despite the considerable advancement that BC treatment has made recently, the five-year survival rate of BC remains unsatisfactory. Novel therapeutic strategies for BC clinical intervention are therefore urgently needed now more than ever. circRHOT1 is a newly identified circRNA that plays a crucial role in multiple types of tumorigeneses. However, it remains unclear whether circRHOT1 plays a functional role in BC progression. Our findings suggest that circRHOT1 was highly expressed in BC tumor tissues and cell lines. The results from CCK-8, EDU, Transwell migration, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity detection assays suggested that circRHOT1 knockdown could markedly suppress BC cell proliferation and migration level and could aggravate the sensitivity of BC cells to NK cells. Subsequently, we conducted bioinformatics analysis followed by RNA pull-down, ChIP, and luciferase reporter assays, from which we found that circRHOT1 expression in BC cells could be regulated by ZNF652, and circRHOT1 could promote SMAD5 expression to regulate BC cell cellular progression by sponging miR-3666. These results may provide a new direction for developing novel diagnostic or therapeutic targets for BC.
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Ding L, Yang Y, Ge Y, Lu Q, Yan Z, Chen X, Du J, Hafizi S, Xu X, Yao J, Liu J, Cao Z, Weygant N. Inhibition of DCLK1 with DCLK1-IN-1 Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Invasion and Stemness and Promotes Cytotoxic T-Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225729. [PMID: 34830884 PMCID: PMC8616267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we found that the novel small molecule kinase inhibitor DCLK1-IN-1 not only inhibited DCLK1 phosphorylation, stemness, and EMT-related properties of RCC cells but also revealed its potential as an immunotherapy agent and potential combination therapy with anti-PD1 against RCC in immune co-culture experiments. Abstract The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors has expanded treatment options for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but new therapies that target RCC stemness and promote anti-tumor immunity are needed. Previous findings demonstrate that doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) regulates stemness and is associated with RCC disease progression. Herein, we demonstrate that small-molecule kinase inhibitor DCLK1-IN-1 strongly inhibits DCLK1 phosphorylation and downregulates pluripotency factors and cancer stem cell (CSC) or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers including c-MET, c-MYC, and N-Cadherin in RCC cell lines. Functionally, DCLK1-IN-1 treatment resulted in significantly reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, assays using floating or Matrigel spheroid protocols demonstrated potent inhibition of stemness. An analysis of clinical populations showed that DCLK1 predicts RCC survival and that its expression is correlated with reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and increases in M2 immunosuppressive macrophage populations. The treatment of RCC cells with DCLK1-IN-1 significantly reduced the expression of immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1, and co-culture assays using peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) or T-cell expanded PBMCs demonstrated a significant increase in immune-mediated cytotoxicity alone or in combination with anti-PD1 therapy. Together, these findings demonstrate broad susceptibility to DCLK1 kinase inhibition in RCC using DCLK1-IN-1 and provide the first direct evidence for DCLK1-IN-1 as an immuno-oncology agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China; (Y.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zixing Yan
- Affiliated Fuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China;
| | - Xuzheng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215400, China;
| | - Jiannan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China; (Y.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing 100020, China; (Y.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhiyun Cao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China; (L.D.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (J.D.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (N.W.)
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8
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Lin E, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Xie L, Tian K, Liu J, Yu Y. Roles of the Dynamic Tumor Immune Microenvironment in the Individualized Treatment of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653358. [PMID: 33746989 PMCID: PMC7970116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently a first-line treatment option for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, recent clinical studies have shown that a large number of patients do not respond to ICIs. Moreover, only a few patients achieve a stable and durable response even with combination therapy based on ICIs. Available studies have concluded that the response to immunotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with ccRCC is affected by the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which can be manipulated by targeted therapy and tumor genomic characteristics. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the dynamic nature of the TIME is important for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy or combination therapy in patients with advanced ccRCC. Here, we explore the possible mechanisms by which the TIME affects the efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as the factors that drive dynamic changes in the TIME in ccRCC, including the immunomodulatory effect of targeted therapy and genomic changes. We also describe the progress on novel therapeutic modalities for advanced ccRCC based on the TIME. Overall, this review provides valuable information on the optimization of combination therapy and development of individualized therapy for advanced ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Progression-Free Survival
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Lin
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuechao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Tian
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Celebi G, Kesim H, Ozer E, Kutlu O. The Effect of Dysfunctional Ubiquitin Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of Most Common Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176335. [PMID: 32882786 PMCID: PMC7503467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a multi-step enzymatic process that involves the marking of a substrate protein by bonding a ubiquitin and protein for proteolytic degradation mainly via the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The process is regulated by three main types of enzymes, namely ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin ligases (E3). Under physiological conditions, ubiquitination is highly reversible reaction, and deubiquitinases or deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can reverse the effect of E3 ligases by the removal of ubiquitin from substrate proteins, thus maintaining the protein quality control and homeostasis in the cell. The dysfunction or dysregulation of these multi-step reactions is closely related to pathogenic conditions; therefore, understanding the role of ubiquitination in diseases is highly valuable for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we first provide an overview of the molecular mechanism of ubiquitination and UPS; then, we attempt to summarize the most common diseases affecting the dysfunction or dysregulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Hale Kesim
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ebru Ozer
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-483-9000 (ext. 2413)
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10
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Díaz-Montero CM, Rini BI, Finke JH. The immunology of renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:721-735. [PMID: 32733094 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and comprises several subtypes with unique characteristics. The most common subtype (~70% of cases) is clear-cell RCC. RCC is considered to be an immunogenic tumour but is known to mediate immune dysfunction in large part by eliciting the infiltration of immune-inhibitory cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, into the tumour microenvironment. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain how these multiple tumour-infiltrating cell types block the development of an effective anti-tumour immune response, including inhibition of the activity of effector T cells and of antigen presenting cells via upregulation of suppressive factors such as checkpoint molecules. Targeting immune suppression using checkpoint inhibition has resulted in clinical responses in some patients with RCC and combinatorial approaches involving checkpoint blockade are now standard of care in patients with advanced RCC. However, a substantial proportion of patients do not benefit from checkpoint blockade. The identification of reliable biomarkers of response to checkpoint blockade is crucial to facilitate improvements in the clinical efficacy of these therapies. In addition, there is a need for the development of other immune-based strategies that address the shortcomings of checkpoint blockade, such as adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marcela Díaz-Montero
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Brian I Rini
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James H Finke
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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11
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Terrén I, Orrantia A, Mikelez-Alonso I, Vitallé J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Borrego F. NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020316. [PMID: 32013092 PMCID: PMC7072691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are able to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization. It has been shown that NK cells play a pivotal role in a variety of cancers, highlighting their relevance in tumor immunosurveillance. NK cell infiltration has been reported in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most frequent kidney cancer in adults, and their presence has been associated with patients’ survival. However, the role of NK cells in this disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the biology of NK cells and the mechanisms through which they are able to recognize and kill tumor cells. Furthermore, we discuss the role that NK cells play in renal cell carcinoma, and review current strategies that are being used to boost and exploit their cytotoxic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Idoia Mikelez-Alonso
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
- CIC biomaGUNE, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (I.T.); (A.O.); (I.M.-A.); (J.V.); (O.Z.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-600-6000 (ext. 7079)
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