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Wang S, He H, Qu L, Shen Q, Dai Y. Dual roles of inflammatory programmed cell death in cancer: insights into pyroptosis and necroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446486. [PMID: 39257400 PMCID: PMC11384570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for cellular homeostasis and defense against infections, with inflammatory forms like pyroptosis and necroptosis playing significant roles in cancer. Pyroptosis, mediated by caspases and gasdermin proteins, leads to cell lysis and inflammatory cytokine release. It has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where it can either suppress tumor growth or promote tumor progression through chronic inflammation. Necroptosis, involving RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, serves as a backup mechanism when apoptosis is inhibited. In cancer, necroptosis can enhance immune responses or contribute to tumor progression. Both pathways have dual roles in cancer, acting as tumor suppressors or promoting a pro-tumorigenic environment depending on the context. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and necroptosis, their roles in different cancers, and their potential as therapeutic targets. Understanding the context-dependent effects of these pathways is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Qianhe Shen
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yihang Dai
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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2
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Tian X, Chen Y, Peng Z, Lin Q, Sun A. NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases: promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115641. [PMID: 37307883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase family plays a pivotal oncogenic role in a variety of malignancies via mediating ubiquitin dependent degradation processes. Moreover, aberrant expression of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases is often indicative of cancer progression and correlated with poor prognosis. In this review, we are going to address association of expression of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases with cancers, the signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms by which the NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate oncogenesis and progression, and the therapies targeting the NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases. This review provides the systematic and comprehensive summary of the latest research status of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the NEDD4 subfamily, and proposes that NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligases are promising anti-cancer drug targets, aiming to provide research direction for clinical targeting of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Tian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ziluo Peng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Aiqin Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, China.
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3
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Liu HT, Chen SY, Peng LL, Zhong L, Zhou L, Liao SQ, Chen ZJ, Wang QL, He S, Zhou ZH. Spatially resolved transcriptomics revealed local invasion-related genes in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1089090. [PMID: 36816947 PMCID: PMC9928961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1089090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Local invasion is the first step of metastasis, the main cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related death. Recent studies have revealed extensive intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we focused on revealing local invasion-related genes in CRC. Methods We used spatial transcriptomic techniques to study the process of local invasion in four CRC tissues. First, we compared the pre-cancerous, cancer center, and invasive margin in one section (S115) and used pseudo-time analysis to reveal the differentiation trajectories from cancer center to invasive margin. Next, we performed immunohistochemical staining for RPL5, STC1, AKR1B1, CD47, and HLA-A on CRC samples. Moreover, we knocked down AKR1B1 in CRC cell lines and performed CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Results We demonstrated that 13 genes were overexpressed in invasive clusters, among which the expression of CSTB and TM4SF1 was correlated with poor PFS in CRC patients. The ribosome pathway was increased, while the antigen processing and presentation pathway was decreased along CRC progression. RPL5 was upregulated, while HLA-A was downregulated along cancer invasion in CRC samples. Pseudo-time analysis revealed that STC1, AKR1B1, SIRPA, C4orf3, EDNRA, CES1, PRRX1, EMP1, PPIB, PLTP, SULF2, and EGFL6 were unpregulated along the trajectories. Immunohistochemic3al staining showed the expression of STC1, AKR1B1, and CD47 was increased along cancer invasion in CRC samples. Knockdown of AKR1B1 inhibited CRC cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusions We revealed the spatial heterogeneity within CRC tissues and uncovered some novel genes that were associated with CRC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Long Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Qi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ji Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Hang Zhou, ; Song He,
| | - Zhi-Hang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Hang Zhou, ; Song He,
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PRLR and CACNA2D1 Impact the Prognosis of Breast Cancer by Regulating Tumor Immunity. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122086. [PMID: 36556307 PMCID: PMC9781148 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the highly susceptible genes to breast cancer (BC); however, the role of PTEN-related RNAs in BC remains poorly understood. Understanding the effect of PTEN-related RNAs and their mechanisms may be helpful to clinicians. We screened the differentially expressed RNAs (deRNAs) related to PTEN and established the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by integrating several databases. After that, the RNA model, prolactin receptor (PRLR)/calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1 (CACNA2D1), was obtained by KM survival analysis and logistic regression analysis. Finally, mutation, methylation, functional enrichment, and immune correlation were analyzed to explore the roles of these RNAs. Our results showed that PRLR might be harmful to BC, while CACNA2D1 might be beneficial to BC. Furthermore, the abnormal expression of PRLR in BC might result from mutation and hypomethylation, while the aberrant expression of CACNA2D1 might be ascribed to methylation. Mechanistically, PRLR might affect the prognosis of BC by inhibiting the expression of immune checkpoints, while CACNA2D1 might improve the prognosis of BC by increasing the immune cells infiltrating into BC and up-regulating the expression of immune checkpoints. The abnormal expression of PRLR and CACNA2D1 in BC is closely related to the prognosis of BC, and they may serve as targets for the treatment of BC.
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Li D, Guan M, Cao X, Zha ZQ, Zhang P, Xiang H, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Xu Z, Lu L, Liu G. GFPT1 promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer via regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:969-979. [PMID: 36040914 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer demonstrates the fourth incidence and death rate in females worldwide. Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1), the first rate-limited enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, has been reported to promote the progression of cancers. However, the prognostic value and roles of GFPT1 in cervical cancer are largely unknown. Transcription expression data for cervical cancer were downloaded from public databases. GFPT1 overexpressed and knockdown cell lines were constructed. Colony formation assays, Edu assays and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to measure the proliferation capabilities of cervical cancer cells. Western blot, Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the interaction between GFPT1and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Animal assays were applied to verify the results in vivo. GFPT1 expression was higher in cervical cancer cell lines. The proliferation capabilities of cervical cancer cells were suppressed in GFPT1 knockdown cells and GFPT1 inhibitor L-DON treated cells. And overexpression of GFPT1 promoted cell proliferation. PTEN was up-regulated in GFPT1 knockdown cells and downregulated in GFPT1 overexpression cells. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation results showed that GFPT1 was co-localized and interacted with PTEN. GFPT1 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN. Silence of PTEN offsets the growth inhibition of cervical cancer caused by GFPT1 knockdown. Animal assays showed that GFPT1 promoted the proliferation of cervical cancer in vivo. Our study revealed that GFPT1 could promote the progression of cervical cancer by regulating PTEN expression. Our study highlights the GFPT1-PTEN regulation as a potential therapy target for cervical cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Mingmei Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Zhi Qiang Zha
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Peiling Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Guolong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
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6
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RNA-binding proteins: Underestimated contributors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:431-444. [PMID: 35124196 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
mRNA export, translation, splicing, cleavage or capping determine mRNA stability, which represents one of the primary aspects regulating gene expression and function. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to their target mRNAs to regulate multiple cell functions by increasing or reducing their stability. In recent decades, studies of the role of RBPs in tumorigenesis have revealed an increasing number of proteins impacting the prognosis, diagnosis and cancer treatment. Several RBPs have been identified based on their interactions with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, which are involved in apoptosis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, metabolism, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs. In this review, we propose a model showing how RBP mutations influence tumorigenesis, and we update the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism by which RBPs regulate cancer. Special attention is being devoted to RBPs that represent prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients.
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7
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Wan H, Feng Y, Wu J, Zhu L, Mi Y. Functions and mechanisms of N6‑methyladenosine in prostate cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:280. [PMID: 35856412 PMCID: PMC9364137 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has long been a major public health problem affecting men worldwide. Even with treatment, it can develop into castration-resistant PCa. With the continuous advancement in epigenetics, researchers have explored N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in search of a more effective and lasting treatment for PCa. m6A is widely distributed in mammalian cells and influences various aspects of mRNA metabolism. Recently, it has been associated with the development or suppression of various types of cancer, including PCa. This review summarizes the recent findings on m6A regulation and its functions and mechanisms in cells, focusing on the various functional proteins operating within m6A in PCa cells. Moreover, the potential clinical value of exploiting m6A modification as an early diagnostic marker in PCa diagnosis and therapeutics was discussed. m6A may also be used as an indicator to evaluate treatment outcome and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Wan
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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8
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Zhao Y, Li J, Chen J, Ye M, Jin X. Functional roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in prostate cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1125-1144. [PMID: 35816219 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the prostate gland with a high male cancer incidence. Numerous studies indicate that abnormal function of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is associated with the progression and metastasis of PCa. E3 ubiquitin ligases, key components of UPS, determine the specificity of substrates, and substantial advances of E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reached recently. Herein, we introduce the structures and functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and summarize the mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases-related PCa signaling pathways. In addition, some progresses in the development of inhibitors targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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9
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Wang K, Liu J, Li YL, Li JP, Zhang R. Ubiquitination/de-ubiquitination: A promising therapeutic target for PTEN reactivation in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Song X, He H, Zhang Y, Fan J, Wang L. Mechanisms of action of triptolide against colorectal cancer: insights from proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3084-3104. [PMID: 35366242 PMCID: PMC9037262 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that also possesses anticancer activity, including against colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most frequent cancers around the world. In order to clarify how triptolide may be effective against CRC, we analyzed the proteome and phosphoproteome of CRC cell line HCT116 after incubation for 48 h with the drug (40 nM) or vehicle. Tandem mass tagging led to the identification of 403 proteins whose levels increased and 559 whose levels decreased in the presence of triptolide. We also identified 3,110 sites in proteins that were phosphorylated at higher levels and 3,161 sites phosphorylated at lower levels in the presence of the drug. Analysis of these differentially expressed and/or phosphorylated proteins showed that they were enriched in pathways involving ribosome biogenesis, PI3K−Akt signaling, MAPK signaling, nucleic acid binding as well as other pathways. Protein–protein interactions were explored using the STRING database, and we identified nine protein modules and 15 hub proteins. Finally, we identified 57 motifs using motif analysis of phosphosites and found 16 motifs were experimentally verified for known protein kinases, while 41 appear to be novel. These findings may help clarify how triptolide works against CRC and may guide the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.,College of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jinke Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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11
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Sun CY, Cao D, Du BB, Chen CW, Liu D. The role of Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) as m 6A readers in cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:2744-2758. [PMID: 35541906 PMCID: PMC9066119 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA can be modified by over 170 types of distinct chemical modifications, and the most abundant internal modification of mRNA in eukaryotes is N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The m6A modification accelerates mRNA process, including mRNA splicing, translation, transcript stability, export and decay. m6A RNA modification is installed by methyltransferase-like proteins (writers), and potentially removed by demethylases (erasers), and this process is recognized by m6A-binding proteins (readers). Notably, alterations of m6A-modified proteins (writers, erasers and readers) are involved in the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis. Importantly, the fate of m6A-methylated mRNA is mediated mostly through m6A readers, and among these readers, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) are unique RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that stabilize their targets mRNA via m6A modification. In this review, we update the writers, erasers and readers, and their cross-talks in m6A modification, and briefly discuss the oncogenic role of IGF2BPs in cancer. Most importantly, we mainly review the up-to-date knowledges of IGF2BPs (IGF2BP1/2/3) as m6A readers in an m6A-modified manner in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Du
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Cun-Wu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
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12
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Zhou X, Ye Q, Zheng J, Kuang L, Zhu J, Yan H. IMP3 promotes re-endothelialization after arterial injury via increasing stability of VEGF mRNAhv. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2023-2037. [PMID: 35315195 PMCID: PMC8980943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMP3, an RNA‐binding protein (RBP) that participates in the process of post‐transcriptional modifications of mRNA transcripts, is capable of altering cellular functions, and in some cases, be involved in specific disease progression. We aimed to investigate whether IMP3 has the ability to regulate the functional properties of endothelial cells and re‐endothelialization in response to arterial injury. Wire injury was introduced to the right carotid arteries of wildtype C57/BL6 mice. As a result, IMPs’ expressions were up‐regulated in the induced arterial lesions, and IMP3 was the most up‐regulated RNA among other IMPs. We overexpressed IMP3 before the wire‐injured surgery using adeno‐associated virus AAV2‐IMP3. In vivo studies confirmed that IMP3 overexpression accelerated the progress of re‐endothelialization after arterial injury. In vitro, endothelial cells were transfected with either ad‐IMP3 or Si‐IMP3, cell functional studies showed that IMP3 could promote endothelial cell proliferation and migration, while reducing apoptosis. Mechanistic studies also revealed that IMP3 could enhance VEGF mRNA stability and therefore up‐regulate activities of VEGF/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Our data indicated that IMP3 promotes re‐endothelialization after arterial injury and regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis via increasing stability of VEGF mRNA and activation of VEGF/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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14
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ESCCAL-1 promotes cell-cycle progression by interacting with and stabilizing galectin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:12. [PMID: 35233069 PMCID: PMC8888636 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play important roles in the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our previous studies have shown that knockdown of LncRNA ESCCAL-1 expression inhibits the growth of ESCC cells, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that over-expression of ESCCAL-1 promotes ESCC cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression by blocking ubiquitin-mediated degradation of an oncoprotein galectin-1 (Gal-1). Multiple LncRNA expression datasets as well as our own data together reveal that ESCCAL-1 is evidently up-regulated in ESCC tissues and exhibits promising diagnostic value. Over-expression of ESCCAL-1 augmented ESCC cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, whereas down-regulation of ESCCAL-1 resulted in the opposite effects. Mechanistically, LncRNA ESCCAL-1 directly binds to Gal-1 and positively regulates its protein level without affecting its mRNA level. Up-regulation of Gal-1 facilitated ESCC cell proliferation and cell-cycle progress. Knockdown of Gal-1 mitigated the effects of ESCCAL-1-mediated high cellular proliferation, NF-κB signaling activation and tumorigenicity of ESCC cells. Thus, our findings provide novel insight into the mechanism by which ESCCAL-1 facilitates ESCC tumorigenesis and cell-cycle progression by interacting with and stabilizing Gal-1 protein, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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15
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Porras-Quesada P, González-Cabezuelo JM, Sánchez-Conde V, Puche-Sanz I, Arenas-Rodríguez V, García-López C, Flores-Martín JF, Molina-Hernández JM, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Martínez-González LJ, Vázquez-Alonso F. Role of IGF2 in the Study of Development and Evolution of Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:740641. [PMID: 35095996 PMCID: PMC8790605 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.740641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PC) is commonly known as one of the most frequent tumors among males. A significant problem of this tumor is that in early stages most of the cases course as indolent forms, so an active surveillance will anticipate the appearance of aggressive stages. One of the main strategies in medical and biomedical research is to find non-invasive biomarkers for improving monitoring and performing a more precise follow-up of diseases like PC. Here we report the relevant role of IGF2 and miR-93-5p as non-invasive biomarker for PC. This event could improve current medical strategies in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Porras-Quesada
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | | | - V Sánchez-Conde
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - I Puche-Sanz
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - V Arenas-Rodríguez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - C García-López
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - M J Álvarez-Cubero
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - L J Martínez-González
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - F Vázquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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16
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Quan Y, Zhang X, Ping H. Construction of a risk prediction model using m6A RNA methylation regulators in prostate cancer: comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and histological validation. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:33. [PMID: 35045837 PMCID: PMC8772220 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic reprogramming reportedly has a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. RNA modification is a hot topic in epigenetics, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) accounts for approximately 60% of RNA chemical modifications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the m6A modification patterns in PCa patients and construct a risk prediction model using m6A RNA regulators. Materials and methods Analyses were based on the levels of 25 m6A regulators in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed gene (DEG) and survival analyses were performed according to TCGA-PRAD clinicopathologic and follow-up information. To detect the influences of m6A regulators and their DEGs, consensus clustering analysis was performed, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) estimation and tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration were assessed. mRNA levels of representative genes were verified using clinical PCa data. Results Diverse expression patterns of m6A regulators between tumor and normal (TN) tissues were detected regarding Gleason score (GS), pathological T stage (pT), TP53 mutation, and survival comparisons, with HNRNPA2B1 and IGFBP3 being intersecting genes. HNRNPA2B1 was upregulated in advanced stages (GS > 7, pT3, HR > 1, and TP53 mutation), as verified using clinical PCa tissue. Three distinct m6A modification patterns were identified through consensus clustering analysis, but no significant difference was found among these groups in recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis. Six DEGs of m6A clusters (m6Aclusters) were screened through univariate Cox regression analysis. MMAB and PAIAP2 were intersecting genes for the five clinical factors. MMAB, which was upregulated in PCa compared with TN, was verified using clinical PCa samples. Three distinct subgroups were established according to the 6 DEGs. Cluster A involved the most advanced stages and had the poorest RFS. The m6A score (m6Ascore) was calculated based on the 6 genes, and the low m6Ascore group showed poor RFS with a negative association with infiltration for 16 of 23 immune-related cells. Conclusion We screened DEGs of m6Aclusters and identified 6 genes (BAIAP2, TEX264, MMAB, JAGN1, TIMM8AP1, and IMP3), with which we constructed a highly predictive model with prognostic value by dividing TCGA-PRAD into three distinct subgroups and performing m6Ascore analysis. This study helps to elucidate the integral effects of m6A modification patterns on PCa progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02438-1.
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Endo I, Amatya VJ, Kushitani K, Kambara T, Nakagiri T, Fujii Y, Takeshima Y. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 Promotes Cell Proliferation of Malignant Mesothelioma Cells by Downregulating p27Kip1. Front Oncol 2022; 11:795467. [PMID: 35127504 PMCID: PMC8807558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.795467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a tumor with a poor prognosis, mainly caused by asbestos exposure and with no adequate treatment yet. To develop future therapeutic targets, we analyzed the microarray dataset GSE 29370 of malignant mesothelioma and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) as one of the significantly upregulated genes in malignant mesothelioma. IGF2BP3 functions as an oncoprotein in many human cancers; however, to our knowledge, this is the first study on the biological function of IGF2BP3 in malignant mesothelioma cells. The knockdown of IGF2BP3 in malignant mesothelioma cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation with an increase in the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, knockdown of IGF2BP3 inhibited cell migration and invasion. We focused on the cell cycle assay to investigate the role of IGF2BP3 in cell proliferation in malignant mesothelioma. Among the various proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, the expression of p27 Kip1 (p27) increased significantly upon IGF2BP3 knockdown. Next, p27 siRNA was added to suppress the increased expression of p27. The results showed that p27 knockdown attenuated the effects of IGF2BP3 knockdown on cell proliferation and G1 phase arrest. In conclusion, we found that IGF2BP3 promotes cell proliferation, a critical step in tumorigenesis, by suppressing the expression of p27 in malignant mesothelioma.
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18
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Qi Y, Tang Y, Yin L, Ding K, Zhao C, Yan W, Yao Y. miR-129-5p restores cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure by targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 and promoting PTEN expression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2371-2386. [PMID: 35034538 PMCID: PMC8974089 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a prevalent health concern with complex pathogenesis. This current study set out to estimate the function of the miR-129-5p/Smurf1/PTEN axis on cardiac function injury in CHF. The model of CHF in rats was established. The cardiac function indexes, myocardial tissue damage, and oxidative stress-related factors in CHF rats were evaluated after the interference of Smurf1/miR-129-5p/PTEN. The targeting relationships between miR-129-5p and Smurf1 and between PTEN and Smurf1 were verified. It was found that that after modeling, cardiac functions were impaired, heart/left ventricular/lung weight and the myocardial structure was destroyed, and the degree of fibrosis of myocardial tissue was increased. After Smurf1 knockdown, the cardiac function, myocardial structure, and oxidative stress were improved, and the fibrosis in myocardial tissue was decreased. Smurf1 was a target of miR-129-5p. miR-129-5p could annul the protective effect of Smurf1 silencing on CHF rats. Smurf1 inhibited PTEN expression by promoting PTEN ubiquitination, while miR-129-5p enhanced PTEN expression by inhibiting Smurf1. Meanwhile, overexpression of PTEN annulled the cardiac dysfunction in CHF rats induced by Smurf1. In conclusion, miR-129-5p targeted Smurf1 and repressed the ubiquitination of PTEN, and promoted PTEN expression, thus improving the cardiac function of CHF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi'an Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Xue C, Li G, Lu J, Li L. Crosstalk between circRNAs and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cancer progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:400. [PMID: 34815385 PMCID: PMC8611092 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed noncoding RNAs, are widely expressed in eukaryotes and viruses. They can function by regulating target gene expression, linear RNA transcription and protein generation. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays key roles in many biological and cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, growth, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. It also plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Emerging data suggest that the circRNA/PI3K/AKT axis modulates the expression of cancer-associated genes and thus regulates tumor progression. Aberrant regulation of the expression of circRNAs in the circRNA/PI3K/AKT axis is significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics and plays an important role in the regulation of biological functions. In this review, we summarized the expression and biological functions of PI3K-AKT-related circRNAs in vitro and in vivo and assessed their associations with clinicopathological characteristics. We also further discussed the important role of circRNAs in the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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20
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Chen Y, Zheng YF, Lin XH, Zhang JP, Lin F, Shi H. Dendrobium mixture attenuates renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:590. [PMID: 34165163 PMCID: PMC8222963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium mixture (DMix) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine widely used for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). Autophagy contributes to DN development and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of DMix on the kidneys of rats with DN and to determine whether this involves autophagy. Herein, a high‑sugar and high‑fat diet, combined with the intra‑abdominal injection of low‑dose streptozocin, was used to induce DN in 40 Sprague‑Dawley male rats. In total, 10 additional rats were used as controls. The rats with DN were then randomly divided into three groups and treated with DMix, gliquidone or saline via gastric administration for 8 weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, kidney index, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, as well as the 24‑h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were measured. H&E, Periodic Acid‑Schiff and Masson staining were used to examine the renal pathology. The mRNA and protein expression levels of LC3 and Beclin‑1 in renal tissues were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Western blotting was conducted to measure the protein expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, Akt, p‑Akt, mTOR, p‑mTOR, LC3 and Beclin‑1 in renal tissues. It was found that DMix significantly reduced the FBG, blood lipids, HbA1c and insulin levels, kidney weight, kidney index and UAER in rats with DN, as well as improved renal function. Rats with DN showed notable glomerular hypertrophy, an increase in mesangial matrix content and renal interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, DMix notably reduced kidney damage. The results demonstrated that DMix inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in the kidney tissues of rats with DN, and increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin‑1. Therefore, it was suggested that DMix has protective effects on the kidney of rats with DN, which may be associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and activation of renal autophagy by this traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hui Lin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ping Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Fan Lin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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21
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Martínez-González LJ, Sánchez-Conde V, González-Cabezuelo JM, Antunez-Rodríguez A, Andrés-León E, Robles-Fernandez I, Lorente JA, Vázquez-Alonso F, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. Identification of MicroRNAs as Viable Aggressiveness Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060646. [PMID: 34198846 PMCID: PMC8227559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs play a relevant role in PC (prostate cancer) by the regulation in the expression of several pathways’ AR (androgen receptor), cellular cycle, apoptosis, MET (mesenchymal epithelium transition), or metastasis. Here, we report the role of several miRNAs’ expression patterns, such as miR-93-5p, miR-23c, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-592, miR-141, miR-375, and miR-130b, with relevance in processes like cell proliferation and MET. Using Trizol® extraction protocol and TaqMan™ specific probes for amplification, we performed miRNAs’ analysis of 159 PC fresh tissues and 60 plasmas from peripheral blood samples. We had clinical data from all samples including PSA, Gleason, TNM, and D’Amico risk. Moreover, a bioinformatic analysis in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) was included to analyze the effect of the most relevant miRNAs according to aggressiveness in an extensive cohort (n = 531). We found that miR-210-3p, miR-23c, miR-592, and miR-93-5p are the most suitable biomarkers for PC aggressiveness and diagnosis, respectively. In fact, according with our results, miR-93-5p seems the most promising non-invasive biomarker for PC. To sum up, miR-210-3p, miR-23c, miR-592, and miR-93-5p miRNAs are suggested to be potential biomarkers for PC risk stratification that could be included in non-invasive strategies such as liquid biopsy in precision medicine for PC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Javier Martínez-González
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: author: (L.J.M.-G.); (M.J.A.-C.); Tel.: +34-958-715-500 (ext. 108) (L.J.M.-G.); +34-958-248-945 (M.J.A.-C.); Fax: +34-958-637-071 (L.J.M.-G.)
| | - Victor Sánchez-Conde
- Urology Department, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-C.); (F.V.-A.)
| | | | - Alba Antunez-Rodríguez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Genomics Unit, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración, 114-18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Andrés-León
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra” (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Robles-Fernandez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (I.R.-F.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (I.R.-F.); (J.A.L.)
- University of Granada, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Vázquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-C.); (F.V.-A.)
| | - María Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, PTS Granada, 114-18016 Granada, Spain; (I.R.-F.); (J.A.L.)
- University of Granada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment Group, Bio-Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: author: (L.J.M.-G.); (M.J.A.-C.); Tel.: +34-958-715-500 (ext. 108) (L.J.M.-G.); +34-958-248-945 (M.J.A.-C.); Fax: +34-958-637-071 (L.J.M.-G.)
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22
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Zhang DD, Shi Y, Liu JB, Yang XL, Xin R, Wang HM, Wang PY, Jia CY, Zhang WJ, Ma YS, Fu D. Construction of a Myc-associated ceRNA network reveals a prognostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:1033-1050. [PMID: 34141458 PMCID: PMC8167205 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains an extremely lethal disease worldwide. High-throughput methods have revealed global transcriptome dysregulation; however, a comprehensive investigation of the complexity and behavioral characteristics of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in HCC is lacking. In this study, we extracted the transcriptome (RNA) sequencing data of 371 HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas platform. With the comparison of the high Myc expression (Mychigh) tumor and low Myc expression (Myclow) tumor groups in HCC, we identified 1,125 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 589 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 93 microRNAs (miRNAs). DE RNAs predicted the interactions necessary to construct an associated Myc ceRNA network, including 19 DE lncRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 72 mRNAs. We identified a significant signature (long intergenic non-protein-coding [LINC] RNA 2691 [LINC02691] and LINC02499) that effectively predicted overall survival and had protective effects. The target genes of microRNA (miR)-212-3p predicted to intersect with DE mRNAs included SEC14-like protein 2 (SEC14L2) and solute carrier family 6 member 1 (SLC6A1), which were strongly correlated with survival and prognosis. With the use of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, we constructed a ceRNA network containing four lncRNAs (LINC02691, LINC02499, LINC01354, and NAV2 antisense RNA 4), one miRNA (miR-212-3p), and two mRNAs (SEC14L2 and SLC6A1). Overall, we successfully constructed a mutually regulated ceRNA network and identified potential precision-targeted therapies and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China.,Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.,The Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, National Center for Liver Cancer, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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23
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Ding X, Xu X, He XF, Yuan Y, Chen C, Shen XY, Su S, Chen Z, Xu ST, Huang YH. Muscleblind-like 1 antisense RNA 1 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of prostate cancer by sponging miR-181a-5p and regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Bioengineered 2021; 12:803-814. [PMID: 33648424 PMCID: PMC8806234 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1890383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) muscleblind-like 1 antisense RNA 1 (MBNL1-AS1) in the progression of Prostate cancer (PCa). MBNL1-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-181a-5p expression in PCa tissues and several human PCa cell lines were analyzed, respectively, using StarBasev3.0 project and RT-qPCR assay. After MBNL1-AS1 overexpression, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were, respectively, evaluated using CCK-8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays. Dual luciferase assay were used for analysis of the interactions among MBNL1-AS1, miR-181a-5p, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Subsequently, the expression of PTEN and proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was examined using western blot analysis after transfection with miR-181a-5p mimic. The rescue assays were performed to investigate the effects of MBNL1-AS1 and miR-181a-5p on the functions of PCa cells and the expression of PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by co-transfection with MBNL1-AS1 plasmid and miR-181a-5p mimic. Results indicated that MBNL1-AS1 was conspicuously downregulated while miR-181a-5p upregulating in PCa tissues and cell lines. MBNL1-AS1 overexpression decreased the abilities of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Further study revealed that MBNL1-AS1 acted as a sponge for miR-181a-5p and positively regulated PTEN by a sponge effect. Additionally, rescue assays proved that the effect of MBNL1-AS1-upregulation on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa cells was dependent on miR-181a-5p. Furthermore, miR-181a-5p overexpression counteracted the expression of PTEN and proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling exerted by MBNL1-AS1-upregulation in PCa cells. This study suggests that MBNL1-AS1 inhibits the progression of PCa via sponging miR-181a-5p and regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sai Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song-Tao Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, China
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Shi Y, Zhang DD, Liu JB, Yang XL, Xin R, Jia CY, Wang HM, Lu GX, Wang PY, Liu Y, Li ZJ, Deng J, Lin QL, Ma L, Feng SS, Chen XQ, Zheng XM, Zhou YF, Hu YJ, Yin HQ, Tian LL, Gu LP, Lv ZW, Yu F, Li W, Ma YS, Da F. Comprehensive analysis to identify DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:702-718. [PMID: 33575116 PMCID: PMC7851426 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors that are harmful to human health. Increasing evidence has underscored the critical role of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks among various human cancers. However, the complexity and behavior characteristics of the ceRNA network in HCC were still unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-related ceRNA regulatory network and identify potential prognostic markers associated with HCC. The expression profiles of three RNAs (long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs], microRNAs [miRNAs], and mRNAs) were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The DLEU2L-hsa-miR-100-5p/ hsa-miR-99a-5p-TAOK1 ceRNA network related to the prognosis of HCC was obtained by performing bioinformatics analysis. Importantly, we identified the DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis in the ceRNA by using correlation analysis, and it appeared to become a clinical prognostic model by Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, methylation analyses suggested that the abnormal upregulation of the DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis likely resulted from hypomethylation, and immune infiltration analysis showed that the DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis may have an impact on the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment and the development of HCC. In summary, the current study constructing a ceRNA-based DLEU2L/TAOK1 axis might be a novel important prognostic factor associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gai-Xia Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Jin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Qin-Lu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Min Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Fu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Qun Yin
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Tian
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li-Peng Gu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu Da
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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