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Yang S, Li A, Lv L, Duan J, Zheng Z, Zhuo W, Min J, Wei J. Identification and Validation of Nicotinamide Metabolism-Related Gene Signatures as a Novel Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:423-438. [PMID: 38827823 PMCID: PMC11143992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s464709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide (NAM+) regulates redox and metabolic activities in the mitochondria. The intention of the research was to identify key genes that relate to nicotinamide in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Relevant clinical information were collected as well as RNA-seq data using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential analysis was used to discover the genes that were differently expressed. On the key genes associated with NAM, functional enrichment analysis was carried out. Next, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and prognosis Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve analyses were used to evaluate the importance of important gene expression, respectively. The immune cell signatures were estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, the anticancer impact of NAM on HCC was experimentally confirmed, and important genes NADSYN1 and NT5C were validated at the protein level in clinical specimens. Results Six prognostic key genes (NAXE, NADSYN1, NT5C, NT5C3A, PNP and NT5E) were identified. There is an association between the level of key gene expression and the clinical prognosis. Four key genes (NAXE, NADSYN1, NT5C and NT5C3A) have statistical significance of survival prognosis. Finally, the expression of NAM-related genes and the inhibitory effect of NAM on HCC were verified by experiments. Conclusion The study first found some Nicotinamide metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (NMRDEGs) that are related to HCC can contribute to predicting survival and monitoring the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Lv
- Clinical Trial Institution of Pharmaceuticals, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University 528406 Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu M, Wang S, Qu K, Lu F, Kou M, Yao Y, Zhu T, Yu Y, Wang L, Yan C. The trogocytosis of neutrophils on initial transplanted tumor in mice. iScience 2024; 27:109661. [PMID: 38650980 PMCID: PMC11033691 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in tumor initiation stage is rarely reported because of the lack of suitable models. We found that neutrophils recruited in early tumor nodules induced by subcutaneous inoculation of B16 melanoma cells were able to attack tumor cells by trogocytosis. The anti-tumor immunotherapy like peritoneal injection with TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide combined with transforming growth factor β2 inhibitor TIO3 could increase the trogocytic neutrophils in the nodules, as well as CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and their interferon-γ production. Local use of Cxcl2 small interfering RNA significantly reduced the number of neutrophils and trogocytic neutrophils in tumor nodules, as well as CD8+ T and NK cells, and also enlarged the nodules. These results suggest that neutrophils recruited early to the inoculation site of tumor cells are conducive to the establishment of anti-tumor immune microenvironment. Our findings provide a useful model system for studying the effect of neutrophils on tumors and anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhu
- Department of Neonatology and Institute of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuo Qu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Kou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Neonatology and Institute of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Neonatology and Institute of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Neonatology and Institute of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Marques C, Hadjab F, Porcello A, Lourenço K, Scaletta C, Abdel-Sayed P, Hirt-Burri N, Applegate LA, Laurent A. Mechanistic Insights into the Multiple Functions of Niacinamide: Therapeutic Implications and Cosmeceutical Applications in Functional Skincare Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:425. [PMID: 38671873 PMCID: PMC11047333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Niacinamide (or nicotinamide) is a small-molecule hydrosoluble vitamin with essential metabolic functions in mammalian cells. Niacinamide has become a key functional ingredient in diverse skincare products and cosmetics. This vitamin plays a pivotal role in NAD+ synthesis, notably contributing to redox reactions and energy production in cutaneous cells. Via diversified biochemical mechanisms, niacinamide is also known to influence human DNA repair and cellular stress responses. Based on decades of safe use in cosmetics, niacinamide recently gained widespread popularity as an active ingredient which aligns with the "Kligman standards" in skincare. From a therapeutic standpoint, the intrinsic properties of niacinamide may be applied to managing acne vulgaris, melasma, and psoriasis. From a cosmeceutical standpoint, niacinamide has been widely leveraged as a multipurpose antiaging ingredient. Therein, it was shown to significantly reduce cutaneous oxidative stress, inflammation, and pigmentation. Overall, through multimodal mechanisms, niacinamide may be considered to partially prevent and/or reverse several biophysical changes associated with skin aging. The present narrative review provides multifactorial insights into the mechanisms of niacinamide's therapeutic and cosmeceutical functions. The ingredient's evolving role in skincare was critically appraised, with a strong focus on the biochemical mechanisms at play. Finally, novel indications and potential applications of niacinamide in dermal fillers and alternative injectable formulations were prospectively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Marques
- Development Department, LOUNA REGENERATIVE SA, CH-1207 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.M.); (A.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Farid Hadjab
- Development Department, Albomed GmbH, D-90592 Schwarzenbruck, Germany;
| | - Alexandre Porcello
- Development Department, LOUNA REGENERATIVE SA, CH-1207 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.M.); (A.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Kelly Lourenço
- Development Department, LOUNA REGENERATIVE SA, CH-1207 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.M.); (A.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Corinne Scaletta
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.)
| | - Philippe Abdel-Sayed
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.)
- STI School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Hirt-Burri
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.)
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.)
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (C.S.); (P.A.-S.); (N.H.-B.)
- Manufacturing Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Manufacturing Department, TEC-PHARMA SA, CH-1038 Bercher, Switzerland
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4
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Scatozza F, Giardina MM, Valente C, Vigiano Benedetti V, Facchiano A. Anti-Melanoma Effects of Miconazole: Investigating the Mitochondria Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3589. [PMID: 38612401 PMCID: PMC11011910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Miconazole is an antimycotic drug showing anti-cancer effects in several cancers. However, little is known on its effects in melanoma. A375 and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell lines were exposed to miconazole and clotrimazole (up to 100 mM). Proliferation, viability with MTT assay and vascular mimicry were assayed at 24 h treatment. Molecular effects were measured at 6 h, namely, ATP-, ROS-release and mitochondria-related cytofluorescence. A metabolomic profile was also investigated at 6 h treatment. Carnitine was one of the most affected metabolites; therefore, the expression of 29 genes involved in carnitine metabolism was investigated in the public platform GEPIA2 on 461 melanoma patients and 558 controls. After 24 h treatments, miconazole and clotrimazole strongly and significantly inhibited proliferation in the presence of 10% serum on either melanoma cell lines; they also strongly reduced viability and vascular mimicry. After 6 h treatment, ATP reduction and ROS increase were observed, as well as a significant reduction in mitochondria-related fluorescence. Further, in A375, miconazole strongly and significantly altered expression of several metabolites including carnitines, phosphatidyl-cholines, all amino acids and several other small molecules, mostly metabolized in mitochondria. The expression of 12 genes involved in carnitine metabolism was found significantly modified in melanoma patients, 6 showing a significant impact on patients' survival. Finally, miconazole antiproliferation activity on A375 was found completely abrogated in the presence of carnitine, supporting a specific role of carnitine in melanoma protection toward miconazole effect, and was significantly reversed in the presence of caspases inhibitors such as ZVAD-FMK and Ac-DEVD-CHO, and a clear pro-apoptotic effect was observed in miconazole-treated cells, by FACS analysis of Annexin V-FITC stained cells. Miconazole strongly affects proliferation and other biological features in two human melanoma cell lines, as well as mitochondria-related functions such as ATP- and ROS-release, and the expression of several metabolites is largely dependent on mitochondria function. Miconazole, likely acting via carnitine and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, is therefore suggested as a candidate for further investigations in melanoma treatments.
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Guo J, Cheng Z, Zhou Z. An archaeal nitrile hydratase from the halophilic archaeon A07HB70 exhibits high tolerance to 3-cyanopyridine and nicotinamide. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 214:106390. [PMID: 37913996 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase, EC 4.2.1.84) is widely used in the industrial production of biosynthetic amide compounds. NHases obtained from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources have been widely studied, while the NHases derived from archaeal sources have not been reported. Here, we focused on a distinctive NHase derived from a halophilic archaeon (archaeon A07HB70, A.r NHase) that thrives in high-salt environments. A notable feature of this enzyme is the natural fusion of the α subunit with the activator. A.r NHase retained 89.14 % of its activity after exposure to 4.0 M substrate and 97.52 % of its activity after exposure to 4.0 M product. These findings indicate that A.r NHase exhibits significantly higher tolerance to both substrate and product compared to NHases derived from other sources, which may be due to its unique genetic structure. The investigation of such highly stable archaeal NHase can offer a theoretical foundation for modifying NHase derived from other sources. This, in turn, would enhance the potential industrial application of NHase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Kaffe D, Kaplanis SI, Karagogeos D. The Roles of Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9526-9548. [PMID: 38132442 PMCID: PMC10742427 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of myelinating glial cells, the oligodendrocytes, within the central nervous system (CNS) can result in the disruption of myelin, the lipid-rich multi-layered membrane structure that surrounds most vertebrate axons. This leads to axonal degeneration and motor/cognitive impairments. In response to demyelination in the CNS, the formation of new myelin sheaths occurs through the homeostatic process of remyelination, facilitated by the differentiation of newly formed oligodendrocytes. Apart from oligodendrocytes, the two other main glial cell types of the CNS, microglia and astrocytes, play a pivotal role in remyelination. Following a demyelination insult, microglia can phagocytose myelin debris, thus permitting remyelination, while the developing neuroinflammation in the demyelinated region triggers the activation of astrocytes. Modulating the profile of glial cells can enhance the likelihood of successful remyelination. In this context, recent studies have implicated autophagy as a pivotal pathway in glial cells, playing a significant role in both their maturation and the maintenance of myelin. In this Review, we examine the role of substances capable of modulating the autophagic machinery within the myelinating glial cells of the CNS. Such substances, called caloric restriction mimetics, have been shown to decelerate the aging process by mitigating age-related ailments, with their mechanisms of action intricately linked to the induction of autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kaffe
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stefanos Ioannis Kaplanis
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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7
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Song L, Li C, Yu J, Yang Y, Tian X, Choo SW. The anti-cancer effect and mechanism of animal scale-derived extract on malignant melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12548. [PMID: 37532809 PMCID: PMC10397295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of cancer with abnormal proliferation of melanocytes and is one of the most diagnosed cancer types. In traditional Chinese medicine, pangolin scales have been used to treat various diseases, including human cancers. However, its efficacy has not been scientifically proven. Here we studied the anticancer effect and mechanism of pangolin scale extract (PSE) on melanoma cell lines using scientific approaches. Our cell viability assay shows that PSE exhibits up to approximately 50-80% inhibition on SK-MEL-103 and A375 melanoma cell lines. Mechanically, PSE inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and causes changes in cell morphology. The apoptosis assay showed a significant chromosomal condensation inside the PSE-treated melanoma cells. The sequencing and analysis of A375 melanoma cell transcriptomes revealed 3077 differentially expressed genes in the 6 h treatment group and 8027 differentially expressed genes in the 72 h treatment group. Transcriptome analysis suggests that PSE may cause cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells and promote apoptosis mainly by up-regulating the p53 signaling pathway and down-regulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In this study, the anticancer effect of PSE was demonstrated by molecular biological means. PSE shows a significant inhibition effect on melanoma cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro, causes cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis through p53 and PI3K-AKT pathways. This study provides better insights into the anti-cancer efficacy and underlying mechanism of PSE and a theoretical basis for mining anticancer compounds or the development of new treatments for melanoma in the future. It is worth noting that this study does not advocate the use of the pangolin scale for disease treatment, but only to confirm its usefulness from a scientific research perspective and to encourage subsequent research around the development of active compounds to replace pangolin scales to achieve the conservation of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanni Song
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Li
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Siew Woh Choo
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Li M, Zhang L, Pan L, Zhou P, Yu R, Zhang Z, Lv J, Guo H, Wang Y, Xiao S, Liu X. Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1591. [PMID: 37515276 PMCID: PMC10386100 DOI: 10.3390/v15071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), members of the genus Coronavirus, mainly cause acute diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration in piglets, and thus lead to serious economic losses. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on PEDV and PDCoV replication and found that NAM treatment significantly inhibited PEDV and PDCoV reproduction. Moreover, NAM plays an important role in replication processes. NAM primarily inhibited PEDV and PDCoV RNA and protein synthesis rather than other processes. Furthermore, we discovered that NAM treatment likely inhibits the replication of PEDV and PDCoV by downregulating the expression of transcription factors through activation of the ERK1/2/MAPK pathway. Overall, this study is the first to suggest that NAM might be not only an important antiviral factor for swine intestinal coronavirus, but also a potential candidate to be evaluated in the context of other human and animal coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruiming Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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9
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Hyeraci M, Papanikolau ES, Grimaldi M, Ricci F, Pallotta S, Monetta R, Minafò YA, Di Lella G, Galdo G, Abeni D, Fania L, Dellambra E. Systemic Photoprotection in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1067. [PMID: 37509103 PMCID: PMC10377635 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and actinic keratosis (AK), are the most common cancer diseases in the Caucasian race. If diagnosed late and improperly treated, BCC and SCC can become locally advanced and metastasize. Malignant melanoma (MM) is less frequent but more lethal than NMSC. Given the individual and social burdens of skin cancers, performing an adequate prevention is needed. Ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure is one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. Thus, the first-choice prevention strategy is represented by photoprotection that can be both topical and systemic. The latter consists of the oral administration of molecules which protect human skin against the damaging effects of UV rays, acting through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or immunomodulator mechanisms. Although several compounds are commonly used for photoprotection, only a few molecules have demonstrated their effectiveness in clinical trials and have been included in international guidelines for NMSC prevention (i.e., nicotinamide and retinoids). Moreover, none of them have been demonstrated as able to prevent MM. Clinical and preclinical data regarding the most common compounds used for systemic photoprotection are reported in this review, with a focus on the main mechanisms involved in their photoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marta Grimaldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Aura Minafò
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lella
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galdo
- Dermatology Unit, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fania
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
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10
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Zhan M, Ding Y, Huang S, Liu Y, Xiao J, Yu H, Lu L, Wang X. Lysyl oxidase-like 3 restrains mitochondrial ferroptosis to promote liver cancer chemoresistance by stabilizing dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3123. [PMID: 37253718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome chemotherapy resistance, novel strategies sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy are required. Here, we screen the lysyl-oxidase (LOX) family to clarify its contribution to chemotherapy resistance in liver cancer. LOXL3 depletion significantly sensitizes liver cancer cells to Oxaliplatin by inducing ferroptosis. Chemotherapy-activated EGFR signaling drives LOXL3 to interact with TOM20, causing it to be hijacked into mitochondria, where LOXL3 lysyl-oxidase activity is reinforced by phosphorylation at S704. Metabolic adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) directly phosphorylates LOXL3-S704. Phosphorylated LOXL3-S704 targets dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and stabilizes it by preventing its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. K344-deubiquitinated DHODH accumulates in mitochondria, in turn inhibiting chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial ferroptosis. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated site-mutation of mouse LOXL3-S704 to D704 causes a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Using an advanced liver cancer mouse model, we further reveal that low-dose Oxaliplatin in combination with the DHODH-inhibitor Leflunomide effectively inhibit liver cancer progression by inducing ferroptosis, with increased chemotherapy sensitivity and decreased chemotherapy toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Hunt SV, Jamison A, Malhotra R. Oral nicotinamide for non-melanoma skin cancers: A review. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:823-829. [PMID: 35347291 PMCID: PMC10050186 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much interest in the role of oral nicotinamide supplementation in reducing the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers. This article reviews the hypothesised mechanisms of action of nicotinamide, and the available literature outlining its role for this purpose. There have been five randomised controlled trials (RCT), one histopathological study and two case series exploring the effect of oral nicotinamide supplementation on UV-induced immunosuppression of the skin, and incidence of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). The largest RCT received criticism of the statistical analyses used, but the critics still acknowledged a likely benefit of treatment with oral nicotinamide in reducing the incidence of NMSC. Nicotinamide has a favourable safety profile. Current evidence is not definitive that oral nicotinamide supplementation reduces the incidence of NMSC, but it constitutes a low-risk management option that may be particularly relevant for high-risk individuals, and should be discussed as an option for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Jamison
- Corneoplastic unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, England
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneoplastic unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, England
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12
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Sun S, Deng M, Wen J, Chen X, Xu J, Liu Y, Wan H, Wang J, Yan L, He Y, Xu Y. Aspartate beta-hydroxylase domain containing 1 as a prognostic marker associated with immune infiltration in skin cutaneous melanoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:292. [PMID: 37004045 PMCID: PMC10063950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an extremely malignant tumor and accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Aspartate beta-hydroxylase domain containing 1 (ASPHD1) may participate in cancer progression through controlling α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. However, its role in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) has not been well studied. METHODS The gene expression data of ASPDH1 and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from TCGA and GTEx were evaluated, and verified via the GEO database. Then, we performed GO/KEGG, GSEA, PPI network analysis to analyze the functional implications of the DEGs related to ASPHD1. Then, the association between the ASPHD1 expression and clinical parameters was investigated by Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the survival time of SKCM patients was evaluated by plotting Kaplan-Meier curves. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between the ASPHD1 expression and lymphocytic infiltration by using the data from TISIDB and TIMER 2.0. Next, we explored the association between ASPHD1 expression and drug sensitivity. Finally, we validate the expression differences by analyzing the results of qPCR, Western blot from human normal epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) from non-tumor skin as well as melanoma tissues. RESULTS The ASPHD1 expression level was significantly upregulated in several cancers, including SKCM especially SKCM-metastasis tissues, and patients with an increased ASPHD1 expression had longer overall survival time than low expression ones. The functional enrichment analysis of ASPHD1-related DEGs showed an association with cell development regulation and tumorigenic pathways. Furthermore, the increased ASPHD1 expression level was associated with the level of immunostimulors, immunoinhibitors, chemokines, and TILs, such as CD4+, CD8+ T cell, mast cell, Th2 cell, and dendritic cell. More interesting, we found that ASPHD1 expression was tightly associated with CTLA4 and CD276 which are immune checkpoint markers. Moreover, the upregulated expression of ASPHD1 exhibited higher IC50 values for 24 chemotherapy drugs, including doxorubicin, and masitinib. Finally, the differential expression of ASPHD1 in SKCM was validated by the results of qPCR, Western blot, and IHC. CONCLUSION The expression of ASPHD1 in SKCM patients is closely related to patient survival. ASPHD1 may participate in the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. Additionally, it may serve as a prognostic biomarker for SKCM and future in-depth studies are necessary to explore its value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Sun
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Hepatobiliary Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Huanhuan Wan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Leping Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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13
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Gilbert MM, Mathes SC, Mahajan AS, Rohan CA, Travers JB, Thyagarajan A. The role of sirtuins in dermal fibroblast function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1021908. [PMID: 36993812 PMCID: PMC10040577 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1021908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins are a family of seven proteins that perform a variety of dermatological functions and help maintain both the structure and function of the skin. More specifically, the sirtuins have been shown to be altered in multiple dermal cell types including dermal fibroblasts. The functions of dermal fibroblasts are extensive, and include playing a significant role in wound healing as well as helping to maintain the integrity of the skin. As dermal fibroblasts age, they can undergo a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, known as cellular senescence. This senescent process can occur as a result of various stressors, including oxidative stress, ultraviolet radiation -induced stress, and replicative stress. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in both enhancing the cutaneous fibroblast’s ability to facilitate wound healing and altering fibroblast cellular senescence. Thus, in this review, we examine the relationship between sirtuin signaling and dermal fibroblasts to understand how this family of proteins may modulate skin conditions ranging from the wound healing process to photocarcinogenesis associated with fibroblast senescence. Additionally, we offer supporting data from experiments examining the relationship between fibroblast senescence and sirtuin levels in an oxidative stress model indicating that senescent dermal fibroblasts exhibit diminished sirtuin levels. Furthermore, we survey the research on the role of sirtuins in specific dermatological disease states that where dermal fibroblast function has been implicated. Finally, we conclude with outlining potential clinical applications of sirtuins in dermatology. In sum, we find that the literature on the involvement of sirtuins in dermal fibroblasts is limited, with research still in its early stages. Nevertheless, intriguing preliminary findings merit additional investigation into the clinical implications of sirtuins in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Gilbert
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Departments of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael M. Gilbert,
| | | | - Avinash S. Mahajan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Departments of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Departments of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Anita Thyagarajan,
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14
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Drug Screening for Hepatitis A Virus (HAV): Nicotinamide Inhibits c-Jun Expression and HAV Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0198722. [PMID: 36728416 PMCID: PMC9973044 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01987-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection often causes acute hepatitis, which results in a case fatality rate of 0.2% and fulminant hepatitis in 0.5% of cases. However, no specific potent anti-HAV drug is available on the market to date. In the present study, we focused on inhibition of HAV internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation and investigated novel therapeutic drugs through drug repurposing by screening for inhibitors of HAV IRES-mediated translation and cell viability using a reporter assay and cell viability assay, respectively. The initial screening of 1,158 drugs resulted in 77 candidate drugs. Among them, nicotinamide significantly inhibited HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication in Huh7 cells. This promising drug also inhibited HAV HM175 genotype IB subgenomic replicon and HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication in a dose-dependent manner. In the present study, we found that nicotinamide inhibited the activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and that knockdown of c-Jun, which is one of the components of AP-1, inhibited HAV HM175 genotype IB IRES-mediated translation and HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA and HAV HM175 genotype IB replication. Taken together, the results showed that nicotinamide inhibited c-Jun, resulting in the suppression of HAV IRES-mediated translation and HAV replication, and therefore, it could be useful for the treatment of HAV infection. IMPORTANCE Drug screening methods targeting HAV IRES-mediated translation with reporter assays are attractive and useful for drug repurposing. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3, niacin) has been shown to effectively inhibit HAV replication. Transcription complex activator protein 1 (AP-1) plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of cellular immunity or viral replication. The results of this study provide evidence that AP-1 is involved in HAV replication and plays a role in the HAV life cycle. In addition, nicotinamide was shown to suppress HAV replication partly by inhibiting AP-1 activity and HAV IRES-mediated translation. Nicotinamide may be useful for the control of acute HAV infection by inhibiting cellular AP-1 activity during HAV infection processes.
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15
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Wen J, Zhang X, Rush E, Panickan VA, Li X, Cai T, Zhou D, Ho YL, Costa L, Begoli E, Hong C, Gaziano JM, Cho K, Lu J, Liao KP, Zitnik M, Cai T. Multimodal representation learning for predicting molecule-disease relations. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:7034101. [PMID: 36805623 PMCID: PMC9940625 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Predicting molecule-disease indications and side effects is important for drug development and pharmacovigilance. Comprehensively mining molecule-molecule, molecule-disease and disease-disease semantic dependencies can potentially improve prediction performance. METHODS We introduce a Multi-Modal REpresentation Mapping Approach to Predicting molecular-disease relations (M2REMAP) by incorporating clinical semantics learned from electronic health records (EHR) of 12.6 million patients. Specifically, M2REMAP first learns a multimodal molecule representation that synthesizes chemical property and clinical semantic information by mapping molecule chemicals via a deep neural network onto the clinical semantic embedding space shared by drugs, diseases and other common clinical concepts. To infer molecule-disease relations, M2REMAP combines multimodal molecule representation and disease semantic embedding to jointly infer indications and side effects. RESULTS We extensively evaluate M2REMAP on molecule indications, side effects and interactions. Results show that incorporating EHR embeddings improves performance significantly, for example, attaining an improvement over the baseline models by 23.6% in PRC-AUC on indications and 23.9% on side effects. Further, M2REMAP overcomes the limitation of existing methods and effectively predicts drugs for novel diseases and emerging pathogens. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code is available at https://github.com/celehs/M2REMAP, and prediction results are provided at https://shiny.parse-health.org/drugs-diseases-dev/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Everett Rush
- Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Vidul A Panickan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Xingyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianrun Cai
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Doudou Zhou
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Lauren Costa
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Edmon Begoli
- Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Chuan Hong
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junwei Lu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine P Liao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinka Zitnik
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Data Science Initiative, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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16
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Villemin C, Six A, Neville BA, Lawley TD, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. The heightened importance of the microbiome in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:44-59. [PMID: 36464584 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is recognized as a key factor in health and disease. This has been further corroborated by identifying changes in microbiome composition and function as a novel hallmark in cancer. These effects are exerted through microbiome interactions with host cells, impacting a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes. In this review, we discuss some of the latest findings on how the bacterial component of the microbiome can influence outcomes for different cancer immunotherapy modalities, highlighting identified mechanisms of action. We also address the clinical efforts to utilize this knowledge to achieve better responses to immunotherapy. A refined understanding of microbiome variations in patients and microbiome-host interactions with cancer therapies is essential to realize optimal clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Six
- Microbiotica Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Trevor D Lawley
- Microbiotica Ltd., Cambridge, UK; Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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17
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Peng L, Liu D, Liu H, Xia M, Wan L, Li M, Zhao J, Tang C, Chen G, Qu X, Dong Z, Liu H. Bombesin receptor-activated protein exacerbates cisplatin-induced AKI by regulating the degradation of SIRT2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2366-2385. [PMID: 35488871 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health problem with no specific therapies in the clinic and the underlying pathogenesis of AKI remains obscure. Bombesin receptor-activated protein (BRAP, C6ORF89 protein) was initially discovered as a ligand for a previously orphan G-protein-coupled receptor bombesin-like receptor-3. At present, accepted biological effects of BRAP include cell cycle progression, wound repair and the activation of histone deacetylases. However, its role in kidney disease is unknown. In this study we have investigated the role of BRAP and underlying mechanisms involved in cisplatin (CP)-induced AKI. METHODS Here we used Bc004004 (homologous of C6ORF89 in mice) knockout mice and HK2 cells to investigate the effect of BRAP on AKI in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data to search for the upstream regulators of BRAP and downstream mediators of BRAP action in AKI. Immunostaining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), co-immunoprecipitation, a dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-PCR assay were applied to reveal the upstream and downstream regulation mechanism of BRAP during cisplatin-induced AKI. RESULTS BRAP was downregulated in mice and human kidneys with AKI. Global Bc004004 deletion alleviated tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis in CP-induced AKI mice, whereas local overexpression of BRAP in kidneys aggravated them. Pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD pretreatment attenuated CP-induced blood creatinine increase and kidney injury in wild-type mice but not in BRAP -/- mice. The activation of mixed lineage kinase like-domain was magnified by Z-VAD in CP-treated mice, especially in BRAP -/- mice. The cytoprotective effect of Z-VAD was more substantial than necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis) in CP-treated human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells. Furthermore, Nec-1 pretreatment reduced the CP-induced cell death in BRAP overexpression HK2 cells but did not work in cells with normal BRAP levels. We determined that CP treatment activated the nuclear factor-κB subunit P65 and inhibition of P65 increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of BRAP in HK2 cells. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified P65 binding to the C6ORF89 promoter and reduced its mRNA expression upon CP treatment. Next we found that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was downregulated in CP-induced AKI and BRAP levels directly impacted the protein levels of SIRT2. Our findings further confirmed that BRAP regulates the SIRT2 protein levels by affecting SIRT2's interactions with E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 and subsequent proteasomal degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that BRAP played an important role in tubular cell apoptosis and necroptosis during CP-induced AKI. Safe and efficient BRAP inhibitors might be effective therapeutic options for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangpin Qu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Giampietri C, Scatozza F, Crecca E, Vigiano Benedetti V, Natali PG, Facchiano A. Analysis of gene expression levels and their impact on survival in 31 cancer-types patients identifies novel prognostic markers and suggests unexplored immunotherapy treatment options in a wide range of malignancies. J Transl Med 2022; 20:467. [PMID: 36224560 PMCID: PMC9559014 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has dramatically improved cancer treatment by inhibiting or activating specific cell receptors, thus unleashing the host anti-tumor response. However, the engagement of the three main immune checkpoints so far identified, CTLA4, PD-1 and PD-L1, is effective in a fraction of patients, therefore novel targets must be identified and tested. METHODS We focused our attention on the following nine highly relevant immune checkpoint (ICR) receptors: CTLA4, PD1, PD-L1, LAG3, TIM3, OX40, GITR, 4-1BB and TIGIT. All of them are targets of existing drugs currently under clinical scrutiny in several malignancies. Their expression levels were evaluated in patient tissues of 31 different cancer types vs. proper controls, in a total of 15,038 individuals. This analysis was carried out by interrogating public databases available on GEPIA2 portal and UALCAN portal. By the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) their ability to effectively discriminate patients form controls was then investigated. Expression of the nine ICRs was also related to overall survival in 31 cancer types and expressed as Hazard Ratio, on the GEPIA2 portal and validated, for melanoma patients, in patients-datasets available on PROGgene V2 portal. RESULTS Significant differential expression was observed for each ICR molecule in many cancer types. A 7-molecules profile was found to specifically discriminate melanoma patients from controls, while two different 6-molecules profiles discriminate pancreatic cancer patients and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors from matched controls. Highly significant survival improvement was found to be related to the expression levels of all nine ICRs in a wide spectrum of malignancies. For melanoma analysis, the relation with survival observed in TCGA datasets was validated in independent GSE melanoma datasets. CONCLUSION Analysis the nine ICR molecules demonstrates that their expression patterns may be considered as markers of disease and strong survival predictors in a variety of malignancies frequently associated to poor prognosis. Thus, the present findings are strongly advocating that exploratory clinical trials are worth to be performed, using available drugs, targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Scatozza
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Crecca
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Vigiano Benedetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico Dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 00167, Rome, Italy.
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Xia Y, Yin M, Peplowski L, Cheng Z, Zhou Z. Tailoring the Hinge Residue at the Substrate Access Tunnel Entrance Improves the Catalytic Performance of Industrialized Nitrile Hydratase Toward 3‐Cyanopyridine. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Meng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Lukasz Peplowski
- Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Grudziadzka 5 87-100 Torun Poland
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) Institution School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute Jiangnan University Wu Xi Shi, Rugao 226500 China
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20
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Translating Molecules into Imaging—The Development of New PET Tracers for Patients with Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051116. [PMID: 35626272 PMCID: PMC9139963 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly disease that often exhibits relentless progression and can have both early and late metastases. Recent advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy have dramatically increased patient survival for patients with melanoma. Similar advances in molecular targeted PET imaging can identify molecular pathways that promote disease progression and therefore offer physiological information. Thus, they can be used to assess prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, and identify instances of treatment failure. Numerous agents tested preclinically and clinically demonstrate promising results with high tumor-to-background ratios in both primary and metastatic melanoma tumors. Here, we detail the development and testing of multiple molecular targeted PET-imaging agents, including agents for general oncological imaging and those specifically for PET imaging of melanoma. Of the numerous radiopharmaceuticals evaluated for this purpose, several have made it to clinical trials and showed promising results. Ultimately, these agents may become the standard of care for melanoma imaging if they are able to demonstrate micrometastatic disease and thus provide more accurate information for staging. Furthermore, these agents provide a more accurate way to monitor response to therapy. Patients will be able to receive treatment based on tumor uptake characteristics and may be able to be treated earlier for lesions that with traditional imaging would be subclinical, overall leading to improved outcomes for patients.
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21
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Expression of Autoimmunity-Related Genes in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040991. [PMID: 35205739 PMCID: PMC8870167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study selected four genes strongly related to autoimmunity. Their expression was found to be significantly altered in melanoma patients according to a multi-validation procedure carried out on 1948 patients. Such genes may represent suitable molecular targets to further investigate the role autoimmunity may play in melanoma setup and development. Our data suggest that autoimmunity may play a beneficial role in melanoma set up, at least to some extent. Abstract (1) Background. Immune response dysregulation plays a key role in melanoma, as suggested by the substantial prognosis improvement observed under immune-modulation therapy. Similarly, the role of autoimmunity is under large investigation in melanoma and other cancers. (2) Methods. Expression of 98 autoimmunity-related genes was investigated in 1948 individuals (1024 melanoma and 924 healthy controls). Data were derived from four independent databases, namely, GEO in the selection phase, and Ist Online, GEPIA2 and GENT2, in three sequential validation-steps. ROC analyses were performed to measure the ability to discriminate melanoma from controls. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to combine expression data; survival analysis was carried out on the GEPIA2 platform. (3) Results. Expression levels of NOD2, BAX, IL-18 and ADRB2 were found to be significantly different in melanoma vs. controls and discriminate melanoma from controls in an extremely effective way, either as single molecules (AUC > 0.93 in all cases) or as a profile, according to the PCA analysis. Patients showing high-expression of NOD2 and of IL-18 also show a significant survival improvement as compared to low-expression patients. (4) Conclusions. Four genes strongly related to autoimmunity show a significant altered expression in melanoma samples, highlighting the role they may play in melanoma.
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22
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Nicotinamide Breaks Effector CD8 T cell Responses by Targeting mTOR Signaling. iScience 2022; 25:103932. [PMID: 35243268 PMCID: PMC8886054 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Engineering of the thermophilic nitrile hydratase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM3095 for large-scale nicotinamide production based on sequence-activity relationships. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:775-782. [PMID: 34592221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The green biocatalyst nitrile hydratase (NHase) is able to bio-transform 3-cyanopyridine into nicotinamide. As the NHase reaction is exothermic, an enzyme with high activity and stability is needed for nicotinamide production. In this study, we used sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis to generate a mutant of thermophilic NHase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM3095 with substantially enhanced activity and developed a powerful process for nicotinamide bio-production. The specific activity of αF126Y/αF168Y mutant was successfully increased by 3.98-fold over that of the wild-type enzyme. The half-life of such mutant was longer than 2 h, which was comparable to its parent enzyme. The relative activity of the αF126Y/αF168Y mutant after treatment with 1 M 3-cyanopyridine and 2 M nicotinamide was 73.2% and 63.7%, respectively, showing minor loss of its original stability. Structural analysis demonstrated that hydrogen bonds at the active site and α-β subunit interface of the NHase contribute to the improved activity and the maintenance of stability. Escherichia coli transformant harboring the mutant NHase was used for nicotinamide bio-production, yielding a nicotinamide productivity of 251.1 g/(L·h), which is higher than the productivity obtained using other NHase-containing strains and transformants. The newly established variant is therefore a promising alternative for the industrial production of nicotinamides.
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24
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Lundt S, Ding S. NAD + Metabolism and Diseases with Motor Dysfunction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1776. [PMID: 34828382 PMCID: PMC8625820 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases result in the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, with motor and cognitive impairments being the two most observable problems. Motor dysfunction could be caused by motor neuron diseases (MNDs) characterized by the loss of motor neurons, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, or other neurodegenerative diseases with the destruction of brain areas that affect movement, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the most abundant metabolites in the human body and is involved with numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, circadian clock, and DNA repair. NAD+ can be reversibly oxidized-reduced or directly consumed by NAD+-dependent proteins. NAD+ is synthesized in cells via three different paths: the de novo, Preiss-Handler, or NAD+ salvage pathways, with the salvage pathway being the primary producer of NAD+ in mammalian cells. NAD+ metabolism is being investigated for a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss cellular NAD+ homeostasis, looking at NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, with a focus on the NAD+ salvage pathway. Then, we examine the research, including human clinical trials, focused on the involvement of NAD+ in MNDs and other neurodegenerative diseases with motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lundt
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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25
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Cheng Z, Jiang S, Zhou Z. Substrate access tunnel engineering for improving the catalytic activity of a thermophilic nitrile hydratase toward pyridine and pyrazine nitriles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 575:8-13. [PMID: 34454178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is able to bio-transform nitriles into amides. As nitrile hydration being an exothermic reaction, a NHase with high activity and stability is needed for amide production. However, the widespread use of NHase for amide bio-production is limited by an activity-stability trade-off. In this study, through the combination of substrate access tunnel calculation, residue conservative analysis and site-saturation mutagenesis, a residue located at the substrate access tunnel entrance of the thermophilic NHase from extremophile Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2. A1, βLeu48, was semi-rationally identified as a potential gating residue that directs the enzymatic activity toward various pyridine and pyrazine nitriles. The specific activity of the corresponding mutant βL48H towards 3-cyanopyridine, 2-cyanopyridine and cyanopyrazine were 2.4-fold, 2.8-fold and 3.1-fold higher than that of its parent enzyme, showing a great potential in the industrial production of high-value pyridine and pyrazine carboxamides. Further structural analysis demonstrated that the βHis48 could form a long-lasting hydrogen bond with αGlu166, which contributes to the expansion of the entrance of substrate access tunnel and accelerate substrate migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Rugao, 226500, China.
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Targeting SIRT2 Sensitizes Melanoma Cells to Cisplatin via an EGFR-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095034. [PMID: 34068624 PMCID: PMC8126047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells are resistant to most anticancer chemotherapeutics. Despite poor response rates and short-term efficacy, chemotherapy remains the main approach to treating this cancer. The underlying mechanisms of the intrinsic chemoresistance of melanoma remain unclear, but elucidating these mechanisms is important to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens. Increasing evidence suggests that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) plays a key role in the response of melanoma cells to chemotherapeutics; thus, in the present study, we evaluated the impact of shRNA-mediated and pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 on the sensitivity of melanoma cells to cisplatin, which is used in several regimens to treat melanoma patients. We found that cells with SIRT2 inhibition revealed increased sensitivity to cisplatin and exhibited increased accumulation of γ-H2AX and reduced EGFR-AKT-RAF-ERK1/2 (epidermal growth factor receptor-protein B kinase-RAF kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway signaling compared to control cells. Thus, our results show that sirtuin 2 inhibition increased the in vitro efficacy of cisplatin against melanoma cells.
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Morandi F, Horenstein AL, Malavasi F. The Key Role of NAD + in Anti-Tumor Immune Response: An Update. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658263. [PMID: 33936090 PMCID: PMC8082456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule that functions as a co-enzyme in numerous metabolic processes. Generated both through de novo synthesis and via salvage pathways, NAD+ is the substrate for a variety of NAD+-consuming enzymes. Among them is CD38, a cell surface ecto-enzyme widely expressed on different types of cells and endowed with the function of cADP-ribose synthases/NAD+ glycohydrolase. Surface CD38 expression is increased in different hematological and solid tumors, where it cooperates with other ecto-enzymes to produce the immunosuppressive molecule adenosine (ADO). Few studies have explored the correlation of NAD+ levels with T-cell mediated anti-tumor response in preclinical models. We therefore discuss these novel findings, examining the possible contribution of NAD+ depletion, along with ADO production, in the immunosuppressive activities of CD38 in the context of human tumors. Lastly, we discuss the use of pharmacological inhibitors of CD38 and supplementation of different NAD+ precursors to increase NAD+ levels and to boost T cell responses. Such molecules may be employed as adjuvant therapies, in combination with standard treatments, for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Leonardo Horenstein
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Torino, Italy
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Fania L, Sampogna F, Ricci F, Hyeraci M, Paradisi A, Palese E, Di Lella G, Pallotta S, Panebianco A, Candi E, Dellambra E, Abeni D. Systemic Photoprotection in Skin Cancer Prevention: Knowledge among Dermatologists. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020332. [PMID: 33672113 PMCID: PMC7926776 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic photoprotection (i.e., administration of substances such as nicotinamide, carotenoids, and vitamin D) may be important to reduce photocarcinogenesis or to support long-term protection against UV irradiation. Clinical trials showed that oral nicotinamide is effective in reducing the onset of new nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), while other oral photoprotectors failed to achieve the reduction of new melanoma or NMSC formation in humans. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge of systemic photoprotection and to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dermatologists regarding these treatments. Methods: The survey was conducted on a sample of dermatologists recruited according to a snowball sampling procedure. The questionnaire consisted of a first part asking for characteristics of the participant and a second part with 12 specific questions on their knowledge about systemic photoprotection, particularly their knowledge of astaxanthin, β-carotene, nicotinamide, and vitamin D3. Results: One hundred eight dermatologists answered the survey. Most of them (85.2%) stated that oral photoprotectors have a role in the prevention of skin cancer, and responses mainly mentioned nicotinamide. More than half of them (54.6%) had prescribed all the considered oral photoprotectors, but the majority of them had prescribed nicotinamide, mainly for 2 to 3 months during summer, almost invariably (n = 106) associated with topical photoprotectors. Most dermatologists (>80%) were aware of scientific publications demonstrating an effect of systemic photoprotectors on NMSC. Conclusions: Most Italian dermatologists have positive views on oral photoprotection in skin cancer and are aware of the demonstrated potential of nicotinamide in the prevention of NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fania
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0666-464-571
| | - Francesca Sampogna
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Francesco Ricci
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Mariafrancesca Hyeraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Andrea Paradisi
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
- Dermatology Unit, “Cristo Re” General Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Palese
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Giovanni Di Lella
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Annarita Panebianco
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Eleonora Candi
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Damiano Abeni
- IDI-IRCCS, Dermatological Research Hospital, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (F.R.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (G.D.L.); (S.P.); (A.P.); (E.C.); (E.D.); (D.A.)
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