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Cognitive Profiles of Children with Low Motor Performance: A Contribution to the Validation of the WPPSI-IV. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050619. [PMID: 35626796 PMCID: PMC9139465 DOI: 10.3390/children9050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common developmental disorder of preschool age. Children often show cognitive deficits in addition to motor problems. Various studies point in particular to problems in visual perception, working memory and processing speed. In this context, it is investigated whether the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale-IV (WPPSI-IV) is a suitable instrument for mapping these deficits in a valid and economical way. (2) Methods: The WPPSI-IV profiles of children with DCD (n = 12), below-average motor performance (n = 22) and a control group (n = 32) were compared. (3) Results: Children with DCD achieved significantly poorer test performance in the primary indices Verbal Comprehension, Visual Spatial, Processing Speed and Full Scale compared to a control group. Children with below-average motor skills, on the other hand, do not differ from the children in the control group. (4) Conclusions: The WPPSI-IV is a suitable instrument for diagnosing cognitive deficits in the context of DCD. The Fluid Reasoning and Verbal Comprehension indices should be used as a supplement to assess cognitive performance levels.
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Gagné MP, Richebé P, Loubert C, Drolet P, Gobert Q, Denault A, Zaphiratos V. Ultrasound evaluation of inferior vena cava compression in tilted and supine term parturients. Can J Anaesth 2021; 68:1507-1513. [PMID: 34212308 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-02051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypotension is common following spinal anesthesia (SA) during elective Cesarean delivery (CD). Although common practice is to alleviate inferior vena cava (IVC) compression, limited evidence supports a 15° tilt for CD. We measured collapsibility of the IVC in supine and 15° left lateral tilt positions with ultrasound before and after SA and phenylephrine infusion in term parturients. METHODS Twenty term parturients scheduled for CD were recruited for this prospective study. Ultrasound measurements of the IVC were taken 1) supine before SA, 2) tilted 15° before SA, 3) supine after SA, and 4) tilted 15° after SA. A phenylephrine infusion was begun after injection of SA. The primary outcome was to evaluate the impact of position on the IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI): a measure of the difference between the maximum and minimum IVC diameter with respiration. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) IVCCI (%) before SA was higher in the supine 19.5 (8.0) than in the tilted 15.0 (6.4) position (mean difference, 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1 to 8.9; P = 0.04). After SA, there was no significant difference between IVCCI (%) in the supine 17.8 (8.3) and tilted 14.2 (6.9) position (mean difference, 3.5; 95% CI, -0.9 to 7.9; P = 0.13). There was no correlation between the pre-spinal IVVCI measurements and the quantity of phenylephrine used during the surgery. CONCLUSION The IVCCI was lower in the 15° tilt position than in the supine position, but not after SA with a phenylephrine infusion. Ultrasound imaging can help identify IVC compression. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03410199); registered 18 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Gagné
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montreal (CEMTL), University of Montreal, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Philippe Richebé
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montreal (CEMTL), University of Montreal, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Christian Loubert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montreal (CEMTL), University of Montreal, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Pierre Drolet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montreal (CEMTL), University of Montreal, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Quentin Gobert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montreal (CEMTL), University of Montreal, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - André Denault
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Division, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valerie Zaphiratos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, CIUSSS de l'Est de l'Ile de Montreal (CEMTL), University of Montreal, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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