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Kiaheyrati N, Babaei A, Ranji R, Bahadoran E, Taheri S, Farokhpour Z. Cancer therapy with the viral and bacterial pathogens: The past enemies can be considered the present allies. Life Sci 2024; 349:122734. [PMID: 38788973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide despite significant advancements in cancer treatment. Many difficulties have arisen as a result of the detrimental consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a common cancer therapy, such as drug inability to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and also the drug resistance in tumor cells continues to be a major concern. These obstacles have increased the need for the development of new techniques that are more selective and effective against cancer cells. Bacterial-based therapies and the use of oncolytic viruses can suppress cancer in comparison to other cancer medications. The tumor microenvironment is susceptible to bacterial accumulation and proliferation, which can trigger immune responses against the tumor. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have also gained considerable attention in recent years because of their potential capability to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest literature on the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, discusses the limitations and challenges, outlines various strategies, summarizes recent preclinical and clinical trials, and emphasizes the importance of optimizing current strategies for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Kiaheyrati
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Reza Ranji
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shiva Taheri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Farokhpour
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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2
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Zhang N, Li J, Yu J, Wan Y, Zhang C, Zhang H, Cao Y. Construction of an IL12 and CXCL11 armed oncolytic herpes simplex virus using the CRISPR/Cas9 system for colon cancer treatment. Virus Res 2023; 323:198979. [PMID: 36283533 PMCID: PMC10194376 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are an emerging cancer treatment modality with promising results in clinical trials. The new generation of oncolytic viruses are genetically modified to enhance virus selectivity for tumor cells and allow local expression of therapeutic genes in tumors. The traditional technique for viral genome engineering based on homologous recombination using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system is laborious and time-consuming. With the advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the efficiency of gene editing in human cells and other organisms has dramatically increased. In this report, we successfully applied the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to construct an HSV-based oncolytic virus, where the ICP34.5 coding region was replaced with the therapeutic genes murine interleukin 12 (IL12, p40-p35) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), and ICP47 gene was deleted. The combination of IL12 and CXCL11 in oncolytic viruses showed considerable promise in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Overall, our study describes genetic modification of the HSV-1 genome using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and provides evidence from principle studies for engineering of the HSV genome to express foreign genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianchao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingxuan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Youjia Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Alluqmani N, Jirovec A, Taha Z, Varette O, Chen A, Serrano D, Maznyi G, Khan S, Forbes NE, Arulanandam R, Auer RC, Diallo JS. Vanadyl sulfate-enhanced oncolytic virus immunotherapy mediates the antitumor immune response by upregulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032356. [PMID: 36532027 PMCID: PMC9749062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising anticancer treatments that specifically replicate in and kill cancer cells and have profound immunostimulatory effects. We previously reported the potential of vanadium-based compounds such as vanadyl sulfate (VS) as immunostimulatory enhancers of OV immunotherapy. These compounds, in conjunction with RNA-based OVs such as oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔ51), improve viral spread and oncolysis, leading to long-term antitumor immunity and prolonged survival in resistant tumor models. This effect is associated with a virus-induced antiviral type I IFN response shifting towards a type II IFN response in the presence of vanadium. Here, we investigated the systemic impact of VS+VSVΔ51 combination therapy to understand the immunological mechanism of action leading to improved antitumor responses. VS+VSVΔ51 combination therapy significantly increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-6, and improved tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. Supported by immunological profiling and as a proof of concept for the design of more effective therapeutic regimens, we found that local delivery of IL-12 using VSVΔ51 in combination with VS further improved therapeutic outcomes in a syngeneic CT26WT colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Alluqmani
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada,Research Center, Molecular Oncology Department King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Jirovec
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Varette
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Chen
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Serrano
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glib Maznyi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarwat Khan
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole E. Forbes
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Jean-Simon Diallo,
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Recombinant Viral Vectors for Therapeutic Programming of Tumour Microenvironment: Advantages and Limitations. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092142. [PMID: 36140243 PMCID: PMC9495732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors have been widely investigated as tools for cancer immunotherapy. Although many preclinical studies demonstrate significant virus-mediated tumour inhibition in synergy with immune checkpoint molecules and other drugs, the clinical success of viral vector applications in cancer therapy currently is limited. A number of challenges have to be solved to translate promising vectors to clinics. One of the key elements of successful virus-based cancer immunotherapy is the understanding of the tumour immune state and the development of vectors to modify the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated immune cells, as the main component of TME, support tumour progression through multiple pathways inducing resistance to treatment and promoting cancer cell escape mechanisms. In this review, we consider DNA and RNA virus vectors delivering immunomodulatory genes (cytokines, chemokines, co-stimulatory molecules, antibodies, etc.) and discuss how these viruses break an immunosuppressive cell development and switch TME to an immune-responsive “hot” state. We highlight the advantages and limitations of virus vectors for targeted therapeutic programming of tumour immune cell populations and tumour stroma, and propose future steps to establish viral vectors as a standard, efficient, safe, and non-toxic cancer immunotherapy approach that can complement other promising treatment strategies, e.g., checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T, and advanced chemotherapeutics.
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Drakopoulou E, Anagnou NP, Pappa KI. Gene Therapy for Malignant and Benign Gynaecological Disorders: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Success Story. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133238. [PMID: 35805007 PMCID: PMC9265289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review discusses all the major advances in gene therapy of gynaecological disorders, highlighting the novel and potentially therapeutic perspectives associated with such an approach. It specifically focuses on the gene therapy strategies against major gynaecological malignant disorders, such as ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer, as well as benign disorders, such as uterine leiomyomas, endometriosis, placental, and embryo implantation disorders. The above therapeutic strategies, which employ both viral and non-viral systems for mutation compensation, suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, antiangiogenesis and immunopotentiation approaches, have yielded promising results over the last decade, setting the grounds for successful clinical trials. Abstract Despite the major advances in screening and therapeutic approaches, gynaecological malignancies still present as a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Cervical cancer, although largely preventable through vaccination and regular screening, remains the fourth most common and most lethal cancer type in women, while the available treatment schemes still pose a fertility threat. Ovarian cancer is associated with high morbidity rates, primarily due to lack of symptoms and high relapse rates following treatment, whereas endometrial cancer, although usually curable by surgery, it still represents a therapeutic problem. On the other hand, benign abnormalities, such as fibroids, endometriosis, placental, and embryo implantation disorders, although not life-threatening, significantly affect women’s life and fertility and have high socio-economic impacts. In the last decade, targeted gene therapy approaches toward both malignant and benign gynaecological abnormalities have led to promising results, setting the ground for successful clinical trials. The above therapeutic strategies employ both viral and non-viral systems for mutation compensation, suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, antiangiogenesis and immunopotentiation. This review discusses all the major advances in gene therapy of gynaecological disorders and highlights the novel and potentially therapeutic perspectives associated with such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekati Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Nicholas P. Anagnou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (K.I.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kalliopi I. Pappa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (K.I.P.)
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece
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6
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Tian Y, Xie D, Yang L. Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 35387984 PMCID: PMC8987060 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. In addition to direct oncolysis, the essential and attractive aspect of oncolytic virotherapy is based on the intrinsic induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. To further augment this efficacious response, OVs have been genetically engineered to express immune regulators that enhance or restore antitumor immunity. Recently, combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), have led to promising progress in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs, describes the optimization strategies for using armed OVs to enhance the effects of antitumor immunity and highlights rational combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 519, Huixing Road, 643000, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Hoare JI, Osmani B, O'Sullivan EA, Browne A, Campbell N, Metcalf S, Nicolini F, Saxena J, Martin SA, Lockley M. Carvedilol targets β-arrestins to rewire innate immunity and improve oncolytic adenoviral therapy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:106. [PMID: 35115660 PMCID: PMC8813932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are being tested in clinical trials, including in women with ovarian cancer. We use a drug-repurposing approach to identify existing drugs that enhance the activity of oncolytic adenoviruses. This reveals that carvedilol, a β-arrestin-biased β-blocker, synergises with both wild-type adenovirus and the E1A-CR2-deleted oncolytic adenovirus, dl922-947. Synergy is not due to β-adrenergic blockade but is dependent on β-arrestins and is reversed by β-arrestin CRISPR gene editing. Co-treatment with dl922-947 and carvedilol causes increased viral DNA replication, greater viral protein expression and higher titres of infectious viral particles. Carvedilol also enhances viral efficacy in orthotopic, intraperitoneal murine models, achieving more rapid tumour clearance than virus alone. Increased anti-cancer activity is associated with an intratumoural inflammatory cell infiltrate and systemic cytokine release. In summary, carvedilol augments the activity of oncolytic adenoviruses via β-arrestins to re-wire cytokine networks and innate immunity and could therefore improve oncolytic viruses for cancer patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Hoare
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bleona Osmani
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily A O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Browne
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Metcalf
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Nicolini
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jayeta Saxena
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Cancer Services, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
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8
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Quinn CH, Beierle AM, Hutchins SC, Marayati R, Bownes LV, Stewart JE, Markert HR, Erwin MH, Aye JM, Yoon KJ, Friedman GK, Willey CD, Markert JM, Beierle EA. Targeting High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patient-Derived Xenografts with Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030762. [PMID: 35159029 PMCID: PMC8834037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease in children, and over 15% of pediatric cancer-related mortalities are due to neuroblastoma. Current treatment options for neuroblastoma remain suboptimal as they often have significant toxicities, are associated with long-term side effects, and result in disease relapse in over half of children with high-risk disease. There is a dire need for new therapies, and oncolytic viruses may represent an effective solution. Oncolytic viruses attack tumor cells in two ways: direct infection of tumor cells leading to cytolysis, and production of a debris field that stimulates an anti-tumor immune response. Our group has previously shown that M002, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), genetically engineered to express murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12), was effective at targeting and killing long term passage tumor cell lines. In the current study, we investigated M002 in three neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). PDXs better recapitulate the human condition, and these studies were designed to gather robust data for translation to a clinical trial. We found that all three PDXs expressed viral entry receptors, and that the virus actively replicated in the cells. M002 caused significant tumor cell death in 2D culture and 3D bioprinted tumor models. Finally, the PDXs displayed variable susceptibility to M002, with a more profound effect on high-risk neuroblastoma PDXs compared to low-risk PDX. These findings validate the importance of incorporating PDXs for preclinical testing of oncolytic viral therapeutics and showcase a novel technique, 3D bioprinting, to test therapies in PDXs. Collectively, our data indicate that oHSVs effectively target high-risk neuroblastoma, and support the advancement of this therapy to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H. Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Andee M. Beierle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.B.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Sara Claire Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Laura V. Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Michael H. Erwin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Jamie M. Aye
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.C.H.); (J.M.A.); (G.K.F.)
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (A.M.B.); (C.D.W.)
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (C.H.Q.); (R.M.); (L.V.B.); (J.E.S.); (H.R.M.); (M.H.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-638-9688
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9
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Xie X, Lv J, Zhu W, Tian C, Li J, Liu J, Zhou H, Sun C, Hu Z, Li X. The combination therapy of oncolytic HSV-1 armed with anti-PD-1 antibody and IL-12 enhances anti-tumor efficacy. Transl Oncol 2022; 15:101287. [PMID: 34808461 PMCID: PMC8607272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment that targets tumors by improving or restoring immune system function. Therapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules have exerted potent anti-tumor effects and prolonged the overall survival rate of patients. However, only a small number of patients benefit from the treatment. Oncolytic viruses exert anti-tumor effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment and affecting multiple steps of tumor immune circulation. In this study, we engineered two oncolytic viruses that express mouse anti-PD-1 antibody (VT1093M) or mouse IL-12 (VT1092M). We found that both oncolytic viruses showed significant anti-tumor effects in a murine CT26 colon adenocarcinoma model. Importantly, the intratumoral combined injection with VT1092M and VT1093M inhibited growth of the primary tumor, prevented growth of the contralateral untreated tumor, produced a vaccine-like response, activated antigen-specific T cell responses and prolonged the overall survival rate of mice. These results indicate that combination therapy with the engineered oncolytic virus may represent a potent immunotherapy strategy for cancer patients, especially those resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005, China
| | - Jingwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005, China; Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunyang Sun
- Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zongfeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai Shandong 264005, China; Beijing WellGene Company, Ltd, Beijing 100085, China.
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10
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Leleux JA, Albershardt TC, Reeves R, James R, Krull J, Parsons AJ, ter Meulen J, Berglund P. Intratumoral expression of IL-12 from lentiviral or RNA vectors acts synergistically with TLR4 agonist (GLA) to generate anti-tumor immunological memory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259301. [PMID: 34855754 PMCID: PMC8638928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic interleukin-12 (IL12) anti-tumor therapy is highly potent but has had limited utility in the clinic due to severe toxicity. Here, we present two IL12-expressing vector platforms, both of which can overcome the deficiencies of previous systemic IL12 therapies: 1) an integrating lentiviral vector, and 2) a self-replicating messenger RNA formulated with polyethyleneimine. Intratumoral administration of either IL12 vector platform resulted in recruitment of immune cells, including effector T cells and dendritic cells, and the complete remission of established tumors in multiple murine models. Furthermore, concurrent intratumoral administration of the synthetic TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid A formulated in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE) induced systemic memory T cell responses that mediated complete protection against tumor rechallenge in all survivor mice (8/8 rechallenged mice), whereas only 2/6 total rechallenged mice treated with intratrumoral IL12 monotherapy rejected the rechallenge. Taken together, expression of vectorized IL12 in combination with a TLR4 agonist represents a varied approach to broaden the applicability of intratumoral immune therapies of solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-12/blood
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lipid A/pharmacology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/agonists
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin A. Leleux
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tina C. Albershardt
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Reeves
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Reice James
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jordan Krull
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jan ter Meulen
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Peter Berglund
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
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11
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Jahan N, Ghouse SM, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD. In Situ Cancer Vaccination and Immunovirotherapy Using Oncolytic HSV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091740. [PMID: 34578321 PMCID: PMC8473045 DOI: 10.3390/v13091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be genetically altered to acquire oncolytic properties so that oncolytic HSV (oHSV) preferentially replicates in and kills cancer cells, while sparing normal cells, and inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Over the last three decades, a better understanding of HSV genes and functions, and improved genetic-engineering techniques led to the development of oHSV as a novel immunovirotherapy. The concept of in situ cancer vaccination (ISCV) was first introduced when oHSV was found to induce a specific systemic anti-tumor immune response with an abscopal effect on non-injected tumors, in the process of directly killing tumor cells. Thus, the use of oHSV for tumor vaccination in situ is antigen-agnostic. The research and development of oHSVs have moved rapidly, with the field of oncolytic viruses invigorated by the FDA/EMA approval of oHSV talimogene laherparepvec in 2015 for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Immunovirotherapy can be enhanced by arming oHSV with immunomodulatory transgenes and/or using them in combination with other chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents. This review offers an overview of the development of oHSV as an agent for ISCV against solid tumors, describing the multitude of different oHSVs and their efficacy in immunocompetent mouse models and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (N.J.); (S.M.G.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Shanawaz M. Ghouse
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (N.J.); (S.M.G.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Robert L. Martuza
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (N.J.); (S.M.G.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN-3800, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Therapies for Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061541. [PMID: 34207386 PMCID: PMC8235327 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased worldwide burden of cancer, including aggressive and resistant cancers, oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a viable therapeutic option. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) can be genetically engineered to target cancer cells while sparing normal cells. This leads to the direct killing of cancer cells and the activation of the host immunity to recognize and attack the tumor. Different variants of oHSV have been developed to optimize its antitumor effects. In this review, we discuss the development of oHSV, its antitumor mechanism of action and the clinical trials that have employed oHSV variants to treat different types of tumor.
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13
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Seyed-Khorrami SM, Soleimanjahi H, Soudi S, Habibian A. MSCs loaded with oncolytic reovirus: migration and in vivo virus delivery potential for evaluating anti-cancer effect in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 33933086 PMCID: PMC8088007 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Several oncolytic viruses applications have been approved in the clinic or in different phases of clinical trials. However, these methods have some rudimentary problems. Therefore, to enhance the delivery and quality of treatment, considering the advantage of cell carrier-based methods such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) have been proposed. This study was designed to evaluate the performance and quality of cancer treatment based on MSCs loaded by oncolytic reovirus in the cancerous C57BL/6 mouse model. Also, we evaluated MSCs migration potency in vitro and in vivo following the oncolytic reovirus infection. Methods C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with TC-1 cell lines and tumors were established in the right flank. Mice were systemically treated with reovirus, MSCs-loaded with reovirus, MSCs, and PBS as a control in separated groups. Effects of infected AD-MSCs with reovirus on tumor growth and penetration in the tumor site were monitored. All groups of mice were monitored for two months in order to therapeutic and anticancer potential. After treatments, tumor size alteration and apoptosis rate, as well as cytokine release pattern was assessed. Results The results of the current study indicated that the effect of reovirus infection on AD-MSCs is not devastating the migration capacity especially in MOI 1 and 5 while intact cells remain. On the other hand, MSCs play an efficient role as a carrier to deliver oncolytic virus into the tumor site in comparison with systemic administration of reovirus alone. Apoptosis intensity relies on viral titration and passing time. Followed by systemic administration, treatment with oncolytic reovirus-infected AD-MSCs and MSCs alone had shown significant inhibition in tumor growth. Also, treatment by reovirus causes an increase in IFN-γ secretion. Conclusion The results of in vitro and in vivo study confirmed the tumor-homing properties of infected AD-MSCs and the significant antitumor activity of this platform. Hence, our results showed that the cell carrier strategy using oncolytic reovirus-loaded AD-MSCs enhanced virus delivery, infiltration, and antitumor activity can be effectively applied in most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ala Habibian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Wu Y, Li J, Shin HJ. Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:25-38. [PMID: 33584104 PMCID: PMC7872722 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical manipulation for displaying of targeted moieties together with encapsulation of various payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. The drug delivery system based on VNPs offer diverse advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high uptake capability. Here we summarize the recent progress of VNPs especially as targeted anticancer vehicles from the encapsulation and surface modification mechanisms, involved viruses and VNPs, to their application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Wu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Korea
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15
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Yuan L, An Q, Liu T, Song J. Classification and clinical value of three immune subtypes of ovarian cancer based on transcriptome data. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1987339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang An
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Demircan NC, Boussios S, Tasci T, Öztürk MA. Current and future immunotherapy approaches in ovarian cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1714. [PMID: 33490226 PMCID: PMC7812210 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the major cause of gynecologic cancer deaths and relapse is common despite advances in surgery and systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, novel treatments are required to improve long-term outcomes of the disease. Efficacy of immunotherapy was demonstrated in many tumors and it has been since incorporated into clinical practice for them. Although early data form preclinical studies imply that OC has an immunogenic microenvironment, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) did not produce favorable results in clinical trials to date. This review will highlight data from clinical studies regarding immunotherapy in OC and its combination with other agents as well as immunologic prospects which could strengthen the therapeutic armament against the disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazım Can Demircan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, Kent, UK.,AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki - Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tolga Tasci
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Öztürk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Jamieson TR, Poutou J, Ilkow CS. Redirecting oncolytic viruses: Engineering opportunists to take control of the tumour microenvironment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:102-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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García-Martínez E, Pérez-Fidalgo JA. Immunotherapies in ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2020; 15:87-95. [PMID: 33240447 PMCID: PMC7573463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death for gynaecological cancer, and new therapies are urgently awaited. Although the presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes has been confirmed to be associated to a better prognosis, immunotherapy is not yet incorporated to the armamentarium in ovarian cancer. This review briefly summarises the strategies that have been tested or are under study for the three different groups of tumours: immune desert, inflamed and immune-excluded ovarian tumours. Finally, a better knowledge of the biology and immune microenvironment is needed for successfully developing new immunotherapy strategies. Immune ovarian cancer subtypes could improve the selection patients for immunotherapy. Very frequently ovarian cancer needs to be converted in an inflamed tumour. Checkpoints inhibitor combinations are well designed and very promising in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martínez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Murcia, Spain
| | - J Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario (GEICO), Valencia, Spain
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19
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Kim KJ, Moon D, Kong SJ, Lee YS, Yoo Y, Kim S, Kim C, Chon HJ, Kim JH, Choi KJ. Antitumor effects of IL-12 and GM-CSF co-expressed in an engineered oncolytic HSV-1. Gene Ther 2020; 28:186-198. [PMID: 33149278 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses selectively replicate and destroy cancer cells while sparing normal cells, prompting their recognition as promising antitumor agents. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is suitable as an anticancer agent, given its considerable therapeutic gene capacity and excellent safety profile in clinical trials. Interleukin (IL)-12 induces a Th1-type immune response that mediates interferon (IFN)-γ release from natural killer (NK), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces the generation of antigen-presenting cells and promotes dendritic cell differentiation. We established a novel oncolytic HSV-1 (∆6/GM/IL12) co-expressing IL-12 and GM-CSF and tested its effects against a B16-F10 murine melanoma model. ∆6/GM/IL12 administration diminished tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to treatment with ∆6/GM or ∆6/IL12 expressing each individual cytokine. Flow cytometry and histological analysis showed increased activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in ∆6/GM/IL12-treated mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay showed an increase in the phenotypically characterized IFN-γ-producing cell population in ∆6/GM/IL12-treated mice. Moreover, ∆6/GM/IL12 induced a B16-F10-specific cytotoxic immune response that enhanced IFN-γ production by CD3+CD8+ T cells. Therefore, IL-12 and GM-CSF from an engineered oncolytic HSV have a synergistic effect, boosting the immune response to increase their antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Microbiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of the Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dahye Moon
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Microbiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of the Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Jung Kong
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Seong Lee
- Graduate School of the Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Youngeun Yoo
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Microbiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Graduate School of the Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Microbiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo-Hang Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ju Choi
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Microbiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea. .,Graduate School of the Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
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20
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Nguyen KG, Vrabel MR, Mantooth SM, Hopkins JJ, Wagner ES, Gabaldon TA, Zaharoff DA. Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575597. [PMID: 33178203 PMCID: PMC7593768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable antitumor efficacy in preclinical models has yet to be replicated in humans. Early clinical trials in the mid-1990's showed that systemic delivery of IL-12 incurred dose-limiting toxicities. Nevertheless, IL-12's pleiotropic activity, i.e., its ability to engage multiple effector mechanisms and reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression, continues to entice cancer researchers. The development of strategies which maximize IL-12 delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing systemic exposure are of increasing interest. Diverse IL-12 delivery systems, from immunocytokine fusions to polymeric nanoparticles, have demonstrated robust antitumor immunity with reduced adverse events in preclinical studies. Several localized IL-12 delivery approaches have recently reached the clinical stage with several more at the precipice of translation. Taken together, localized delivery systems are supporting an IL-12 renaissance which may finally allow this potent cytokine to fulfill its considerable clinical potential. This review begins with a brief historical account of cytokine monotherapies and describes how IL-12 went from promising new cure to ostracized black sheep following multiple on-study deaths. The bulk of this comprehensive review focuses on developments in diverse localized delivery strategies for IL-12-based cancer immunotherapies. Advantages and limitations of different delivery technologies are highlighted. Finally, perspectives on how IL-12-based immunotherapies may be utilized for widespread clinical application in the very near future are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue G Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Maura R Vrabel
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Siena M Mantooth
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jared J Hopkins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ethan S Wagner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Taylor A Gabaldon
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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21
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Martinez A, Delord JP, Ayyoub M, Devaud C. Preclinical and Clinical Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1761. [PMID: 32630708 PMCID: PMC7409311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the immune system has increasingly been recognized as a major player in tumor cell control, leading to considerable advances in cancer treatment. While promising with regards to melanoma, renal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy provides, for the time being, limited success in other cancers, including ovarian cancer, potentially due to insufficient immunogenicity or to a particularly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we provide a global description of the immune context of ovarian cancer, in particular epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We describe the adaptive and innate components involved in the EOC immune response, including infiltrating tumor-specific T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer and myeloid cells. In addition, we highlight the rationale behind the use of EOC preclinical mouse models to assess resistance to immunotherapy, and we summarize the main preclinical studies that yielded anti-EOC immunotherapeutic strategies. Finally, we focus on major published or ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials concerning EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martinez
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Devaud
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
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22
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Wang M, Luo Y, Sun T, Mao C, Jiang Y, Yu X, Li Z, Xie T, Wu F, Yan H, Teng L. The Ectopic Expression of SurvivinT34A and FilC Can Enhance the Oncolytic Effects of Vaccinia Virus in Murine Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1011-1025. [PMID: 32099404 PMCID: PMC7006861 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Anti-tumor vaccines have been shown to be effective in cancer therapeutics ever since the anti-HPV vaccine was developed. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, anti-tumor vaccines can specifically target cancer cells and they have lower side effects. We developed a recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) (Western Reserve) WR strain, and we tested its anti-tumor effects in an animal model. Methods A recombinant VACV WR strain expressing mutant survivin T34A (SurT34A) and FilC was constructed and validated. Its oncolytic effect was tested in vitro using a CCK-8 assay, and its tolerance and anti-tumor effects were tested in a murine gastric cancer model. The proportion of lymphocytes in the spleen and tumor was determined after antibody-mediated immuno-depletion. Results The recombinant VACV showed a stronger replication ability in tumor cells, and it was safe in vivo, even at high doses. The combination of vv-SurT34A and vv-FilC resulted in a stronger anti-tumor effect compared to either construct alone. However, the inhibitory effect of vv-SurT34A was stronger than the combination. The recombinant VACV activated the host immune response, as indicated by lymphocyte infiltration in the spleen and tumor tissues. Conclusion The recombinant VACV WR strain expressing SurT34A and FilC is a safe and effective anti-tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxi Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Oncolytic Virus Encoding a Master Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 12 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020400. [PMID: 32050597 PMCID: PMC7072539 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are genetically modified or naturally occurring viruses, which preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, and induce anti-tumor immunity. OV-induced tumor immunity can be enhanced through viral expression of anti-tumor cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL-12). IL-12 is a potent anti-cancer agent that promotes T-helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, facilitates T-cell-mediated killing of cancer cells, and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Despite success in preclinical models, systemic IL-12 therapy is associated with significant toxicity in humans. Therefore, to utilize the therapeutic potential of IL-12 in OV-based cancer therapy, 25 different IL-12 expressing OVs (OV-IL12s) have been genetically engineered for local IL-12 production and tested preclinically in various cancer models. Among OV-IL12s, oncolytic herpes simplex virus encoding IL-12 (OHSV-IL12) is the furthest along in the clinic. IL-12 expression locally in the tumors avoids systemic toxicity while inducing an efficient anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with anti-angiogenic drugs or immunomodulators without compromising safety. Despite the rapidly rising interest, there are no current reviews on OV-IL12s that exploit their potential efficacy and safety to translate into human subjects. In this article, we will discuss safety, tumor-specificity, and anti-tumor immune/anti-angiogenic effects of OHSV-IL12 as mono- and combination-therapies. In addition to OHSV-IL12 viruses, we will also review other IL-12-expressing OVs and their application in cancer therapy.
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Eradication of glioblastoma by immuno-virotherapy with a retargeted oncolytic HSV in a preclinical model. Oncogene 2019; 38:4467-4479. [PMID: 30755732 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses are proving to be effective in clinical trials against a number of cancers. Here, R-115, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus retargeted to human erbB-2, fully virulent in its target cells, and armed with murine interleukin-12 was evaluated in a murine model of glioblastoma. We show that a single R-115 injection in established tumors resulted, in about 30% of animals, in the complete eradication of the tumor, otherwise invariably lethal. The treatment also induced a significant improvement in the overall median survival time of mice and a resistance to recurrence from the same neoplasia. Such a high degree of protection was unprecedented; it was not observed before following treatments with the commonly used, mutated/attenuated oncolytic viruses. This is the first study providing the evidence of benefits offered by a fully virulent, retargeted, and armed herpes simplex virus in the treatment of glioblastoma and paves the way for clinical translation.
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Sánchez D, Cesarman-Maus G, Amador-Molina A, Lizano M. Oncolytic Viruses for Canine Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110404. [PMID: 30373251 PMCID: PMC6266482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has been investigated for several decades and is emerging as a plausible biological therapy with several ongoing clinical trials and two viruses are now approved for cancer treatment in humans. The direct cytotoxicity and immune-stimulatory effects make oncolytic viruses an interesting strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo published studies of oncolytic viruses in different phases of evaluation in dogs, using PubMed and Google scholar as search platforms, without time restrictions (to date). Natural and genetically modified oncolytic viruses were evaluated with some encouraging results. The most studied viruses to date are the reovirus, myxoma virus, and vaccinia, tested mostly in solid tumors such as osteosarcomas, mammary gland tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and mastocytomas. Although the results are promising, there are issues that need addressing such as ensuring tumor specificity, developing optimal dosing, circumventing preexisting antibodies from previous exposure or the development of antibodies during treatment, and assuring a reasonable safety profile, all of which are required in order to make this approach a successful therapy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Cesarman-Maus
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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Leoni V, Vannini A, Gatta V, Rambaldi J, Sanapo M, Barboni C, Zaghini A, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Casiraghi C, Campadelli-Fiume G. A fully-virulent retargeted oncolytic HSV armed with IL-12 elicits local immunity and vaccine therapy towards distant tumors. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007209. [PMID: 30080893 PMCID: PMC6095629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) showed efficacy in clinical trials and practice. Most of them gain cancer-specificity from deletions/mutations in genes that counteract the host response, and grow selectively in cancer cells defective in anti-viral response. Because of the deletions/mutations, they are frequently attenuated or over-attenuated. We developed next-generation oHSVs, which carry no deletion/mutation, gain cancer-specificity from specific retargeting to tumor cell receptors-e.g. HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-hence are fully-virulent in the targeted cancer cells. The type of immunotherapy they elicit was not predictable, since non-attenuated HSVs induce and then dampen the innate response, whereas deleted/attenuated viruses fail to contrast it, and since the retargeted oHSVs replicate efficiently in tumor cells, but spare other cells in the tumor. We report on the first efficacy study of HER2-retargeted, fully-virulent oHSVs in immunocompetent mice. Their safety profile was very high. Both the unarmed R-LM113 and the IL-12-armed R-115 inhibited the growth of the primary HER2-Lewis lung carcinoma-1 (HER2-LLC1) tumor, R-115 being constantly more efficacious. All the mice that did not die because of the primary treated tumors, were protected from the growth of contralateral untreated tumors. The long-term survivors were protected from a second contralateral tumor, providing additional evidence for an abscopal immunotherapeutic effect. Analysis of the local response highlighted that particularly R-115 unleashed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, i.e. induced immunomodulatory cytokines, including IFNγ, T-bet which promoted Th1 polarization. Some of the tumor infiltrating cells, e.g. CD4+, CD335+ cells were increased in the tumors of all responders mice, irrespective of which virus was employed, whereas CD8+, Foxp3+, CD141+ were increased and CD11b+ cells were decreased preferentially in R-115-treated mice. The durable response included a breakage of tolerance towards both HER2 and the wt tumor cells, and underscored a systemic immunotherapeutic vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Leoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julie Rambaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Sanapo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Barboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Casiraghi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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McCloskey CW, Rodriguez GM, Galpin KJC, Vanderhyden BC. Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy: Preclinical Models and Emerging Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080244. [PMID: 30049987 PMCID: PMC6115831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for ovarian cancer treatment. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key factor to consider when stimulating antitumoral responses as it consists largely of tumor promoting immunosuppressive cell types that attenuate antitumor immunity. As our understanding of the determinants of the TME composition grows, we have begun to appreciate the need to address both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, mutation/neoantigen burden, immune landscape, and stromal cell contributions. The majority of immunotherapy studies in ovarian cancer have been performed using the well-characterized murine ID8 ovarian carcinoma model. Numerous other animal models of ovarian cancer exist, but have been underutilized because of their narrow initial characterizations in this context. Here, we describe animal models that may be untapped resources for the immunotherapy field because of their shared genomic alterations and histopathology with human ovarian cancer. We also shed light on the strengths and limitations of these models, and the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to enhance the utility of preclinical models for testing novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W McCloskey
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Kristianne J C Galpin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Menotti L, Avitabile E, Gatta V, Malatesta P, Petrovic B, Campadelli-Fiume G. HSV as A Platform for the Generation of Retargeted, Armed, and Reporter-Expressing Oncolytic Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E352. [PMID: 29966356 PMCID: PMC6070899 DOI: 10.3390/v10070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we engineered oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (o-HSVs) retargeted to the HER2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2) tumor cell specific receptor by the insertion of a single chain antibody (scFv) to HER2 in gD, gH, or gB. Here, the insertion of scFvs to three additional cancer targets—EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), EGFRvIII, and PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen)—in gD Δ6–38 enabled the generation of specifically retargeted o-HSVs. Viable recombinants resulted from the insertion of an scFv in place of aa 6–38, but not in place of aa 61–218. Hence, only the gD N-terminus accepted all tested scFv inserts. Additionally, the insertion of mIL12 in the US1-US2 intergenic region of the HER2- or EGFRvIII-retargeted o-HSVs, and the further insertion of Gaussia Luciferase, gave rise to viable recombinants capable of secreting the cytokine and the reporter. Lastly, we engineered two known mutations in gB; they increased the ability of an HER2-retargeted recombinant to spread among murine cells. Altogether, current data show that the o-HSV carrying the aa 6–38 deletion in gD serves as a platform for the specific retargeting of o-HSV tropism to a number of human cancer targets, and the retargeted o-HSVs serve as simultaneous vectors for two molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Elisa Avitabile
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy.
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS per l'Oncologia, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Biljana Petrovic
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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29
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Áyen Á, Jiménez Martínez Y, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H. Recent Progress in Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071930. [PMID: 29966369 PMCID: PMC6073662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in developed countries. This is due to the lack of specific symptoms that hinder early diagnosis and to the high relapse rate after treatment with radical surgery and chemotherapy. Hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in ovarian malignancy are needed. Progress in gene therapy has allowed the development of several strategies against ovarian cancer. Most are focused on the design of improved vectors to enhance gene delivery on the one hand, and, on the other hand, on the development of new therapeutic tools based on the restoration or destruction of a deregulated gene, the use of suicide genes, genetic immunopotentiation, the inhibition of tumour angiogenesis, the alteration of pharmacological resistance, and oncolytic virotherapy. In the present manuscript, we review the recent advances made in gene therapy for ovarian cancer, highlighting the latest clinical trials experience, the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Áyen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Jiménez Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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30
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Nguyen T, Avci NG, Shin DH, Martinez-Velez N, Jiang H. Tune Up In Situ Autovaccination against Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E171. [PMID: 29857493 PMCID: PMC6025332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the progress of immunotherapy in cancer, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted more and more attention during the past decade. Due to their cancer-selective and immunogenic properties, OVs are considered ideal candidates to be combined with immunotherapy to increase both specificity and efficacy in cancer treatment. OVs preferentially replicate in and lyse cancer cells, resulting in in situ autovaccination leading to adaptive anti-virus and anti-tumor immunity. The main challenge in OV approaches is how to redirect the host immunity from anti-virus to anti-tumor and optimize the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Here, we summarize the conceptual updates on oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer, and the development of strategies to enhance the virus-mediated anti-tumor immune response, including: (1) arm OVs with cytokines to modulate innate and adaptive immunity; (2) combining OVs with immune checkpoint inhibitors to release T cell inhibition; (3) combining OVs with immune co-stimulators to enhance T cell activation. Future studies need to be enforced on developing strategies to augment the systemic effect on metastasized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nguyen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Naze G Avci
- Neurosurgery Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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