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Tayanloo-Beik A, Eslami A, Sarvari M, Jalaeikhoo H, Rajaeinejad M, Nikandish M, Faridfar A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Arjmand B. Extracellular vesicles and cancer stem cells: a deadly duo in tumor progression. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1411736. [PMID: 39091989 PMCID: PMC11291337 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1411736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is increasing, with estimates suggesting that there will be 26 million new cases and 17 million deaths per year by 2030. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key to the resistance and advancement of cancer. They play a crucial role in tumor dynamics and resistance to therapy. CSCs, initially discovered in acute myeloid leukemia, are well-known for their involvement in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse, mostly because of their distinct characteristics, such as resistance to drugs and the ability to self-renew. EVs, which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). They have a significant impact on cellular behaviors and contribute to genetic and epigenetic changes. This paper analyzes the mutually beneficial association between CSCs and EVs, emphasizing their role in promoting tumor spread and developing resistance mechanisms. This review aims to investigate the interaction between these entities in order to discover new approaches for attacking the complex machinery of cancer cells. It highlights the significance of CSCs and EVs as crucial targets in the advancement of novel cancer treatments, which helps stimulate additional research, promote progress in ideas for cancer treatment, and provide renewed optimism in the effort to reduce the burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Eslami
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Aja University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Faridfar
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Perampalam P, MacDonald JI, Zakirova K, Passos DT, Wasif S, Ramos-Valdes Y, Hervieu M, Mehlen P, Rottapel R, Gibert B, Correa RJM, Shepherd TG, Dick FA. Netrin signaling mediates survival of dormant epithelial ovarian cancer cells. eLife 2024; 12:RP91766. [PMID: 39023520 PMCID: PMC11257678 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dormancy in cancer is a clinical state in which residual disease remains undetectable for a prolonged duration. At a cellular level, rare cancer cells cease proliferation and survive chemotherapy and disseminate disease. We created a suspension culture model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) dormancy and devised a novel CRISPR screening approach to identify survival genes in this context. In combination with RNA-seq, we discovered the Netrin signaling pathway as critical to dormant HGSOC cell survival. We demonstrate that Netrin-1, -3, and its receptors are essential for low level ERK activation to promote survival, and that Netrin activation of ERK is unable to induce proliferation. Deletion of all UNC5 family receptors blocks Netrin signaling in HGSOC cells and compromises viability during the dormancy step of dissemination in xenograft assays. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Netrin-1 and -3 overexpression in HGSOC correlates with poor outcome. Specifically, our experiments reveal that Netrin overexpression elevates cell survival in dormant culture conditions and contributes to greater spread of disease in a xenograft model of abdominal dissemination. This study highlights Netrin signaling as a key mediator HGSOC cancer cell dormancy and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirunthan Perampalam
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - James I MacDonald
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Komila Zakirova
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Daniel T Passos
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Sumaiyah Wasif
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
| | - Yudith Ramos-Valdes
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer ProgramLondonCanada
| | - Maeva Hervieu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
- Netris PharmaLyonFrance
| | - Rob Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College CircleTorontoCanada
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory - Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance
| | - Rohann JM Correa
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Oncology, Western UniversityLondonCanada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- The Mary and John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, London Regional Cancer ProgramLondonCanada
- Department of Oncology, Western UniversityLondonCanada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western UniversityLondonCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western UniversityLondonCanada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre Research InstituteLondonCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western OntarioLondonCanada
- Department of Oncology, Western UniversityLondonCanada
- Children's Health Research InstituteLondonCanada
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3
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Chen B, Liu J. Advances in ovarian tumor stem cells and therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01385-8. [PMID: 38955927 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered the most lethal among all gynecological malignancies due to its early metastatic dissemination, extensive spread, and malignant ascites. The current standard of care for advanced ovarian cancer involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy utilizing platinum-based and taxane-based agents. Although initial treatment yields clinical remission in 70-80% of patients, the majority eventually develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. A growing body of evidence indicates the existence of cancer stem cells within diverse solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, which function as a subpopulation to propel tumor growth and disease advancement by means of drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The presence of ovarian cancer stem cells is widely considered to be a significant contributor to the unfavorable clinical outcomes observed in patients with ovarian cancer, as they play a crucial role in mediating chemotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Ovarian cancer stem cells possess the capacity to reassemble within the entirety of the tumor following conventional treatment, thereby instigating the recurrence of ovarian cancer and inducing resistance to treatment. Consequently, the creation of therapeutic approaches aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer stem cells holds great potential for the management of ovarian cancer. These cells are regarded as one of the most auspicious targets and mechanisms for the treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms of ovarian cancer's recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, alongside the development of effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance, metastasis, and recurrence. The implementation of cancer stem cell therapies may potentially augment the tumor cells' sensitivity to existing chemotherapy protocols, thereby mitigating the risks of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and ultimately improving the survival rates of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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4
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Suárez-Martínez E, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Bijnsdorp IV, Jimenez CR, Carnero A. Protein homeostasis maintained by HOOK1 levels promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells through reticulum stress and autophagy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:150. [PMID: 38807192 PMCID: PMC11134651 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate mainly due to its resistance to currently used therapies. This resistance has been associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), interactions with the microenvironment, and intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic targets, particularly those targeting CSCs, is important for improving patient prognosis. HOOK1 has been found to be transcriptionally altered in a substantial percentage of ovarian tumors, but its role in tumor initiation and development is still not fully understood. METHODS The downregulation of HOOK1 was performed in ovarian cancer cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by growth in vitro and in vivo assays. Subsequently, migration (Boyden chamber), cell death (Western-Blot and flow cytometry) and stemness properties (clonal heterogeneity analysis, tumorspheres assay and flow cytometry) of the downregulated cell lines were analysed. To gain insights into the specific mechanisms of action of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer, a proteomic analysis was performed, followed by Western-blot and cytotoxicity assays to confirm the results found within the mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence staining, Western-blotting and flow cytometry were also employed to finish uncovering the role of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer. RESULTS In this study, we observed that reducing the levels of HOOK1 in ovarian cancer cells reduced in vitro growth and migration and prevented tumor formation in vivo. Furthermore, HOOK1 reduction led to a decrease in stem-like capabilities in these cells, which, however, did not seem related to the expression of genes traditionally associated with this phenotype. A proteome study, along with other analysis, showed that the downregulation of HOOK1 also induced an increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress levels in these cells. Finally, the decrease in stem-like properties observed in cells with downregulated HOOK1 could be explained by an increase in cell death in the CSC population within the culture due to endoplasmic reticulum stress by the unfolded protein response. CONCLUSION HOOK1 contributes to maintaining the tumorigenic and stemness properties of ovarian cancer cells by preserving protein homeostasis and could be considered an alternative therapeutic target, especially in combination with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum or proteotoxic stress such as proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Suárez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene V Bijnsdorp
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, VUmc-Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1-60, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot S/N; Campus HUVR, Ed. IBIS,, Seville, 41013, Spain.
- CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Markowska A, Kojs Z, Twardawa D, Pietras J, Markowska J. Selected markers of ovarian cancer and their relation to targeted therapy (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:236. [PMID: 38628658 PMCID: PMC11019661 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical treatment techniques and chemotherapy-including anti-angiogenic and immune poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, the 5-year survival rate in ovarian cancer (OC) remains low. The reasons for this are the diagnosis of cancer in advanced clinical stages, chemoresistance and cancer recurrence. New therapeutic approaches are being developed, including the search for new biomarkers that are also targets for targeted therapy. The present review describes new molecular markers with relevance to targeted therapy, which to date have been studied only in experimental research. These include the angiogenic protein angiopoietin-2, the transmembrane glycoprotein ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, the adhesion protein E-cadherin, the TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 and Kruppel-like factor 7. Drugs affecting cancer stem cells (CSCs) in OC, such as metformin and salinomycin, as well as inhibitors of CSCs markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (with the drug ATRA) and the transcription factor Nanog homeobox (microRNA) are also discussed. A new approach to prevention and possible therapies under investigation such as development of vaccines containing a subpopulation of CD117(+) and CD44(+) stem cells with a promising option for use in women with OC was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markowska
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kojs
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Twardawa
- Medical Department, Bausch Health Poland, 02-674 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Pietras
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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6
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Shandi MH, Sahranavard S, Bagheri F, Shahsavari Z, Salami S. Investigating the Effects of Dorema hyrcanum Root Extracts on Selective Induction of Programmed Cell Death in Glioblastoma, Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:789-797. [PMID: 38482619 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206273478240304095159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite remarkable advances, cancer has remained the second cause of death, which shows that more potent novel compounds should be found. Ethnobotanical compounds have a long history of treating diseases, and several approved chemotherapeutic compounds were isolated from plants. OBJECTIVE The research aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Dorema hyrcanum root extract on ovarian, breast, and glioblastoma cells while examining its selectivity towards normal cells. Additionally, the study is directed to investigate cell death mechanisms, delineate modes of cell death, and explore intracellular ROS production. METHODS Cytotoxic effects of alcoholic, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether fractions of Dorema hyrcanum were investigated on cancer and normal cells by using MTT assay, and the concentration around IC50 values was used for flow cytometric assessment of apoptosis, evaluation of the expression of selected genes via RT-qPCR and production of ROS. RESULTS Methanolic extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, impacting A2780CP and MDA-MB-231. All fractions showed comparable effects on U251 cells. Notably, extracts displayed higher IC50 values in normal HDF cells, indicating cancer cell specificity. Flow cytometry revealed induction of apoptosis and non-apoptotic death in all three cancer cell lines. QPCR results showed upregulation of related genes, with RIP3K prominently increased in U251 glioblastoma. The DCFH-DA assay demonstrated ROS induction by the PE fraction exclusively in A2780CP cells after 30 minutes and up to 24 hours. CONCLUSION Dorema hyrcanum root extracts exhibited potent anti-tumor effects against all studied cell lines. The methanolic extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity, particularly against A2780CP and MDA-MB-231 cells. Importantly, all fractions displayed selectivity for cancer cells over normal HDF cells. Unique modes of action were observed, with the petroleum ether fraction inducing significant non-apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest promising therapeutic potential for Dorema hyrcanum in cancer treatment with subject to further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hatami Shandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medical Research Center, Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Frąszczak K, Barczyński B. The Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38201468 PMCID: PMC10778113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer and the eighth most common female cancer. The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains a clinical problem despite the significant development of technology. Nearly 70% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with stages III-IV metastatic disease. Reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Ovarian cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy pose vital problems and translate into poor outcomes. Cancer stem cells appear to be responsible for tumour recurrence resulting from chemotherapeutic resistance. These cells are also crucial for tumour initiation due to the ability to self-renew, differentiate, avoid immune destruction, and promote inflammation and angiogenesis. Studies have confirmed an association between CSC occurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, subsequent metastases, and cancer relapses. Therefore, the elimination of CSCs appears important for overcoming drug resistance and improving prognoses. This review focuses on the expression of selected ovarian CSC markers, including CD133, CD44, CD24, CD117, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, which show potential prognostic significance. Some markers expressed on the surface of CSCs correlate with clinical features and can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs, the determination of specific CSC phenotypes is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartłomiej Barczyński
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University in Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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8
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Tao YP, Zhu HY, Shi QY, Wang CX, Hua YX, Hu HY, Zhou QY, Zhou ZL, Sun Y, Wang XM, Wang Y, Zhang YL, Guo YJ, Wang ZY, Che X, Xu CW, Zhang XC, Heger M, Tao SP, Zheng X, Xu Y, Ao L, Liu AJ, Liu SB, Cheng SQ, Pan WW. S1PR1 regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence through the PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP pathway. Oncogene 2023; 42:3491-3502. [PMID: 37828220 PMCID: PMC10656284 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell senescence deters the activation of various oncogenes. Induction of senescence is, therefore, a potentially effective strategy to interfere with vital processes in tumor cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) has been implicated in various cancer types, including ovarian cancer. The mechanism by which S1PR1 regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence is currently elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that S1PR1 was highly expressed in human ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. S1PR1 deletion inhibited the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. S1PR1 deletion promoted ovarian cancer cell senescence and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy. Exposure of ovarian cancer cells to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) increased the expression of 3-phosphatidylinositol-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), decreased the expression of large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), and induced phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (p-YAP). Opposite results were obtained in S1PR1 knockout cells following pharmacological inhibition. After silencing LATS1/2 in S1PR1-deficient ovarian cancer cells, senescence was suppressed and S1PR1 expression was increased concomitantly with YAP expression. Transcriptional regulation of S1PR1 by YAP was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Accordingly, the S1PR1-PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP pathway regulates ovarian cancer cell senescence and does so through a YAP-mediated feedback loop. S1PR1 constitutes a druggable target for the induction of senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Pharmacological intervention in the S1PR1-PDK1-LATS1/2-YAP signaling axis may augment the efficacy of standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Heng-Yan Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yu-Xin Hua
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University and Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Han-Yin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University and Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Qi-Yin Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University and Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Zi-Lu Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ya-Ling Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yan-Jun Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Chun-Wei Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Banshan East Street, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Information Network and Artificial Intelligence, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Su-Ping Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Lei Ao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, the 7th Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
- G60 STI Valley Industry & Innovation Institute, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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9
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Chen L, Tang Q, Zhang K, Huang Q, Ding Y, Jin B, Liu S, Hwa K, Chou CJ, Zhang Y, Thyparambil S, Liao W, Han Z, Mortensen R, Schilling J, Li Z, Heaton R, Tian L, Cohen HJ, Sylvester KG, Arent RC, Zhao X, McElhinney DB, Wu Y, Bai W, Ling XB. Altered expression of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in ovarian cancer: metabolic biomarkers and biological implications. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:844. [PMID: 37684587 PMCID: PMC10492322 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy. Extensive research has shown that OC cells undergo significant metabolic alterations during tumorigenesis. In this study, we aim to leverage these metabolic changes as potential biomarkers for assessing ovarian cancer. METHODS A functional module-based approach was utilized to identify key gene expression pathways that distinguish different stages of ovarian cancer (OC) within a tissue biopsy cohort. This cohort consisted of control samples (n = 79), stage I/II samples (n = 280), and stage III/IV samples (n = 1016). To further explore these altered molecular pathways, minimal spanning tree (MST) analysis was applied, leading to the formulation of metabolic biomarker hypotheses for OC liquid biopsy. To validate, a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) based quantitative LCMS/MS method was developed. This method allowed for the precise quantification of targeted metabolite biomarkers using an OC blood cohort comprising control samples (n = 464), benign samples (n = 3), and OC samples (n = 13). RESULTS Eleven functional modules were identified as significant differentiators (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05) between normal and early-stage, or early-stage and late-stage ovarian cancer (OC) tumor tissues. MST analysis revealed that the metabolic L-arginine/nitric oxide (L-ARG/NO) pathway was reprogrammed, and the modules related to "DNA replication" and "DNA repair and recombination" served as anchor modules connecting the other nine modules. Based on this analysis, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and arginine were proposed as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers for OC assessment. Our quantitative LCMS/MS analysis on our OC blood cohort provided direct evidence supporting the use of the SDMA-to-arginine ratio as a liquid biopsy panel to distinguish between normal and OC samples, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 98.3%. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis of tissue genomics and blood quantitative LC/MSMS metabolic data shed light on the metabolic reprogramming underlying OC pathophysiology. These findings offer new insights into the potential diagnostic utility of the SDMA-to-arginine ratio for OC assessment. Further validation studies using adequately powered OC cohorts are warranted to fully establish the clinical effectiveness of this diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Tang
- Shanghai Yunxiang Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Bo Jin
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Szumam Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - C James Chou
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yani Zhang
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | - Zhi Han
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Yunxiang Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lu Tian
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harvey J Cohen
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca C Arent
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Yumei Wu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuefeng B Ling
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Hajikhani Z, Haririan I, Akrami M, Hajikhani S. Nanoarchitectonics of doxycycline-loaded vitamin E-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate micelles for ovarian cancer stem cell treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1441-1458. [PMID: 37830450 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aim to develop doxycycline within the D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate micelle platform as an anticancer stem cell agent. Materials & methods: The optimized nanomicelle formulation was prepared using the solvent casting method and evaluated through physicochemical and biological characterization. Results: Nanomicelles exhibited mean particle sizes of 14.48 nm (polydispersity index: 0.22) using dynamic light scattering and 18.22 nm using transmission electron micrography. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 2% and 66.73%, respectively. Doxycycline-loaded micelles exhibited sustained release, with 98.5% released in 24 h. IC50 values were 20 μg/ml for free drug and 5 μg/ml for micelles after 48 h of cell exposure. A significant 74% reduction in CD44 biomarker and 100% colony formation inhibition were observed. Conclusion: Doxycycline in hemo/biocompatible nanomicelles holds potential for ovarian cancer stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Hajikhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials & Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials & Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials & Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Tehran & Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IBUTUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hajikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Iżycka N, Zaborowski MP, Ciecierski Ł, Jaz K, Szubert S, Miedziarek C, Rezler M, Piątek-Bajan K, Synakiewicz A, Jankowska A, Figlerowicz M, Sterzyńska K, Nowak-Markwitz E. Cancer Stem Cell Markers-Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12746. [PMID: 37628927 PMCID: PMC10454196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to an increased risk of recurrence in ovarian cancer (OC). Further research is needed to identify associations between CSC markers and OC patients' clinical outcomes with greater certainty. If they prove to be correct, in the future, the CSC markers can be used to help predict survival and indicate new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to determine the CSC markers at mRNA and protein levels and their association with clinical presentation, outcome, and risk of recurrence in HGSOC (High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer). TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database with 558 ovarian cancer tumor samples was used for the evaluation of 13 CSC markers (ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, KIT, LGR5, NES, NOTCH3, POU5F1, PROM1, PTTG1, ROR1, SOX9, and THY1). Data on mRNA and protein levels assessed by microarray and mass spectrometry were retrieved from TCGA. Models to predict chemotherapy response and survival were built using multiple variables, including epidemiological data, expression levels, and machine learning methodology. ALDH1A1 and LGR5 mRNA expressions indicated a higher platinum sensitivity (p = 3.50 × 10-3; p = 0.01, respectively). POU5F1 mRNA expression marked platinum-resistant tumors (p = 9.43 × 10-3). CD44 and EPCAM mRNA expression correlated with longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.043; p = 0.039, respectively). THY1 mRNA and protein levels were associated with worse OS (p = 0.019; p = 0.015, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was positively affected by EPCAM (p = 0.004), LGR5 (p = 0.018), and CD44 (p = 0.012). In the multivariate model based on CSC marker expression, the high-risk group had 9.1 months longer median overall survival than the low-risk group (p < 0.001). ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, LGR5, POU5F1, and THY1 levels in OC may be used as prognostic factors for the primary outcome and help predict the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Iżycka
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Łukasz Ciecierski
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Kamila Jaz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Cezary Miedziarek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Marta Rezler
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Kinga Piątek-Bajan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Aneta Synakiewicz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
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12
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Pospieszna J, Dams-Kozlowska H, Udomsak W, Murias M, Kucinska M. Unmasking the Deceptive Nature of Cancer Stem Cells: The Role of CD133 in Revealing Their Secrets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10910. [PMID: 37446085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, and its complexity poses a significant challenge to effective treatment. Cancer stem cells and their markers have become key players in tumor growth and progression. CD133, a marker in various cancer types, is an active research area as a potential therapeutic target. This article explores the role of CD133 in cancer treatment, beginning with an overview of cancer statistics and an explanation of cancer stem cells and their markers. The rise of CD133 is discussed, including its structure, functions, and occurrence in different cancer types. Furthermore, the article covers CD133 as a therapeutic target, focusing on gene therapy, immunotherapy, and approaches to affect CD133 expression. Nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles and nanoliposomes are also discussed in the context of CD133-targeted therapy. In conclusion, CD133 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. As research in this area progresses, it is hoped that CD133-targeted therapies will offer new and effective treatment options for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pospieszna
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wachirawit Udomsak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Street, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
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13
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Arnaoutoglou C, Dampala K, Anthoulakis C, Papanikolaou EG, Tentas I, Dragoutsos G, Machairiotis N, Zarogoulidis P, Ioannidis A, Matthaios D, Perdikouri EI, Giannakidis D, Sardeli C, Petousis S, Oikonomou P, Nikolaou C, Charalampidis C, Sapalidis K. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Five Year Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1183. [PMID: 37511995 PMCID: PMC10384230 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a malignant disease that affects thousands of patients every year. Currently, we use surgical techniques for early-stage cancer and chemotherapy treatment combinations for advanced stage cancer. Several novel therapies are currently being investigated, with gene therapy and stem cell therapy being the corner stone of this investigation. We conducted a thorough search on PubMed and gathered up-to-date information regarding epithelial ovarian cancer therapies. We present, in the current review, all novel treatments that were investigated in this field over the past five years, with a particular focus on local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Arnaoutoglou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Dampala
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Anthoulakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos G Papanikolaou
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tentas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of Giannitsa, 581 00 Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Georgios Dragoutsos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Fellow in Endometriosis and Minimal Access Surgery, Northwick Park, Central Middlesex and Ealing Hospitals, London North West University Heathcare, NHS Trust, London NW10 7NS, UK
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 3rd University General Hospital, "AHEPA" University Hospital, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- 1st Department of Surgery, Attica General Hospital "Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming", 151 26 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagoula Oikonomou
- Surgery Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 691 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Nikolaou
- Surgery Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 691 00 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd University General Hospital, "AHEPA" University Hospital, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Schüler-Toprak S, Skrzypczak M, Gründker C, Ortmann O, Treeck O. Role of Estrogen Receptor β, G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2845. [PMID: 37345182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian and endometrial cancers are affected by estrogens and their receptors. It has been long known that in different types of cancers, estrogens activate tumor cell proliferation via estrogen receptor α (ERα). In contrast, the role of ERs discovered later, including ERβ and G-protein-coupled ER (GPER1), in cancer is less well understood, but the current state of knowledge indicates them to have a considerable impact on both cancer development and progression. Moreover, estrogen related receptors (ERRs) have been reported to affect pathobiology of many tumor types. This article provides a summary and update of the current findings on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancer. For this purpose, original research articles on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancers listed in the PubMed database have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Li YN, Li YY, Wang SX, Ma XY. Efficacy of Bispecific Antibody Targeting EpCAM and CD3 for Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Ascites: An Experimental Study. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2753-2. [PMID: 37119369 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the value of M701, targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and CD3, in the immunotherapy of ovarian cancer ascites by the in vitro assay. METHODS The expression of EpCAM in ovarian cancer tissues was analyzed by databases. The EpCAM expression and immune cell infiltration in different foci of ovarian cancer were detected by 8-channel flow cytometry. The toxic effect of M701 on OVCAR3 was tested using the in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The 3D cell culture and drug intervention experiments were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of M701 in ovarian cancer specimens. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of M701 on the binding of immune cells to tumor cells and the activation capacity of T cells. RESULTS The results of the bioinformatic analysis showed that the expression of EpCAM in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissue. The 8-channel flow cytometry of clinical samples showed that the EpCAM expression and lymphocyte infiltration were significantly heterogeneous among ovarian cancer patients and lesions at different sites. The in vitro experiment results showed that M701 had a significant killing effect on OVCAR3 cells. M701 also obviously killed primary tumor cells derived from some patients with ovarian cancer ascites. M701 could mediate the binding of CD3+ T cells to EpCAM+ tumor cells and induce T cell activation in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION M701 showed significant inhibitory activity on tumor cells derived from ovarian cancer ascites, which had a promising application in immunotherapy for patients with ovarian cancer ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nuo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiang-Yi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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16
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Li L, Ni R, Zheng D, Chen L. Eradicating the tumor “seeds”: nanomedicines-based therapies against cancer stem cells. Daru 2023:10.1007/s40199-023-00456-0. [DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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17
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Rodriguez Torres S, Gresseau L, Benhamida M, Fernandez-Marrero Y, Annabi B. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents the Acquisition of a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Ovarian Cancer Tumorspheres through the Inhibition of Src/JAK/STAT3 Signaling. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041000. [PMID: 37189618 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional tumorsphere cultures recapitulate the expression of several cancer stem cell (CSC) biomarkers and represent an effective in vitro platform to screen the anti-CSC properties of drugs. Whereas ovarian carcinoma is among the leading causes of death for women, ovarian CSC (OvCSC), a highly malignant subpopulation of ovarian cancer cells, is thought to be responsible for therapy resistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a diet-derived active polyphenol found in green tea leaves, can suppress ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. However, its capacity to prevent the acquisition of cancer stemness traits in ovarian malignancies remains unclear. Here, we exploited the in vitro three-dimensional tumorsphere culture model to explore the capacity of EGCG to alter CSC biomarkers expression, signal transducing events and cell chemotaxis. Total RNA and protein lysates were isolated from human ES-2 ovarian cancer cell tumorspheres for gene assessment by RT-qPCR and protein expression by immunoblot. Real-time cell chemotaxis was assessed with xCELLigence. Compared with their parental adherent cells, tumorspheres expressed increased levels of the CSC markers NANOG, SOX2, PROM1, and Fibronectin. EGCG treatment reduced dose-dependently tumorspheres size and inhibited the transcriptional regulation of those genes. Src and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways appeared to be relevant for CSC phenotype and chemotactic response. In conclusion, these data highlight and support the chemopreventive benefits of the diet-derived EGCG and its capacity to target intracellular transducing events that regulate the acquisition of an invasive CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahily Rodriguez Torres
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Loraine Gresseau
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Meriem Benhamida
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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18
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Desai N, Hasan U, K J, Mani R, Chauhan M, Basu SM, Giri J. Biomaterial-based platforms for modulating immune components against cancer and cancer stem cells. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:1-36. [PMID: 36907233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy involves the therapeutic alteration of the patient's immune system to identify, target, and eliminate cancer cells. Dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells make up the tumor microenvironment. In cancer, these immune components (in association with some non-immune cell populations like cancer-associated fibroblasts) are directly altered at a cellular level. By dominating immune cells with molecular cross-talk, cancer cells can proliferate unchecked. Current clinical immunotherapy strategies are limited to conventional adoptive cell therapy or immune checkpoint blockade. Targeting and modulating key immune components presents an effective opportunity. Immunostimulatory drugs are a research hotspot, but their poor pharmacokinetics, low tumor accumulation, and non-specific systemic toxicity limit their use. This review describes the cutting-edge research undertaken in the field of nanotechnology and material science to develop biomaterials-based platforms as effective immunotherapeutics. Various biomaterial types (polymer-based, lipid-based, carbon-based, cell-derived, etc.) and functionalization methodologies for modulating tumor-associated immune/non-immune cells are explored. Additionally, emphasis has been laid on discussing how these platforms can be used against cancer stem cells, a fundamental contributor to chemoresistance, tumor relapse/metastasis, and failure of immunotherapy. Overall, this comprehensive review strives to provide up-to-date information to an audience working at the juncture of biomaterials and cancer immunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy possesses incredible potential and has successfully transitioned into a clinically lucrative alternative to conventional anti-cancer therapies. With new immunotherapeutics getting rapid clinical approval, fundamental problems associated with the dynamic nature of the immune system (like limited clinical response rates and autoimmunity-related adverse effects) have remained unanswered. In this context, treatment approaches that focus on modulating the compromised immune components within the tumor microenvironment have garnered significant attention amongst the scientific community. This review aims to provide a critical discussion on how various biomaterials (polymer-based, lipid-based, carbon-based, cell-derived, etc.) can be employed along with immunostimulatory agents to design innovative platforms for selective immunotherapy directed against cancer and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Uzma Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Jeyashree K
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Mani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Meenakshi Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Suparna Mercy Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India.
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Keyvani V, Kheradmand N, Navaei ZN, Mollazadeh S, Esmaeili SA. Epidemiological trends and risk factors of gynecological cancers: an update. Med Oncol 2023; 40:93. [PMID: 36757546 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers, the most common cancer among women worldwide, disrupt the function of women's reproductive system, significantly impacting the quality of life. The epidemiological patterns of gynecological cancers differ in various regions and alter over time. The main challenge to deal with women's cancers is focusing on potential plans to improve patient outcomes. The epidemiology and general risk elements of gynecological cancers are important in the management of these cancers, so all of the reported risk factors in gynecological cancers have been evaluated in the present review. Due to the role of gynecological cancers in women's health, preventive measures and modifiable lifestyles together with early detection in high-risk groups are effective strategies that can reduce mortality rates. This review summarizes the epidemiology and global risk factors of gynecological cancers alongside others to better management of these malignancies and improve the quality of life in the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Kheradmand
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasrpour Navaei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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20
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Wang Y, Luo X, Wu N, Liao Q, Wang J. SRC-3/TRAF4 facilitates ovarian cancer development by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2023; 40:76. [PMID: 36625999 PMCID: PMC9831961 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women, and it causes many deaths in women worldwide. Patients with ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis and low survival rate. This study aimed to explore the role of the SRC-3/TRAF4/PI3K/AKT pathway in ovarian cancer development. METHODS SRC-3 and TRAF4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines were assessed using qRT-PCR and western-blotting. The expression of SRC-3 and TRAF4 in ovarian cancer cells was downregulated by transient transfection with sh-RNAs. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were measured using a Transwell assay. Cell stemness was detected using a cell spheroidization assay and western blotting. The expression levels of stem cell factors and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS SRC-3 and TRAF4 were upregulated in ovarian cancer cell lines. TRAF4 is a downstream factor of SRC-3, and the protein level of TRAF4 was regulated by SRC-3. SRC-3 knockdown reduced TRAF4 expression. Silencing SRC-3 or TRAF4 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as the expression of stem cell factors. Furthermore, sh-TRAF4 as well as treatment with LY294002, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and PI3K, thus repressing the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. However, TRAF4 overexpression reversed the effect of SRC-3 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that SRC-3/TRAF4 promotes ovarian cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and stemness by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Luo
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Endometriosis Stem Cells as a Possible Main Target for Carcinogenesis of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010111. [PMID: 36612107 PMCID: PMC9817684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a serious recurrent disease impairing the quality of life and fertility, and being a risk for some histologic types of ovarian cancer defined as endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC). The presence of stem cells in the endometriotic foci could account for the proliferative, migrative and angiogenic activity of the lesions. Their phenotype and sources have been described. The similarly disturbed expression of several genes, miRNAs, galectins and chaperones has been observed both in endometriotic lesions and in ovarian or endometrial cancer. The importance of stem cells for nascence and sustain of malignant tumors is commonly appreciated. Although the proposed mechanisms promoting carcinogenesis leading from endometriosis into the EAOC are not completely known, they have been discussed in several articles. However, the role of endometriosis stem cells (ESCs) has not been discussed in this context. Here, we postulate that ESCs may be a main target for the carcinogenesis of EAOC and present the possible sequence of events resulting finally in the development of EAOC.
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22
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Szczerba A, Śliwa A, Pieta PP, Jankowska A. The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Ovarian Cancer Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246030. [PMID: 36551515 PMCID: PMC9775737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic ovarian cancer is the main reason for treatment failures and consequent deaths. Ovarian cancer is predisposed to intraperitoneal dissemination. In comparison to the transcoelomic route, distant metastasis via lymph vessels and blood is less common. The mechanisms related to these two modes of cancer spread are poorly understood. Nevertheless, the presence of tumor cells circulating in the blood of OC patients is a well-established phenomenon confirming the significant role of lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. Thus, the detection of CTCs may provide a minimally invasive tool for the identification of ovarian cancer, monitoring disease progression, and treatment effectiveness. This review focuses on the biology of ovarian CTCs and the role they may play in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szczerba
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Śliwa
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel P. Pieta
- Department of Bionic and Experimental Medical Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-547-190
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23
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Molecular Features, Prognostic Value, and Cancer Immune Interactions of Angiogenesis-Related Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1637-1650. [PMID: 36471217 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial to tumor growth and metastasis; it plays a key role in various cancers development and progression. However, the potential effects of angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) in ovarian cancer (OC) remain to be further investigated. We discussed the characteristics changes of ARGs in 784 OC samples from genomic and transcriptional levels, as well as their expression patterns based on four distinct datasets. First, 784 OC patients were divided into three molecular subtypes, and the findings indicated that ARG changes were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and immune cell-infiltrating tumor microenvironment (TME). OC patients were subsequently divided into two gene subtypes depending on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the abovementioned molecular subtypes. We also established an ARGs-related score (ARGs score) model for evaluating overall survival (OS) and determining the immunological landscape of OC patients, therefore predicting patients' prognosis and therapeutic responses. A lower ARGs' score accompanied by a high mutation frequency implies a higher probability of survival. Furthermore, the ARG score was correlated with the cancer stem cell (CSC) index and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. The significant involvement of ARGs in the tumor-immune-stromal microenvironment, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis were established in our systematic investigation of ARGs for OC patients. These discoveries might help us to better understand the role of ARGs in OC, as well as give new insight for predicting the prognosis and providing promising immunotherapy.
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Ding J, Zhang Y, Che Y. Ovarian cancer stem cells: Critical roles in anti-tumor immunity. Front Genet 2022; 13:998220. [PMID: 36437919 PMCID: PMC9685611 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.998220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Over the past 3 decades, there has been a high incidence of recurrent chemoresistant disease, despite the relative effectiveness of current treatment strategies. This is partly attributed to cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation that has acquired stem cell properties that allow these cells to evade standard chemotherapy and cause disease recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for basic knowledge about CSC to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer. These CSC subpopulations have been identified in ovarian cancer cell lines, tumors or ascites, and findings suggest that ovarian CSCs may be as heterogeneous as the disease itself. CSCs regulate the phenotype and function of immune cells involved in antitumor immunity, so a better understanding of the signaling pathways that interact between CSCs, immune cells and tumor cells will pave the way for the clinical application of CS in cancer immunotherapy. This review will focus on the markers currently used to identify and isolate these cells summarize current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for CSC-dependent regulation of antitumor immune responses. We will discuss the signaling pathways involved in CSC survival, replication, and differentiation as well as potential therapeutic targeting strategies.
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Therachiyil L, Anand A, Azmi A, Bhat A, Korashy HM, Uddin S. Role of RAS signaling in ovarian cancer. F1000Res 2022; 11:1253. [PMID: 36451660 PMCID: PMC9669513 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126337.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS family of proteins is among the most frequently mutated genes in human malignancies. In ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecological malignancy, RAS, especially KRAS mutational status at codons 12, 13, and 61, ranges from 6-65% spanning different histo-types. Normally RAS regulates several signaling pathways involved in a myriad of cellular signaling cascades mediating numerous cellular processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and death. Aberrant activation of RAS leads to uncontrolled induction of several downstream signaling pathways such as RAF-1/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PI3K phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, RalGEFs, Rac/Rho, BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B), MEK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), PKB (protein kinase B) and PKC (protein kinase C) involved in cell proliferation as well as maintenance pathways thereby driving tumorigenesis and cancer cell propagation. KRAS mutation is also known to be a biomarker for poor outcome and chemoresistance in OC. As a malignancy with several histotypes showing varying histopathological characteristics, we focus on reviewing recent literature showcasing the involvement of oncogenic RAS in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in OC and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Anjana Anand
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar,
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Smycz-Kubańska M, Stępień S, Gola JM, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Wendlocha D, Królewska-Daszczyńska P, Strzelec A, Strzelczyk J, Szanecki W, Witek A, Mielczarek-Palacz A. Analysis of CXCL8 and its receptors CXCR1/CXCR2 at the mRNA level in neoplastic tissue, as well as in serum and peritoneal fluid in patients with ovarian cance. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:296. [PMID: 35920183 PMCID: PMC9435018 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the coexistence of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in ovarian cancer, particularly those involving chemokines and their receptors, may help to elucidate the involvement of the studied parameters in tumor pathogenesis and could lead to improved clinical applications. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and its receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)1 and CXCR2, in the serum and peritoneal fluid of women with ovarian cancer, and to evaluate the association between the expression of these parameters in tumor tissue and patient characteristics, particularly the degree of histological differentiation. The study group included women with ovarian cancer diagnosed with serous cystadenocarcinoma International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIc and a control group, which consisted of women who were diagnosed with a benign lesion (serous cystadenoma). The transcript levels of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The quantitative analysis was carried out using the LightCycler® 480 System and GoTaq® 1-Step RT-qPCR System, according to the manufacturers' instructions. The concentration of CXCL8 in serum and peritoneal fluid was determined using a Human Interleukin-8 ELISA kit, and the concentrations of CXCR1 and CXCR2 were determined using the CLOUD-CLONE ELISA kit. Local and systemic disturbances in immune and inflammatory responses involving the CXCL8 chemokine and its receptors indicated the involvement of these studied parameters in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Immunoregulation of the CXCL8-CXCR1 system may influence the course of the inflammatory process accompanying ovarian cancer development, which may result in the identification of novel clinical applications; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Smycz-Kubańska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Stępień
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Magdalena Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Wendlocha
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Królewska-Daszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Strzelec
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Strzelczyk
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szanecki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Witek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
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Chen YA, Lu CY, Cheng WF, Kuo KT, Yu CW, Ho HN, Chen HF, Pan SH. An experimental model for ovarian cancer: propagation of ovarian cancer initiating cells and generation of ovarian cancer organoids. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:967. [PMID: 36085021 PMCID: PMC9463800 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer due to the recurrence of drug-resistance. Cancer initiating cells (CICs) are proposed to be responsible for the aggressiveness of OC. The rarity and difficulty of in vitro long-term cultivation of CICs challenge the development of CIC-targeting therapeutics. Reprogramming cancer cells into induced cancer initiating cell (iCICs) could be an approach to solve these. Several inducible CICs have been acquired by activating the expression of stemness genes in different cancer cells. However, few reports have demonstrated the feasibility in OC. Methods Patients with primary OC receiving surgery were enrolled. Tumor tissue were collected, and OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to investigate the association of stemness markers with overall survival (OS). An high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cell line, OVCAR-3 was reprogrammed by transducing Yamanaka four factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM) to establish an iOCIC model, iOVCAR-3-OSKM. CIC characteristics of iOVCAR-3-OSKM were evaluated by RT-PCR, sphere formation assay and animal experiments. Drug-resistance and migration ability were accessed by dye-efflux activity assay, MTT assay and migration assay. Gene profile was presented through RNA-sequencing. Lineage differentiation ability and organoid culture were determined by in vitro differentiation assays. Results In OC patients, the co-expression of multiple stem-related transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) was associated with worse OS. iOVCAR-3-OSKM cells generated by reprogramming successfully exhibited stemness characteristics with strong sphere-forming and tumorigenesis ability. iOVCAR-3-OSKM cells also showed malignant potential with higher drug resistance to chemodrug, Paclitaxel (PTX) and migration ability. iOVCAR-3-OSKM was maintainable and expandable on feeder-dependent culture condition, it also preserved ovarian lineage differentiation abilities, which could well differentiate into OC cells with CK-7 and CA125 expressions and develop into an organoid mimic poor prognostic OC histological feature. Conclusions The establishment of iOVCAR-3-OSKM not only allows us to fill the gap in the information on induced CICs in OC but also provides a potential strategy to develop personalized CICs and organoid models for treating OC in the near future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10042-3.
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Anti-Cancer Activity of Cannabis sativa Phytocannabinoids: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential in the Fight against Ovarian Cancer and Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174299. [PMID: 36077833 PMCID: PMC9454933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with about 70% of cases diagnosed only at an advanced stage. Cannabis sativa, which produces more than 150 phytocannabinoids, is used worldwide to alleviate numerous symptoms associated with various medical conditions. Recently, studies across a range of cancer types have demonstrated that the phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo, but also the potential to increase other drugs’ adverse effects. THC and CBD act via several different biological and signaling pathways, including receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. However, very few studies have examined the effectiveness of cannabis compounds against OC. Moreover, little is known about the effectiveness of cannabis compounds against cancer stem cells (CSCs) in general and OC stem cells (OCSCs) in particular. CSCs have been implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and invasion, as well as tumor recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Several hallmarks and concepts describe CSCs. OCSCs, too, are characterized by several markers and specific drug-resistance mechanisms. While there is no peer-reviewed information regarding the effect of cannabis and cannabis compounds on OCSC viability or development, cannabis compounds have been shown to affect genetic pathways and biological processes related to CSCs and OCSCs. Based on evidence from other cancer-type studies, the use of phytocannabinoid-based treatments to disrupt CSC homeostasis is suggested as a potential intervention to prevent chemotherapy resistance. The potential benefits of the combination of chemotherapy with phytocannabinoid treatment should be examined in ovarian cancer patients.
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He Y, Alejo S, Venkata PP, Johnson JD, Loeffel I, Pratap UP, Zou Y, Lai Z, Tekmal RR, Kost ER, Sareddy GR. Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells Using Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonist. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7159. [PMID: 35806169 PMCID: PMC9266546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Emerging studies suggest ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance and tumor relapse. Recent studies demonstrated estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) exerts tumor suppressor functions in OCa. However, the status of ERβ expression in OCSCs and the therapeutic utility of the ERβ agonist LY500307 for targeting OCSCs remain unknown. OCSCs were enriched from ES2, OV90, SKOV3, OVSAHO, and A2780 cells using ALDEFLUOR kit. RT-qPCR results showed ERβ, particularly ERβ isoform 1, is highly expressed in OCSCs and that ERβ agonist LY500307 significantly reduced the viability of OCSCs. Treatment of OCSCs with LY500307 significantly reduced sphere formation, self-renewal, and invasion, while also promoting apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic studies using RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that LY500307 treatment resulted in modulation of pathways related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays demonstrated the upregulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest genes such as FDXR, p21/CDKN1A, cleaved PARP, and caspase 3, and the downregulation of stemness markers SOX2, Oct4, and Nanog. Importantly, treatment of LY500307 significantly attenuated the tumor-initiating capacity of OCSCs in orthotopic OCa murine xenograft models. Our results demonstrate that ERβ agonist LY500307 is highly efficacious in reducing the stemness and promoting apoptosis of OCSCs and shows significant promise as a novel therapeutic agent in treating OCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Jessica D. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Ilanna Loeffel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Edward R. Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Sohn EJ. PIK3R3, a regulatory subunit of PI3K, modulates ovarian cancer stem cells and ovarian cancer development and progression by integrative analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:708. [PMID: 35761259 PMCID: PMC9238166 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic disease and is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women worldwide. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family plays an important regulatory role in various cancer signaling pathways, including those involved in ovarian cancer development; however, its exact function remains to be fully understood. We conducted this study to understand the role of P13K in the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer development. Methods To determine the differential gene expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3), a regulatory subunit of PI3K, in normal, tumor, and metastatic ovary tissues, TNM plotter analysis was performed. The microarray dataset GSE53759 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. ROC plotter analysis was conducted to understand the potential of PIK3R3 as a predictive marker for effectiveness of therapy in ovarian cancer. muTarget was used to identify mutations that alter PIK3R3 expression in ovarian cancer. To determine the interacting partners for PIK3R3 in ovarian tissues, the interactome-atlas tool was used. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis was conducted to identify the pathways in which these interacting partners were primarily enriched. Results PIK3R3 was overexpressed in ovarian and metastatic tumors. Elevated PIK3R3 levels were observed in ovarian cancer stem cells, wherein inhibiting PIK3R3 expression significantly reduced the size of ovarian cancer spheroids. Treatment of ovarian cancer stem cells with PF-04691502 (10 μM), an inhibitor of both PI3K and mTOR kinases, also reduced the size of spheroids and the level of OCT4. PIK3R3 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer with several somatic mutations and was predicted better outcomes in patients undergoing Avastin® chemotherapy using bioinformatic tool. Protein interaction analysis showed that PIK3R3 interacts with 157 genes, including GRB2, EGFR, ERBB3, PTK2, HCK, IGF1R, YES1, and PIK3CA, in the ovary. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the interacting partners of PIK3R3 are involved in the ErbB signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, FoxO, prolactin, chemokine, and insulin signaling pathways. Conclusions PIK3R3 plays a pivotal role in ovarian cancer development and is therefore a potential candidate for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09807-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Yuan H, Yu Q, Pang J, Chen Y, Sheng M, Tang W. The Value of the Stemness Index in Ovarian Cancer Prognosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060993. [PMID: 35741755 PMCID: PMC9222264 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. It is associated with a difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Our study aimed to analyze tumor stemness to determine the prognosis feature of patients with OC. At this job, we selected the gene expression and the clinical profiles of patients with OC in the TCGA database. We calculated the stemness index of each patient using the one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm and performed correlation analysis with immune infiltration. We used consensus clustering methods to classify OC patients into different stemness subtypes and compared the differences in immune infiltration between them. Finally, we established a prognostic signature by Cox and LASSO regression analysis. We found a significant negative correlation between a high stemness index and immune score. Pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the low- and high-mRNAsi groups were enriched in multiple functions and pathways, such as protein digestion and absorption, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the TGF-β signaling pathway. By consensus cluster analysis, patients with OC were split into two stemness subtypes, with subtype II having a better prognosis and higher immune infiltration. Furthermore, we identified 11 key genes to construct the prognostic signature for patients with OC. Among these genes, the expression levels of nine, including SFRP2, MFAP4, CCDC80, COL16A1, DUSP1, VSTM2L, TGFBI, PXDN, and GAS1, were increased in the high-risk group. The analysis of the KM and ROC curves indicated that this prognostic signature had a great survival prediction ability and could independently predict the prognosis for patients with OC. We established a stemness index-related risk prognostic module for OC, which has prognostic-independent capabilities and is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with OC.
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Yang R, Liu B, Yang M, Xu F, Wu S, Zhao S. Lumiflavin Reduces Cisplatin Resistance in Cancer Stem-Like Cells of OVCAR-3 Cell Line by Inducing Differentiation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859275. [PMID: 35669418 PMCID: PMC9163659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a vital role in drug resistance and recurrence of ovarian cancer. Inducing phenotypic differentiation is an important strategy to enhance the effects of chemotherapy and reduce the drug resistance of CSCs. This study found that lumiflavin, a riboflavin decomposition product, reduced the development of CSC resistance and enhanced the chemotherapy effect of cisplatin (DDP) on CSCs in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cell line (CSCs/DDP) and was related to the induction of CSC phenotypic differentiation. Results showed that the development of DDP-resistant OVCAR-3 cells was related to the increase in the proportion of CSCs/DDP, and the treatment with lumiflavin reduced the DDP-resistance levels of OVCAR-3 cells and proportion of CSCs/DDP. Further investigation found that lumiflavin synergistic with DDP increased apoptosis, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited the clonal formation of CSCs/DDP. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments showed that lumiflavin dose-dependently enhanced the chemotherapy effect of DDP on tumor-bearing nude mice inoculated by CSCs/DDP. Lumiflavin treatment also reduced the ratio of CD133+/CD177+ to CD44+/CD24 cells, which is the identification of CSCs, in CSCs/DDP. In addition, transcriptome sequencing results suggested that the role of lumiflavin was related to the notch and stem cell pathway, and Western blot analysis showed that lumiflavin inhibited the protein expression of notch signaling pathway in CSCs/DDP. In conclusion, lumiflavin reduces the development of the drug resistance of OVCAR-3 cell and increases the sensitivity of CSCs/DDP to DDP by inducing phenotypic differentiation, which may have a potential role in the chemotherapy treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Lishui University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Bingjin Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Lishui University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Shufang Zhao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Lishui University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
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Giuli MV, Mancusi A, Giuliani E, Screpanti I, Checquolo S. Notch signaling in female cancers: a multifaceted node to overcome drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:805-836. [PMID: 35582386 PMCID: PMC8992449 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the main challenges in cancer therapy, including in the treatment of female-specific malignancies, which account for more than 60% of cancer cases among women. Therefore, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms is an urgent need in gynecological cancers to foster novel therapeutic approaches. Notably, Notch signaling, including either receptors or ligands, has emerged as a promising candidate given its multifaceted role in almost all of the hallmarks of cancer. Concerning the connection between Notch pathway and drug resistance in the afore-mentioned tumor contexts, several studies focused on the Notch-dependent regulation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation or the induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), both features implicated in either intrinsic or acquired resistance. Indeed, the present review provides an up-to-date overview of the published results on Notch signaling and EMT- or CSC-driven drug resistance. Moreover, other drug resistance-related mechanisms are examined such as the involvement of the Notch pathway in drug efflux and tumor microenvironment. Collectively, there is a long way to go before every facet will be fully understood; nevertheless, some small pieces are falling neatly into place. Overall, the main aim of this review is to provide strong evidence in support of Notch signaling inhibition as an effective strategy to evade or reverse resistance in female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Giuli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angelica Mancusi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Latina 04100, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
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Bagheri V, Esmaeili SA, Gholamin M, Abbaszadegan MR. Rapid Isolation of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cancer Stem Cells as a Target for Autologous Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3045. [PMID: 36337066 PMCID: PMC9583826 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.284841.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy cause associated with a high death rate in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare immortal subpopulation of cells within tumors with characteristics of the ability to self-renew, initiate tumor, and differentiate into defined progenies as well as and high resistance to conventional therapies. Objectives Despite the use of surgery and chemotherapy for GC therapy, there are no efficient therapeutic protocols for it to date. Therefore, rapid isolation of CSCs in order to therapeutic targets, especially immunotherapy is very important. Materials and Methods Cancerous cell suspension isolated from patients with GC was cultured in the serum-free medium containing EGF, bFGF, LIF, and heparin under non-adherent culture conditions to generate spheres. Expression of mRNA level stemness transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, SALL4, and Cripto-1), CD44 variable isoforms (CD44s, CD44v3, CD44v6, CD44V8-10) of spheroid-forming single cells compared with gastric normal tissue cells using real time PCR and molecules of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM as gastric CSC markers, and stemness factor Oct4 using flow cytometry, as well as tumorgenicity using subcutaneous injection of sphere-forming cells to nude mice were investigated. Results Few cancerous cells isolated from patients with GC were able to generate three-dimensional spheroid colonies in the serum-free medium containing EGF, bFGF, LIF, and heparin under non-adherent culture conditions, and form xenograft tumors in immunodeficient nude mice after subcutaneous injection. Spheroid-forming single cells upregulated stemness transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, SALL4, and Cripto-1 that are associated with pluripotency and self-renewal and CD44 isoforms (CD44s, CD44v3, CD44v6, CD44V8-10) compared with gastric normal tissue cells. Finally, molecules of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM as gastric CSC markers and stemness factor Oct4 were expressed in sphere-forming cells. Conclusion We suggested that the sphere formation and tumorigenicity assays are two procedures, leading to the rapid isolation of cancer cells with certain stem-like properties in order to target CSCs using autologous dendritic cell therapy, especially in patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ,
Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ,
Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yang L, Xie HJ, Li YY, Wang X, Liu XX, Mai J. Molecular mechanisms of platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:82. [PMID: 35211759 PMCID: PMC8908330 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs for ovarian cancer, but resistance is common. The initial response to platinum‑based chemotherapy is as high as 80%, but in most advanced patients, final relapse and death are caused by acquired drug resistance. The development of resistance to therapy in ovarian cancer is a significant hindrance to therapeutic efficacy. The resistance of ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic mechanisms is rather complex and includes multidrug resistance, DNA damage repair, cell metabolism, oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, cancer stem cells, immunity, apoptotic pathways, autophagy and abnormal signaling pathways. The present review provided an update of recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of ovarian cancer platinum‑based chemotherapy resistance, discussed current and emerging approaches for targeting these patients and presented challenges associated with these approaches, with a focus on development and overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jian Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. Cancer Stem Cells in Ovarian Cancer-A Source of Tumor Success and a Challenging Target for Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052496. [PMID: 35269636 PMCID: PMC8910575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal neoplasm of the female genital organs. Despite indisputable progress in the treatment of ovarian cancer, the problems of chemo-resistance and recurrent disease are the main obstacles for successful therapy. One of the main reasons for this is the presence of a specific cell population of cancer stem cells. The aim of this review is to show the most contemporary knowledge concerning the biology of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and their impact on chemo-resistance and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, as well as to present the treatment options targeted exclusively on the OCSCs. The review presents data concerning the role of cancer stem cells in general and then concentrates on OCSCs. The surface and intracellular OCSCs markers and their meaning both for cancer biology and clinical prognosis, signaling pathways specifically activated in OCSCs, the genetic and epigenetic regulation of OCSCs function including the recent studies on the non-coding RNA regulation, cooperation between OCSCs and the tumor microenvironment (ovarian cancer niche) including very specific environment such as ascites fluid, the role of shear stress, autophagy and metabolic changes for the function of OCSCs, and finally mechanisms of OCSCs escape from immune surveillance, are described and discussed extensively. The possibilities of anti-OCSCs therapy both in experimental settings and in clinical trials are presented, including the recent II phase clinical trials and immunotherapy. OCSCs are a unique population of cancer cells showing a great plasticity, self-renewal potential and resistance against anti-cancer treatment. They are responsible for the progression and recurrence of the tumor. Several completed and ongoing clinical trials have tested different anti-OCSCs drugs which, however, have shown unsatisfactory efficacy in most cases. We propose a novel approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
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Keyvani V, Riahi E, Yousefi M, Esmaeili SA, Shafabakhsh R, Moradi Hasan-Abad A, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Hamblin MR, Mollazadeh S, Mirzaei H. Gynecologic Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells, and Possible Targeted Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823572. [PMID: 35250573 PMCID: PMC8888850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. In this type of cancer, several molecules (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes) contribute to the tumorigenic process, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Based on recent evidence, the detection of molecular changes in these genes could have clinical importance for the early detection and evaluation of tumor grade, as well as the selection of targeted treatment. Researchers have recently focused on cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the treatment of gynecologic cancer because of their ability to induce progression and recurrence of malignancy. This has highlighted the importance of a better understanding of the molecular basis of CSCs. The purpose of this review is to focus on the molecular mechanism of gynecologic cancer and the role of CSCs to discover more specific therapeutic approaches to gynecologic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Espanta Riahi
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amin Moradi Hasan-Abad
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- *Correspondence: Samaneh Mollazadeh, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ,
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Samaneh Mollazadeh, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ,
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Bregenzer M, Horst E, Mehta P, Snyder C, Repetto T, Mehta G. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in CSC Enrichment and Chemoresistance: 3D Co-culture Methods. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2424:217-245. [PMID: 34918298 PMCID: PMC10602930 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are responsible for tumor progression, chemoresistance, recurrence, and poor outcomes in many cancers, making them critical research and therapeutic targets. One of the critical components potentiating CSC chemoresistance is the interactions between CSC and the surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment. Our lab has developed several 3D co-culture models to study ovarian CSC interactions with stromal or immune cells found in ovarian tumor microenvironments. In this chapter, we use ovarian cancer as a model to describe the methodologies developed in our lab; however, these techniques are applicable to a wide range of cancers. First, we discuss our method for isolating CSC from heterogeneous tumors and for creating 3D self-assembled tumoroids in hanging drop plates, in either monoculture or co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells or monocytes/macrophages. We then discuss methods for analyzing these models with a focus on isolating cell-type-specific changes and mechanism investigation. Specifically, we describe lentiviral transduction and flow cytometry as established and robust methods to identify and separate each cell type for downstream analysis. We then describe methods to examine CSC functionality with transwell migration assays and colorimetric MTS-based proliferation assays. Finally, we demonstrate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA ) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods as mechanistic investigation tools to decouple paracrine and juxtacrine interactions. These methods have wide-reaching applications in cancer research from basic biological investigations, to drug discovery, and personalized drug screening for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Taylor Repetto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Rogel Cancer Center, and Precision Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Li B, Liu L, Huang C. The Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Implications of Epigenetic Modifications in Ovarian Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863541. [PMID: 35620395 PMCID: PMC9127157 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies globally. In spite of positive responses to initial therapy, the overall survival rates of OC patients remain poor due to the development of drug resistance and consequent cancer recurrence. Indeed, intensive studies have been conducted to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying OC therapeutic resistance. Besides, emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for epigenetic modifications, namely, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation, in the drug resistance of OC. These epigenetic modifications contribute to chemoresistance through various mechanisms, namely, upregulating the expression of multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, and deregulated immune response. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in clinical therapeutic resistance may improve the outcome of OC patients. In this review, we will discuss the epigenetic regulation of OC drug resistance and propose the potential clinical implications of epigenetic therapies to prevent or reverse OC drug resistance, which may inspire novel treatment options by targeting resistance mechanisms for drug-resistant OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Liu, ; Canhua Huang,
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Liu, ; Canhua Huang,
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Peluso JJ, Pru JK. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 and Their Roles in Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235953. [PMID: 34885064 PMCID: PMC8656518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the female reproductive tract are both lethal and highly prevalent. For example, the five-year survival rate of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer is still less than 50%, and endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with > 65,000 new cases in the United States in 2020. Among the many genes already established as key participants in ovarian and endometrial oncogenesis, progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC)1 and PGRMC2 have gained recent attention given that there is now solid correlative information supporting a role for at least PGRMC1 in enhancing tumor growth and chemoresistance. The expression of PGRMC1 is significantly increased in both ovarian and endometrial cancers, similar to that reported in other cancer types. Xenograft studies using human ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines in immunocompromised mice demonstrate that reduced expression of PGRMC1 results in tumors that grow substantially slower. While the molecular underpinnings of PGRMCs' mechanisms of action are not clearly established, it is known that PGRMCs regulate survival pathways that attenuate stress-induced cell death. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of what is known about the roles that PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 play in ovarian and endometrial cancers, particularly as related to the mechanisms through which they regulate mitosis, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Peluso
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Correspondence: ; +1-860-679-2860
| | - James K. Pru
- Department of Animal Science, Program in Reproductive Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
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Dual Knockdown of Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 and MSI-2 Attenuates Putative Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics and Therapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111502. [PMID: 34768932 PMCID: PMC8584030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, therapy resistance mechanisms complicate cancer cell eradication. Targeting Musashi RNA-binding proteins (MSI) may increase therapeutic efficacy. Database analyses were performed to identify gene expression associations between MSI proteins and key therapy resistance and cancer stem cell (CSC) genes. Then, ovarian cancer cells were subjected to siRNA-based dual knockdown of MSI-1 and MSI-2. CSC and cell cycle gene expression was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blots, and flow cytometry. Metabolic activity and chemoresistance were assessed by MTT assay. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify cell survival post-irradiation. Database analyses demonstrated positive associations between MSI proteins and putative CSC markers NOTCH, MYC, and ALDH4A1 and negative associations with NOTCH inhibitor NUMB. MSI-2 expression was negatively associated with the apoptosis regulator p21. MSI-1 and MSI-2 were positively correlated, informing subsequent dual knockdown experiments. After MSI silencing, CSC genes were downregulated, while cell cycle progression was reduced. Metabolic activity was decreased in some cancer cells. Both chemo- and radioresistance were reduced after dual knockdown, suggesting therapeutic potential. Dual knockdown of MSI proteins is a promising venue to impede tumor growth and sensitize ovarian cancer cells to irradiation and chemotherapy.
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Sabol M, Calleja-Agius J, Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Ozcan S, Ward MP, Ozretić P. (In)Distinctive Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Common and Rare Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205040. [PMID: 34680193 PMCID: PMC8534192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare ovarian cancers (ROCs) are OCs with an annual incidence of fewer than 6 cases per 100,000 women. They affect women of all ages, but due to their low incidence and the potential clinical inexperience in management, there can be a delay in diagnosis, leading to a poor prognosis. The underlying causes for these tumors are varied, but generally, the tumors arise due to alterations in gene/protein expression in cellular processes that regulate normal proliferation and its checkpoints. Dysregulation of the cellular processes that lead to cancer includes gene mutations, epimutations, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are defined as transcribed RNA molecules, more than 200 nucleotides in length which are not translated into proteins. They regulate gene expression through several mechanisms and therefore add another level of complexity to the regulatory mechanisms affecting tumor development. Since few studies have been performed on ROCs, in this review we summarize the mechanisms of action of lncRNA in OC, with an emphasis on ROCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.C.-A.); (R.D.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.C.-A.); (R.D.F.); (S.S.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.C.-A.); (R.D.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sureyya Ozcan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin and Coombe Women’s and Infants University Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-(1)-4571292
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Huang X, Dong H, Liu Y, Yu F, Yang S, Chen Z, Li J. Silencing of let-7b-5p inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and stemness characteristics by Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp-box helicase 19A. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7666-7677. [PMID: 34612147 PMCID: PMC8806929 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and recurrence of ovarian cancer are associated with ovarian cancer stem cells. For cancer treatment, gene delivery of microbubbles (MB)-mediated microRNA (miRNA) is considered as a promising approach. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of MB-mediated let-7b-5p inhibitor on the proliferation and stemness characteristics of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells. Let-7b-5p inhibitor mediated by MB was prepared (termed MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor), and the effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor and let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cell viability, proliferation and stemness characteristics were investigated. We found that MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor presented a higher transfection efficiency than let-7b-5p inhibitor alone. The inhibitory effect of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells was more significant than let-7b-5p inhibitor. Let-7b-5p targeted DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box helicase 19A (DDX19A), which was downregulated in OVCA cells. The downregulation of DDX19A reversed the inhibitory effects of MB-let-7b-5p inhibitor on OVCA cells. To sum up, we found that MB-let-7b-5p suppressed OVCA cell malignant behaviors by targeting DDX19A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Fen Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Shunshi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
| | - Jueying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, China
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Horst EN, Bregenzer ME, Mehta P, Snyder CS, Repetto T, Yang-Hartwich Y, Mehta G. Personalized models of heterogeneous 3D epithelial tumor microenvironments: Ovarian cancer as a model. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:401-420. [PMID: 33940195 PMCID: PMC8969826 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intractable human diseases such as cancers, are context dependent, unique to both the individual patient and to the specific tumor microenvironment. However, conventional cancer treatments are often nonspecific, targeting global similarities rather than unique drivers. This limits treatment efficacy across heterogeneous patient populations and even at different tumor locations within the same patient. Ultimately, this poor efficacy can lead to adverse clinical outcomes and the development of treatment-resistant relapse. To prevent this and improve outcomes, it is necessary to be selective when choosing a patient's optimal adjuvant treatment. In this review, we posit the use of personalized, tumor-specific models (TSM) as tools to achieve this remarkable feat. First, using ovarian cancer as a model disease, we outline the heterogeneity and complexity of both the cellular and extracellular components in the tumor microenvironment. Then we examine the advantages and disadvantages of contemporary cancer models and the rationale for personalized TSM. We discuss how to generate precision 3D models through careful and detailed analysis of patient biopsies. Finally, we provide clinically relevant applications of these versatile personalized cancer models to highlight their potential impact. These models are ideal for a myriad of fundamental cancer biology and translational studies. Importantly, these approaches can be extended to other carcinomas, facilitating the discovery of new therapeutics that more effectively target the unique aspects of each individual patient's TME. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this article, we have presented the case for the application of biomaterials in developing personalized models of complex diseases such as cancers. TSM could bring about breakthroughs in the promise of precision medicine. The critical components of the diverse tumor microenvironments, that lead to treatment failures, include cellular- and extracellular matrix- heterogeneity, and biophysical signals to the cells. Therefore, we have described these dynamic components of the tumor microenvironments, and have highlighted how contemporary biomaterials can be utilized to create personalized in vitro models of cancers. We have also described the application of the TSM to predict the dynamic patterns of disease progression, and predict effective therapies that can produce durable responses, limit relapses, and treat any minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Michael E Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Catherine S Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Taylor Repetto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Precision Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Capilliposide from Lysimachia capillipes promotes terminal differentiations and reverses paclitaxel resistance in A2780T cells of human ovarian cancer by regulating Fos/Jun pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:111-116. [PMID: 36120123 PMCID: PMC9476669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential effect of Lysimachia capillipes capilliposide (LCC) on the chemo sensitivity and the stemness of human ovarian cancer cells. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) was used to measure the IC50 values. The apoptosis of cells was measured through flow cytometry. Evaluation of the stemness and differentiation markers was performed by the immunoblotting and the immunostaining assays. RNA-seq was performed through the Illumina HiSeq PE150 platform and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out through the bioinformation analysis. Overexpression or knockdown of Fos gene was achieved by shRNA transfection. Results Pre-exposure of A2780T cells with 10 μg/mL LCC sensitized them to paclitaxel, of which the IC50 value reduced from 8.644 μmol/L (95%CI: 7.315–10.082 μmol/L) to 2.5 μmol/L (95%CI: 2.233–2.7882 μmol/L). Exposure with LCC enhanced the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and inhibited the colony formation of A2780T cells. LCC exposure reduced the expression of cancer stemness markers, ALDH1, Myd88 and CD44, while promoting that of terminal differentiation markers, NFATc1, Cathepsin K and MMP9. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expressions of FOS and JUN were upregulated in LCC-treated A2780T cells. A2780T cells overexpressing Fos gene displayed increased paclitaxel-sensitivity and reduced cell stemness, and shared common phenotypes with LCC-treated A2780T cells. Conclusion These findings suggested that LCC promoted terminal differentiations of ovarian cancer cells and sensitized them to paclitaxel through activating the Fos/Jun pathway. LCC might become a novel therapy that targets at cancer stem cells and enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of ovarian cancer treatments.
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Nowicki A, Kulus M, Wieczorkiewicz M, Pieńkowski W, Stefańska K, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Bryl R, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Piotrowska-Kempisty H. Ovarian Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells-Cellular and Molecular Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Usefulness as a Diagnostic Tool in Medicine and Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164178. [PMID: 34439332 PMCID: PMC8394875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is still a high-risk, metastatic disease, often diagnosed at a late stage. Difficulties in its treatment are associated with high resistance to chemotherapy and recurrence. Responsible for the malignant features of cancer are considered to be cancer stem cells (CSCs), which generate new cells by modifying various signaling pathways. Signaling pathways are crucial for the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and self-renewal of CSCs. New therapies based on the use of inhibitors that block CSC growth and proliferation signals are being investigated. The current histological classification of ovarian tumors, their epidemiology, and the recent knowledge of ovarian CSCs, with particular emphasis on their molecular basis, are important considerations. Abstract Despite the increasing development of medicine, ovarian cancer is still a high-risk, metastatic disease that is often diagnosed at a late stage. In addition, difficulties in its treatment are associated with high resistance to chemotherapy and frequent relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), recently attracting significant scientific interest, are considered to be responsible for the malignant features of tumors. CSCs, as the driving force behind tumor development, generate new cells by modifying different signaling pathways. Moreover, investigations on different types of tumors have shown that signaling pathways are key to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, metastasis, and self-renewal of CSCs. Based on these established issues, new therapies are being investigated based on the use of inhibitors to block CSC growth and proliferation signals. Many reports indicate that CSC markers play a key role in cancer metastasis, with hopes placed in their targeting to block this process and eliminate relapses. Current histological classification of ovarian tumors, their epidemiology, and the most recent knowledge of ovarian CSCs, with particular emphasis on their molecular background, are important aspects for consideration. Furthermore, the importance of signaling pathways involved in tumor growth, development, and metastasis, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nowicki
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pieńkowski
- Division of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paulina Skupin-Mrugalska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.K.); (B.K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Oliveira BSAD, de Assis ACC, Souza NM, Ferreira LFR, Soriano RN, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Nanotherapeutic approach to tackle chemotherapeutic resistance of cancer stem cells. Life Sci 2021; 279:119667. [PMID: 34087280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estimates indicate that cancer will become the leading cause of mortality worldwide in the future. Tumorigenesis is a complex process that involves self-sufficiency in signs of growth, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, prevention of apoptosis, unlimited replication, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have an important role in tumor development and resistance. Here we will approach phenotypic plasticity capacity, highly efficient DNA repair systems, anti-apoptotic machinery, sustained stemness features, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways. The researches about CSCs as a target in cancer treatment has been growing. Many different options have pointed beneficial results, such as pathways and CSC-surface markers targeting. Besides its limitations, nanotherapeutics have emerged as a potential strategy in this context since they aim to improve pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and reduce the side effects observed in traditional treatments. Nanoparticles have been studied in this field, mostly for drug delivery and a multitherapy approach. Another widely researched approaches in this area are related to heat therapy, such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and magnetic hyperthermia, besides molecular targeting. This review will contemplate the most relevant studies that have shown the effects of nanotherapeutics. In conclusion, although the studies analyzed are mostly preclinical, we believe that there is strong evidence that nanoparticles can increase the chances of a better prognosis to cancer in the future. It is also essential to transpose these findings to the clinic to confirm and better understand the role of nanotherapeutics in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Stefane Alves de Oliveira
- Undergradute student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Correa de Assis
- Undergradute student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Souza
- Undergradute student, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35010-177, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Fan Q, Li L, Wang TL, Emerson RE, Xu Y. A Novel ZIP4-HDAC4-VEGFA Axis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153821. [PMID: 34359722 PMCID: PMC8345154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite tremendous research efforts, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the most difficult cancers to detect early and treat successfully for >5-year survival. We have recently shown that ZIP4, a zinc transporter, is a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and a therapeutic target for EOC. The current work focuses on developing new strategies to target ZIP4 and inhibit its CSC activities in EOC. We found that cells expressing high levels of ZIP4 were supersensitive to a group of inhibitors called HDACis. One of the major targets of these inhibitors is a protein called HDAC4. We revealed the new molecular bases for the ZIP4-HDAC4 axis and tested the efficacies of targeting this axis in the lab and in mouse models. Our study provides a new mechanistic-based targeting strategy for EOC. Abstract We have recently identified ZIP4 as a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). While it converts drug-resistance to cisplatin (CDDP), we unexpectedly found that ZIP4 induced sensitization of HGSOC cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Mechanistically, ZIP4 selectively upregulated HDAC IIa HDACs, with little or no effect on HDACs in other classes. HDAC4 knockdown (KD) and LMK-235 inhibited spheroid formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, with hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α) and endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as functional downstream mediators of HDAC4. Moreover, we found that ZIP4, HDAC4, and HIF1α were involved in regulating secreted VEGFA in HGSOC cells. Furthermore, we tested our hypothesis that co-targeting CSC via the ZIP4-HDAC4 axis and non-CSC using CDDP is necessary and highly effective by comparing the effects of ZIP4-knockout/KD, HDAC4-KD, and HDACis, in the presence or absence of CDDP on tumorigenesis in mouse models. Our results showed that the co-targeting strategy was highly effective. Finally, data from human HGSOC tissues showed that ZIP4 and HDAC4 were upregulated in a subset of recurrent tumors, justifying the clinical relevance of the study. In summary, our study provides a new mechanistic-based targeting strategy for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St. R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Oncology, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Robert E. Emerson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, 350 W. 11th Street, Room 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut St. R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(317)-274-3972
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Sun X, Liu Q, Huang J, Diao G, Liang Z. Transcriptome-based stemness indices analysis reveals platinum-based chemo-theraputic response indicators in advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3753-3771. [PMID: 34266348 PMCID: PMC8806806 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1939514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is a main histological subtype of ovarian cancer, in which cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for its chemoresistance. However, the underlying modulation mechanisms of chemoresistance led by cancer stemness are still undefined. We aimed to investigate potential drug-response indicators among stemness-associated biomarkers in advanced SOC samples. The mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was evaluated and corrected by tumor purity. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to explore the gene modules and key genes involved in stemness characteristics. We found that mRNAsi and corrected mRNAsi scores were both greater in tumors of Grade 3 and 4 than that of Grade 1 and 2. Forty-two key genes were obtained from the most significant mRNAsi-related gene module. Functional annotation revealed that these key genes were mainly involved in the mitotic division. Thirteen potential platinum-response indicators were selected from the genes enriched to platinum-response associated pathways. Among them, we identified 11 genes with prognostic value of progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced SOC patients treated with platinum and 7 prognostic genes in patients treated with a combination of platinum and taxol. The expressions of the 13 key genes were also validated between platinum-resistant and -sensitive SOC samples of advanced stages in two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The results revealed that CDC20 was a potential platinum-sensitivity indicator in advanced SOC. These findings may provide a new insight for chemotherapies in advanced SOC patients clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- Orthopedic Department, The 964th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Esmaeili SA, Sahranavard S, Salehi A, Bagheri V. Selectively targeting cancer stem cells: Current and novel therapeutic strategies and approaches in the effective eradication of cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1045-1059. [PMID: 34184810 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells in malignant cancers, which possess self-renewal capacity, tumor-initiating capability, and pluripotency, as well as being responsible for tumor maintenance, metastasis, relapse, and chemoresistance. The treatment modalities previously established for cancer included surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The majority of tumor cells of non-CSCs could be eradicated using conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, novel and promising therapeutic strategies that selectively target CSCs are of great importance. In this review, we described different therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, metabolism-based therapeutic strategies, and additional potential therapeutic approaches (targeting microRNAs [miRNAs], histone deacetylase, and DNA methyl transferase) against CSCs. Taken together, due to the inefficiency of anticancer single therapies, targeting CSCs through their metabolism and using immunotherapy and miRNAs besides classical chemo- and radiotherapy may exert better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Astireh Salehi
- Biology Department, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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