Targeting TMEM205 mediated drug resistance in ovarian clear cell carcinoma using oncolytic virus

Exosomes: Key Factors in Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis and Drug Resistance

Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of death among gynecological cancers, largely due to its propensity for peritoneal metastasis and the development of drug resistance. This review concentrates on the molecular underpinnings of these two critical challenges. We delve into the role of exosomes, the nano-sized vesicles integral to cellular communication, in orchestrating the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate metastatic spread and thwart therapeutic efforts. Specifically, we explore how exosomes drive peritoneal metastasis by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal mesothelial cells, altering the extracellular matrix, and supporting angiogenesis, which collectively enable the dissemination of cancer cells across the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, we dissect the mechanisms by which exosomes contribute to the emergence of drug resistance, including the sequestration and expulsion of chemotherapeutic agents, the horizontal transfer of drug resistance genes, and the modulation of critical DNA repair and apoptotic pathways. By shedding light on these exosome-mediated processes, we underscore the potential of exosomal pathways as novel therapeutic targets, offering hope for more effective interventions against ovarian cancer's relentless progression.

TMEM205 induces TAM/M2 polarization to promote cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer

Cisplatin (DDP) is a basic chemotherapy drug for gastric cancer (GC). With the increase of DDP drug concentration in clinical treatment, cancer cells gradually became resistant. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective therapeutic targets to enhance the sensitivity of GC to DDP. Studies have shown that Transmembrane protein 205 (TMEM205) is overexpressed in DDP-resistant human epidermoid carcinoma cells and correlates with drug resistance, and database analyses show that TMEM 205 is also overexpressed in GC, but its role in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we chose a variety of experiments in vivo and vitro, aiming to investigate the role of TMEM 205 in cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. The results showed that TMEM 205 promoted proliferation, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, TMEM205 promotes GC progression by inducing M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These results suggest that TMEM205 may be an effective target to regulate the sensitivity of GC to DDP, providing a new therapeutic direction for clinical treatment.

Treating cancer through modulating exosomal protein loading and function: The prospects of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine

Exosomes, small yet vital extracellular vesicles, play an integral role in intercellular communication. They transport critical components, such as proteins, lipid bilayers, DNA, RNA, and glycans, to target cells. These vesicles are crucial in modulating the extracellular matrix and orchestrating signal transduction processes. In oncology, exosomes are pivotal in tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation within the tumor microenvironment. Exosomal proteins, noted for their stability and specificity, have garnered widespread attention. This review delves into the mechanisms of exosomal protein loading and their impact on tumor development, with a focus on the regulatory effects of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine on exosomal protein loading and function. These insights not only offer new strategies and methodologies for cancer treatment but also provide scientific bases and directions for future clinical applications.