The protective effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil on post-resuscitation cardiac dysfunction of cardiac arrest: by regulating the miR-155-5p and miR-145-5p

Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Sildenafil in Medicine

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is pivotal in cellular signalling, regulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels crucial for smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. By targeting cGMP for degradation, PDE5 inhibits sustained vasodilation. PDE5 operates in diverse anatomical regions, with its upregulation linked to various pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Sildenafil, a selective PDE5 inhibitor, is prescribed for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, considering the extensive roles of PDE5, sildenafil might be useful in other pathologies. This review aims to comprehensively explore sildenafil's therapeutic potential across medicine, addressing a gap in the current literature. Recognising sildenafil's broader potential may unveil new treatment avenues, optimising existing approaches and broadening its clinical application.

lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS1/circFN1 Competitively Binds to miR-206 to Elevate the Expression of ACTB, Thus Inducing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease and can result in substantial disability. The current study explored the potentials of long noncoding RNA- (lncRNA-) circular RNA- (circRNA-) microRNA- (miRNA-) messenger RNA (mRNA) networks in HCM. Firstly, HCM-related microarray data were procured from the GEO database, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained. HCM-related target genes were retrieved in combination with GeneCards and CTD databases, and candidate target genes were subsequently obtained by intersection screening. Further, an interaction network diagram of candidate target genes was constructed using the STRING database, and the hub genes in the network were determined according to the core degree. The “ClusterProfiler” package of the R software was adopted for GO and KEGG analyses of candidate target genes, to analyze the potential molecular pathways in HCM. Next, upstream miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA of ACTB were predicted with RNAInter, mirDIP, TargetScan, DIANA-LncBase, and StarBase databases, followed by construction of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA coexpression networks. ACTB, miR-206, circFN1, and ADAMTS9-AS1 expression in peripheral blood samples from HCM patients and normal healthy controls were detected using RT-qPCR. Moreover, rat cardiomyocyte cell lines H9c2 and HEK293 cells were selected for in vitro verification of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation mechanism. A total of 15 candidate target genes related to HCM were screened using the online databases. Further protein-protein interaction analysis identified ACTB as the hub gene for HCM. The targeted binding relationship between miR-206, miR-145-5p, miR-1-3p, and ACTB was found. Furthermore, ADAMTS9-AS1 and circFN1 were discovered as the upstream genes of miR-206. Moreover, ADAMTS9-AS1, circFN1, and ACTB were found to be poorly expressed, and miR-206 was highly expressed in HCM. In vitro experimentation further confirmed that ADAMTS9-AS1 and circFN1 could competitively bind to miR-206, thereby augmenting ACTB expression. Taken all, ADAMTS9-AS1/circFN1-miR-206-ACTB regulatory network may involve in HCM occurrence, providing a novel theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of mechanism of HCM.