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Huang C, Zhu W, Li Q, Lei Y, Chen X, Liu S, Chen D, Zhong L, Gao F, Fu S, He D, Li J, Xu H. Antibody Fc-receptor FcεR1γ stabilizes cell surface receptors in group 3 innate lymphoid cells and promotes anti-infection immunity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5981. [PMID: 39013884 PMCID: PMC11252441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are crucial for maintaining mucosal homeostasis and regulating inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanisms governing their phenotype and function are not fully understood. Here, we show that ILC3s highly express Fcer1g gene, which encodes the antibody Fc-receptor common gamma chain, FcεR1γ. Genetic perturbation of FcεR1γ leads to the absence of critical cell membrane receptors NKp46 and CD16 in ILC3s. Alanine scanning mutagenesis identifies two residues in FcεR1γ that stabilize its binding partners. FcεR1γ expression in ILC3s is essential for effective protective immunity against bacterial and fungal infections. Mechanistically, FcεR1γ influences the transcriptional state and proinflammatory cytokine production of ILC3s, relying on the CD16-FcεR1γ signaling pathway. In summary, our findings highlight the significance of FcεR1γ as an adapter protein that stabilizes cell membrane partners in ILC3s and promotes anti-infection immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaorui Liu
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dianyu Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujie Fu
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyang He
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Heping Xu
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hou GW, Huang T. Essential oils as promising treatments for treating Candida albicans infections: research progress, mechanisms, and clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1400105. [PMID: 38831882 PMCID: PMC11145275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans: (C. albicans) is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe mucosal and systemic fungal infections, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional chemical drug treatments for C. albicans infection have limitations, including the potential for the development of drug resistance. Essential oils, which are secondary metabolites extracted from plants, have gained significant attention due to their antibacterial activity and intestinal regulatory effects. It makes them an ideal focus for eco-friendly antifungal research. This review was aimed to comprehensively evaluate the research progress, mechanisms, and clinical application prospects of essential oils in treating C. albicans infections through their antibacterial and intestinal regulatory effects. We delve into how essential oils exert antibacterial effects against C. albicans infections through these effects and provide a comprehensive analysis of related experimental studies and clinical trials. Additionally, we offer insights into the future application prospects of essential oils in antifungal therapy, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the development of safer and more effective antifungal drugs. Through a systematic literature review and data analysis, we hope to provide insights supporting the application of essential oils in antifungal therapy while also contributing to the research and development of natural medicines. In the face of increasingly severe fungal infections, essential oils might emerge as a potent method in our arsenal, aiding in the effective protection of human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Huang
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Liu J, Li Y, Liu Y, Yu R, Yin Y, Lai X, Xu B, Cao J. Elevated serum level of progranulin is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients with candidemia. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105302. [PMID: 38246573 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Candidemia is a severe disease with high mortality in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. Considering that progranulin (PGRN) is a potential therapeutic target for the candidemia caused by Candida albicans, we determined the serum level of PGRN after candidemia and evaluated its association with mortality. A retrospective discovery cohort (62 patients) and a validation cohort (70 patients) were enrolled. Blood was collected on day of first blood culture positivity for C. albicans, and serum PGRN levels were then measured. In the discovery cohort, all serum PGRN studied were expressed at higher levels in candidemia patients than in bacteremia patients and healthy volunteers, non-survivors presented with significantly higher serum PGRN concentrations when compared with survivors. Serum PGRN concentration was associated with 30-day mortality and patients at a higher risk of death showed higher serum PGRN levels. These results were confirmed in the independent validation cohort. Interestingly, in vitro study demonstrated that macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes may be the major source of PGRN production after C. albicans infection instead of epithelial cells. Our findings highlight that serum PGRN appears as a biomarker in candidemia patients and as a promising tool for mortality risk stratification in managing candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Banglao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Yang Y, Yang GW, Lu JJ, Chen HR, Guo YQ, Yang N, Zhu YZ, Liu XQ, Su TT, Liu YY, Yu L, Li YS, Hu LF, Li JB. Fabrication of levofloxacin-loaded porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and functional assessment in urinary tract infection. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38321555 PMCID: PMC10848372 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cystitis, a commonly occurring urinary tract infection (UTI), is renowned for its extensive prevalence and tendency to recur. Despite the extensive utilization of levofloxacin as a conventional therapeutic approach for bacterial cystitis, its effectiveness is impeded by adverse toxic effects, drug resistance concerns, and its influence on the gut microbiota. This study introduces Lev@PADM, a hydrogel with antibacterial properties that demonstrates efficacy in the treatment of bacterial cystitis. Lev@PADM is produced by combining levofloxacin with decellularized porcine acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and exhibits remarkable biocompatibility. Lev@PADM demonstrates excellent stability as a hydrogel at body temperature, enabling direct administration to the site of infection through intravesical injection. This localized delivery route circumvents the systemic circulation of levofloxacin, resulting in a swift and substantial elevation of the antimicrobial agent's concentration specifically at the site of infection. The in vivo experimental findings provide evidence that Lev@PADM effectively prolongs the duration of levofloxacin's action, impedes the retention and invasion of E.coli in the urinary tract, diminishes the infiltration of innate immune cells into infected tissues, and simultaneously preserves the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These results indicate that, in comparison to the exclusive administration of levofloxacin, Lev@PADM offers notable benefits in terms of preserving the integrity of the bladder epithelial barrier and suppressing the recurrence of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Juan Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Sheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Fen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and, Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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Progranulin aggravates lethal Candida albicans sepsis by regulating inflammatory response and antifungal immunity. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010873. [PMID: 36121866 PMCID: PMC9521894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most frequent pathogen of fungal sepsis associated with substantial mortality in critically ill patients and those who are immunocompromised. Identification of novel immune-based therapeutic targets from a better understanding of its molecular pathogenesis is required. Here, we reported that the production of progranulin (PGRN) levels was significantly increased in mice after invasive C.albicans infection. Mice that lacked PGRN exhibited attenuated kidney injury and increased survival upon a lethal systemic infection with C. albicans. In mice, PGRN deficiency protected against systemic candidiasis by decreasing aberrant inflammatory reactions that led to renal immune cell apoptosis and kidney injury, and by enhancing antifungal capacity of macrophages and neutrophils that limited fungal burden in the kidneys. PGRN in hematopoietic cell compartment was important for this effect. Moreover, anti-PGRN antibody treatment limited renal inflammation and fungal burden and prolonged survival after invasive C. albicans infection. In vitro, PGRN loss increased phagocytosis, phagosome formation, reactive oxygen species production, neutrophil extracellular traps release, and killing activity in macrophages or neutrophils. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PGRN loss up-regulated Dectin-2 expression, and enhanced spleen tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in macrophages and neutrophils. In summary, we identified PGRN as a critical factor that contributes to the immunopathology of invasive C.albicans infection, suggesting that targeting PGRN might serve as a novel treatment for fungal infection.
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Shao J, Ge T, Tang C, Wang G, Pang L, Chen Z. Synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of gut microbiota and lithocholic acid on liver fibrosis. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1389-1401. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Drummond RA, Desai JV, Ricotta EE, Swamydas M, Deming C, Conlan S, Quinones M, Matei-Rascu V, Sherif L, Lecky D, Lee CCR, Green NM, Collins N, Zelazny AM, Prevots DR, Bending D, Withers D, Belkaid Y, Segre JA, Lionakis MS. Long-term antibiotic exposure promotes mortality after systemic fungal infection by driving lymphocyte dysfunction and systemic escape of commensal bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1020-1033.e6. [PMID: 35568028 PMCID: PMC9283303 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are a modifiable iatrogenic risk factor for the most common human nosocomial fungal infection, invasive candidiasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We found that antibiotics enhanced the susceptibility to murine invasive candidiasis due to impaired lymphocyte-dependent IL-17A- and GM-CSF-mediated antifungal immunity within the gut. This led to non-inflammatory bacterial escape and systemic bacterial co-infection, which could be ameliorated by IL-17A or GM-CSF immunotherapy. Vancomycin alone similarly enhanced the susceptibility to invasive fungal infection and systemic bacterial co-infection. Mechanistically, vancomycin reduced the frequency of gut Th17 cells associated with impaired proliferation and RORγt expression. Vancomycin's effects on Th17 cells were indirect, manifesting only in vivo in the presence of dysbiosis. In humans, antibiotics were associated with an increased risk of invasive candidiasis and death after invasive candidiasis. Our work highlights the importance of antibiotic stewardship in protecting vulnerable patients from life-threatening infections and provides mechanistic insights into a controllable iatrogenic risk factor for invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Drummond
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily E Ricotta
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clay Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariam Quinones
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronika Matei-Rascu
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lozan Sherif
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Lecky
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chyi-Chia R Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Green
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian M Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Rebecca Prevots
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Withers
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIAID Microbiome Program, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Roles of the gut virome and mycobiome in faecal microbiota transplantation. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:472-484. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Long-distance relationships - regulation of systemic host defense against infections by the gut microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:809-818. [PMID: 35732817 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite compartmentalization within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota has a far-reaching influence on immune cell development and function throughout the body. This long-distance relationship is crucial for immune homeostasis, including effective host defense against invading pathogens that cause systemic infections. Herein, we review new insights into how commensal microbes that are spatially restricted to the gut lumen can engage in long-distance relationships with innate and adaptive immune cells at systemic sites to fortify host defenses against infections. In addition, we explore the consequences of intestinal dysbiosis on impaired host defense and immune-mediated pathology during infections, including emerging evidence linking dysbiosis with aberrant systemic inflammation and immune-mediated organ damage in sepsis. As such, therapeutic modification of the gut microbiota is an emerging target for interventions to prevent and/or treat systemic infections and sepsis by harnessing the long-distance relationships between gut microbes and systemic immunity.
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The Role of B-Cells and Antibodies against Candida Vaccine Antigens in Invasive Candidiasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101159. [PMID: 34696267 PMCID: PMC8540628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic candidiasis is an invasive fungal infection caused by members of the genus Candida. The recent emergence of antifungal drug resistance and increased incidences of infections caused by non-albicans Candida species merit the need for developing immune therapies against Candida infections. Although the role of cellular immune responses in anti-Candida immunity is well established, less is known about the role of humoral immunity against systemic candidiasis. This review summarizes currently available information on humoral immune responses induced by several promising Candida vaccine candidates, which have been identified in the past few decades. The protective antibody and B-cell responses generated by polysaccharide antigens such as mannan, β-glucan, and laminarin, as well as protein antigens like agglutinin-like sequence gene (Als3), secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap2), heat shock protein (Hsp90), hyphally-regulated protein (Hyr1), hyphal wall protein (Hwp1), enolase (Eno), phospholipase (PLB), pyruvate kinase (Pk), fructose bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1), superoxide dismutase gene (Sod5) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh1), are outlined. As per studies reviewed, antibodies induced in response to leading Candida vaccine candidates contribute to protection against systemic candidiasis by utilizing a variety of mechanisms such as opsonization, complement fixation, neutralization, biofilm inhibition, direct candidacidal activity, etc. The contributions of B-cells in controlling fungal infections are also discussed. Promising results using anti-Candida monoclonal antibodies for passive antibody therapy reinforces the need for developing antibody-based therapeutics including anti-idiotypic antibodies, single-chain variable fragments, peptide mimotopes, and antibody-derived peptides. Future research involving combinatorial immunotherapies using humanized monoclonal antibodies along with antifungal drugs/cytokines may prove beneficial for treating invasive fungal infections.
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Influence of Fluconazole Administration on Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Barrier, and Immune Response in Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02552-20. [PMID: 33722893 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02552-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics that can treat or prevent infectious diseases play an important role in medical therapy. However, the use of antibiotics has potentially negative effects on the health of the host. For example, antibiotics use may affect the host's immune system by altering the gut microbiota. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the influence of antifungal (fluconazole) treatment on the gut microbiota and immune system of mice. Results showed that the gut microbial composition of mice receiving fluconazole treatment was significantly changed after the trial. Fluconazole did not affect the relative abundance of bacteria but significantly reduced the diversity of bacterial flora. In the bacteriome, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria significantly increased, while Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, Patescibacteria, and Tenericutes showed a remarkable reduction in the fluconazole-treated group compared with the control group. In the mycobiome, the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly decreased and Mucoromycota was significantly increased in the intestine of mice treated with fluconazole compared to the control group. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that the relative gene expression of ZO-1, occludin, MyD88, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 was decreased in the fluconazole-treated group compared to the control. Serum levels of IL-2, LZM, and IgM were significantly increased, while the IgG level was considerably downregulated in the fluconazole-treated compared to the control group. These results suggest that the administration of fluconazole can influence the gut microbiota and that a healthy gut microbiome is important for the regulation of the host immune responses.
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