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Lin L, Sun C, Xie Y, Ye Y, Zhu P, Pan K, Chen L. Serum lactate/creatinine ratio and acute kidney injury in cardiac arrest patients. Clin Biochem 2024; 131-132:110806. [PMID: 39067501 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum lactate and creatinine levels upon admission in cardiac arrest (CA) patients significantly correlate with acute kidney injury (AKI) post-restoration of autonomic circulation. However, the association between serum lactate/creatinine ratio (LCR) and AKI in this population remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between LCR at admission and cardiac arrest-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of previously published data on CA patient resuscitation, categorizing them into tertiles based on LCR levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to investigate the association between LCR and CA-AKI. Non-linear correlations were explored using restricted cubic splines, and a two-piece wise logistic proportional hazards model for both sides of the inflection point was constructed. RESULTS A total of 374 patients (72.19 % male) were included, with intensive care unit mortality, in-hospital mortality, and neurologic dysfunction rates of 51.87 %, 56.95 %, and 39.57 %, respectively. The overall CA-AKI incidence was 59.09 %. Multivariate logistic proportional hazards analysis revealed a negative association between LCR and CA-AKI incidence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95 % confidence intervals [CI] = 0.78-0.93, P=0.001). Triple spline restriction analysis depicted an L-shaped correlation between baseline LCR and CA-AKI incidence. Particularly, a baseline LCR<0.051 was negatively associated with CA-AKI incidence (OR 0.494, 95 % CI=0.319-0.764, P=0.002). Beyond the LCR turning point, estimated dose-response curves remained consistent with a horizontal line. CONCLUSIONS Baseline LCR in CA patients exhibits an L-shaped correlation with AKI incidence following restoration of autonomic circulation. The threshold for CA-AKI is 0.051. This finding suggests that LCR may aid in identifying CA patients at high risk of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangen Lin
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuequn Xie
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuanwen Ye
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Keyue Pan
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Linglong Chen
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated to Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Sarma D, Tabi M, Rabinstein AA, Kashani K, Jentzer JC. Urine Output and Mortality in Patients Resuscitated from out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest. J Intensive Care Med 2023; 38:544-552. [PMID: 36683431 DOI: 10.1177/08850666221151014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist regarding urine output (UO) as a prognostic marker in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA) survivors undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM). METHODS We included 247 comatose adult patients who underwent TTM after OHCA between 2007 and 2017, excluding patients with end-stage renal disease. Three groups were defined based on mean hourly UO during the first 24 h: Group 1 (<0.5 mL/kg/h, n = 73), Group 2 (0.5-1 mL/kg/h, n = 81) and Group 3 (>1 mL/kg/h, n = 93). Serum creatinine was used to classify acute kidney injury (AKI). The primary and secondary outcomes respectively were in-hospital mortality and favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]<3). RESULTS In-hospital mortality decreased incrementally as UO increased (adjusted OR 0.9 per 0.1 mL/kg/h higher; p = 0.002). UO < 0.5 mL/kg/h was strongly associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 4.2 [1.6-10.8], p = 0.003) and less favorable neurological outcomes (adjusted OR 0.4 [0.2-0.8], p = 0.007). Even among patients without AKI, lower UO portended higher mortality (40% vs 15% vs 9% for UO groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher UO is incrementally associated with lower in-hospital mortality and better neurological outcomes. Oliguria may be a more sensitive early prognostic marker than creatinine-based AKI after OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Sarma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Meir Tabi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kianoush Kashani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacob C Jentzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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Lazzarin T, Tonon CR, Martins D, Fávero EL, Baumgratz TD, Pereira FWL, Pinheiro VR, Ballarin RS, Queiroz DAR, Azevedo PS, Polegato BF, Okoshi MP, Zornoff L, Rupp de Paiva SA, Minicucci MF. Post-Cardiac Arrest: Mechanisms, Management, and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010259. [PMID: 36615059 PMCID: PMC9820907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is an important public health issue, with a survival rate of approximately 15 to 22%. A great proportion of these deaths occur after resuscitation due to post-cardiac arrest syndrome, which is characterized by the ischemia-reperfusion injury that affects the role body. Understanding physiopathology is mandatory to discover new treatment strategies and obtain better results. Besides improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers, the great increase in survival rates observed in recent decades is due to new approaches to post-cardiac arrest care. In this review, we will discuss physiopathology, etiologies, and post-resuscitation care, emphasizing targeted temperature management, early coronary angiography, and rehabilitation.
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Kim GW, Roh YI, Cha KC, Hwang SO, Han JH, Jung WJ. Diet-related complications according to the timing of enteral nutrition support in patients who recovered from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity score matched analysis. Acute Crit Care 2022; 37:610-617. [DOI: 10.4266/acc.2022.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A proper nutritional plan for resuscitated patients is important in intensive care; however, specific nutritional guidelines have not yet been established. This study aimed to determine the incidence of diet-related complications that were affected by the timing of enteral nutrition in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest.Methods: This retrospective and 1:1 propensity score matching study involved patients who recovered after nontraumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at a tertiary hospital. Patients were divided into an early enteral nutrition support (ENS) group and a delayed enteral nutrition support (DNS) group according to the nutritional support time within 48 hours after admission. The incidence of major clinical complications was compared between the groups.Results: A total of 46 patients (ENS, 23; DNS, 23) were enrolled in the study. There were no differences in body mass index, comorbidity, and time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation between the two groups. There were 9 patients (ENS: 4, DNS: 5) with aspiration pneumonia; 4 patients (ENS: 2, DNS: 2) with regurgitation; one patient (ENS: 0, DNS: 1) with ileus; 21 patients (ENS: 10, DNS: 11) with fever; 13 patients (ENS: 8, DNS: 5) with hypoglycemia; and 20 patients (ENS: 11, DNS: 9) with hyperglycemia. The relative risk of each complication during post-resuscitation care was no different between groups.Conclusions: There was a similar incidence of diet-related complications during post cardiac arrest care according to the timing of enteral nutrition.
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5
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Genovesi S, Regolisti G, Burlacu A, Covic A, Combe C, Mitra S, Basile C. The conundrum of the complex relationship between acute kidney injury and cardiac arrhythmias. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:1097-1112. [PMID: 35777072 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid increase in serum creatinine levels, reduced urine output, or both. Death may occur in 16%-49% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit with severe AKI. Complex arrhythmias are a potentially serious complication in AKI patients with pre-existing or AKI-induced heart damage and myocardial dysfunction, fluid overload, and especially electrolyte and acid-base disorders representing the pathogenetic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. Cardiac arrhythmias, in turn, increase the risk of poor renal outcomes, including AKI. Arrhythmic risk in AKI patients receiving kidney replacement treatment may be reduced by modifying dialysis/replacement fluid composition. The most common arrhythmia observed in AKI patients is atrial fibrillation. Severe hyperkalemia, sometimes combined with hypocalcemia, causes severe bradyarrhythmias in this clinical setting. Although the likelihood of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias is reportedly low, the combination of cardiac ischemia and specific electrolyte or acid-base abnormalities may increase this risk, particularly in AKI patients who require kidney replacement treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available epidemiological, pathophysiological, and prognostic evidence aiming to clarify the complex relationships between AKI and cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Genovesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Nephrology Clinic, Monza, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Regolisti
- Clinica e Immunologia Medica -Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alexandru Burlacu
- Department of Interventional Cardiology - Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, and 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Center - 'C.I. Parhon' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Christian Combe
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse Aphérèse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, and Unité INSERM 1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandip Mitra
- Department of Nephrology, Manchester Academy of Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Carlo Basile
- Associazione Nefrologica Gabriella Sebastio, Martina Franca, Italy
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6
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Lee DH, Lee BK, Cho YS, Kim DK, Ryu SJ, Min JH, Park JS, Jeung KW, Kim HJ, Youn CS. Heat loss augmented by extracorporeal circulation is associated with overcooling in cardiac arrest survivors who underwent targeted temperature management. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6186. [PMID: 35418577 PMCID: PMC9007968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association of extracorporeal circuit-based devices with temperature management and neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who underwent targeted temperature management. Patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or continuous renal replacement therapy were classified as the extracorporeal group. We calculated the cooling rate during the induction period and time-weighted core temperatures (TWCT) during the maintenance period. We defined the sum of TWCT above or below 33 °C as positive and negative TWCT, respectively, and the sum of TWCT above 33.5 °C or below 32.5 °C as undercooling or overcooling, respectively. The primary outcome was the negative TWCT. The secondary outcomes were positive TWCT, cooling rate, undercooling, overcooling, and poor neurological outcomes, defined as Cerebral Performance Category 3–5. Among 235 patients, 150 (63.8%) had poor neurological outcomes and 52 (22.1%) were assigned to the extracorporeal group. The extracorporeal group (β, 0.307; p < 0.001) had increased negative TWCT, rapid cooling rate (1.77 °C/h [1.22–4.20] vs. 1.24 °C/h [0.77–1.79]; p = 0.005), lower positive TWCT (33.4 °C∙min [24.9–46.2] vs. 54.6 °C∙min [29.9–87.0]), and higher overcooling (5.01 °C min [0.00–10.08] vs. 0.33 °C min [0.00–3.78]). However, the neurological outcome was not associated with the use of extracorporeal devices (odds ratio, 1.675; 95% confidence interval, 0.685–4.094).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Soo Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejoen, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejoen, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Jeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Song Youn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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A Novel Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Framework for Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury-Related Delirium in Patients Who Underwent Cardiovascular Surgery. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4242069. [PMID: 35341014 PMCID: PMC8956431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4242069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be caused by multiple etiologies and is characterized by a sudden and severe decrease in kidney function. Understanding the independent risk factors associated with the development of AKI and its early detection can refine the risk management and clinical decision-making of high-risk patients after cardiovascular surgery. A retrospective analysis was performed in a single teaching hospital between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. The diagnostic performance of novel biomarkers was assessed using random forest, support vector machine, and multivariate logistic regression. The nomogram from multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with AKI indicated that only LVEF, red blood cell input, and ICUmvat contribute to AKI differentiation and that the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Seven radiomics biomarkers were found among 65 patients to be highly correlated with AKI-associated delirium. The importance of the variables was determined using the multilayer perceptron model; fivefold cross-validation was applied to determine the most important delirium risk factors in radiomics of the hippocampus. Finally, we established a radiomics-based machine learning framework to predict AKI-induced delirium in patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery.
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8
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Patyna S, Riekert K, Buettner S, Wagner A, Volk J, Weiler H, Erath-Honold JW, Geiger H, Fichtlscherer S, Honold J. Acute kidney injury after in-hospital cardiac arrest in a predominant internal medicine and cardiology patient population: incidence, risk factors, and impact on survival. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1163-1169. [PMID: 34315321 PMCID: PMC8330738 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1956538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prognosis of survivors from cardiac arrest is generally poor. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common finding in these patients. In general, AKI is well characterized as a marker of adverse outcome. In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) represents a special subset of cardiac arrest scenarios with differential predisposing factors and courses after the event, compared to out-of-hospital resuscitations. Data about AKI in survivors after in-hospital cardiac arrest are scarce. Methods In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients after IHCA for incidence and risk factors of AKI and its prognostic impact on mortality. For inclusion in the analysis, patients had to survive at least 48 h after IHCA. Results A total of 238 IHCA events with successful resuscitation and survival beyond 48 h after the initial event were recorded. Of those, 89.9% were patients of internal medicine, and 10.1% of patients from surgery, neurology or other departments. In 120/238 patients (50.4%), AKI was diagnosed. In 28 patients (23.3%), transient or permanent renal replacement therapy had to be initiated. Male gender, preexisting chronic kidney disease and a non-shockable first ECG rhythm during resuscitation were significantly associated with a higher incidence of AKI in IHCA-survivors. In-hospital mortality in survivors from IHCA without AKI was 29.7%, and 60.8% in patients after IHCA who developed AKI (p < 0.01 between groups). By multivariate analysis, AKI after IHCA persisted as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (HR 3.7 (95% CI 2.14–6.33, p ≤ 0.01)). Conclusion In this cohort of survivors from IHCA, AKI is a frequent finding, with adverse impact on outcome. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to prevent AKI in post-IHCA patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Patyna
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kirsten Riekert
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Buettner
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Volk
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helge Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia W Erath-Honold
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helmut Geiger
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Fichtlscherer
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Honold
- Department of Internal Medicine III/Cardiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Combination of neuron-specific enolase measurement and initial neurological examination for the prediction of neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15067. [PMID: 34302037 PMCID: PMC8302684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the combination of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement and initial neurological examination in predicting the neurological outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest (CA) by retrospectively analyzing data from the Korean Hypothermia Network prospective registry. NSE levels were recorded at 48 and 72 h after CA. The initial Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were recorded. These variables were categorized using the scorecard method. The primary endpoint was poor neurological outcomes at 6 months. Of the 475 patients, 171 (36%) had good neurological outcomes at 6 months. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the categorized NSE levels at 72 h, GCS score, and FOUR score were 0.889, 0.722, and 0.779, respectively. The AUCs of the combinations of categorized NSE levels at 72 h with categorized GCS scores and FOUR score were 0.910 and 0.912, respectively. Each combination was significantly higher than the AUC value of the categorized NSE level at 72 h alone (with GCS: p = 0.015; with FOUR: p = 0.026). Combining NSE measurement and initial neurological examination improved the prediction of neurological outcomes.
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10
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Wang C, Wang Z, Wang G, Lau JYN, Zhang K, Li W. COVID-19 in early 2021: current status and looking forward. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:114. [PMID: 33686059 PMCID: PMC7938042 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first description of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes the infection/disease (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic, and as of today, >100 million people globally in over 210 countries have been confirmed to have been infected and two million people have died of COVID-19. This brief review summarized what we have hitherto learned in the following areas: epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis, diagnosis, use of artificial intelligence in assisting diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development. As there are a number of parallel developments in each of these areas and some of the development and deployment were at unprecedented speed, we also provided some specific dates for certain development and milestones so that the readers can appreciate the timing of some of these critical events. Of note is the fact that there are diagnostics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines developed and approved by a regulatory within 1 year after the virus was discovered. As a number of developments were conducted in parallel, we also provided the specific dates of a number of critical events so that readers can appreciate the evolution of these research data and our understanding. The world is working together to combat this pandemic. This review also highlights the research and development directions in these areas that will evolve rapidly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Johnson Yiu-Nam Lau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kang Zhang
- Center for Biomedicine and Innovations, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, and University Hospital, Macau, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Abstract
More than 356 000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in the United States annually. Complications involving post-cardiac arrest syndrome occur because of ischemic-reperfusion injury to the brain, lungs, heart, and kidneys. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome is a clinical state that involves global brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, macrocirculatory dysfunction, increased vulnerability to infection, and persistent precipitating pathology (ie, the cause of the arrest). The severity of outcomes varies and depends on precipitating factors, patient health before cardiac arrest, duration of time to return of spontaneous circulation, and underlying comorbidities. In this article, the pathophysiology and treatment of post-cardiac arrest syndrome are reviewed and potential novel therapies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dalessio
- Linda Dalessio is Associate Professor of Nursing, Western Connecticut State University, 181 White Street, Danbury, CT 06810
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12
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Choi YH, Lee DH, Lee JH. The title: serum neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin at 3 hours after return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia: early predictor of acute kidney injury. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:389. [PMID: 32894077 PMCID: PMC7487645 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) could be used as a predictive marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who are managed with targeted temperature management (TTM). However, the NGAL measurement timepoints vary from immediately after ROSC to several days later. The primary objective of this study was to determine an association between AKI and NGAL, both immediately (ROSC-NGAL) and 3 h after ROSC (3 h-NGAL), in OHCA patients with TTM. The secondary objective was to ascertain the association between NGAL levels in the early post-ROSC phase and the neurologic outcomes at discharge. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2018 and enrolled adult OHCA patients (≥18 years) with TTM after ROSC. The serum NGAL level was measured both immediately and 3 h after ROSC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the associations between AKI, poor neurologic outcome, and NGAL. Results Among 861 OHCA patients, 89 patients were enrolled. AKI occurred in 48 (55.1%) patients. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, 3 h-NGAL was significantly associated with AKI (odds ratio [OR] 1.022; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009–1.035; p = 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 3 h-NGAL for AKI was 0.910 (95% CI 0.830–0.960), and a cut-off value of 178 ng/mL was identified. Both ROSC-NGAL and 3 h-NGAL were not significantly associated with poor neurologic outcome on multivariate logistic regression analysis (ROSC-NGAL; OR 1.017; 95% CI 0.998–1.036; p = 0.084, 3 h-NGAL; OR 0.997; 95% CI 0.992–1.001; p = 0.113). Conclusions The serum NGAL concentration measured 3 h after ROSC is an excellent early predictive marker for AKI in OHCA patients treated with TTM. Future research is needed to identify the optimal measurement timepoint to establish NGAL as a predictor of neurologic outcome and to validate the findings of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, South Korea.
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13
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Abdalrahim MS, Khalil AA, Alramly M, Alshlool KN, Abed MA, Moser DK. Pre-existing chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury among critically ill patients. Heart Lung 2020; 49:626-629. [PMID: 32354485 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) on health outcomes in critically ill patients is unclear. Yet, CKD complicated by AKI in critically ill patients is common. OBJECTIVES To compare risk of death within one-month of admission in critically ill patients with and without pre-existing CKD who developed AKI. METHODS A multicenter retrospective comparative study using medical records review was conducted. Study participants consisted of 826 adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for at least 6 h in the critical care units from January 2012 to December 2017. Assessment of kidney function was established by serum creatinine. Severity and staging of AKI were defined using RIFLE criteria: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End stage of renal disease. Chronic kidney disease was defined as eGFR > 60 ml/mg/1.73 m2 on admission. RESULTS Pre-existing CKD was present in 55% of patients and 7% had AKI within 7 days of admission. The overall mortality rate among these patients was 87.3%. The mortality rate was highest in patients with CKD (70.1%) followed by that of patients without pre-existing CKD but with AKI (20.7%) and that of patients with pre-existing CKD (7.1%) and AKI. Risks associated with mortality were APACHE II score (1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.05;(P<0.001) and AKI (1.68; 95% CI 1.12-2.5;P<0.01) in patients with pre-existing CKD. Only APACHI-II (1.03; 95% CI 1.0-1.1; p < 0.001) was predictive of death in patients without pre-existing CKD. CONCLUSION Pre-existing comorbid CKD increases risks of death among critically ill patients compared to patients without CKD and regardless of whether they develop AKI or not. Early identification of CKD and recognition of the risk for mortality among these patients may result in earlier intervention that could reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amani A Khalil
- School of Nursing-the University of Jordan, Amman 11942 Jordan.
| | - Manal Alramly
- School of Nursing-the University of Jordan, Amman 11942 Jordan.
| | | | - Mona A Abed
- Adult Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing- Hashemite University, Amman 11962 Jordan.
| | - Debra K Moser
- University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, 2201 Regency Rd, Suite 403, Lexington, KY 40503, USA.
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