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Prakapenka D, Liang Z, Zaabza HB, VanRaden PM, Van Tassell CP, Da Y. Large-Sample Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance to Retained Placenta in U.S. Holstein Cows. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5551. [PMID: 38791589 PMCID: PMC11122073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A genome-wide association study of resistance to retained placenta (RETP) using 632,212 Holstein cows and 74,747 SNPs identified 200 additive effects with p-values < 10-8 on thirteen chromosomes but no dominance effect was statistically significant. The regions of 87.61-88.74 Mb of Chr09 about 1.13 Mb in size had the most significant effect in LOC112448080 and other highly significant effects in CCDC170 and ESR1, and in or near RMND1 and AKAP12. Four non-ESR1 genes in this region were reported to be involved in ESR1 fusions in humans. Chr23 had the largest number of significant effects that peaked in SLC17A1, which was involved in urate metabolism and transport that could contribute to kidney disease. The PKHD1 gene contained seven significant effects and was downstream of another six significant effects. The ACOT13 gene also had a highly significant effect. Both PKHD1 and ACOT13 were associated with kidney disease. Another highly significant effect was upstream of BOLA-DQA2. The KITLG gene of Chr05 that acts in utero in germ cell and neural cell development, and hematopoiesis was upstream of a highly significant effect, contained a significant effect, and was between another two significant effects. The results of this study provided a new understanding of genetic factors underlying RETP in U.S. Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzianis Prakapenka
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Zuoxiang Liang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hafedh B. Zaabza
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Paul M. VanRaden
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Curtis P. Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yang Da
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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2
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Hancock GR, Gertz J, Jeselsohn R, Fanning SW. Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mutations, Truncations, Heterodimers, and Therapies. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae051. [PMID: 38643482 PMCID: PMC11075793 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Annual breast cancer (BCa) deaths have declined since its apex in 1989 concomitant with widespread adoption of hormone therapies that target estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), the prominent nuclear receptor expressed in ∼80% of BCa. However, up to ∼50% of patients who are ER+ with high-risk disease experience post endocrine therapy relapse and metastasis to distant organs. The vast majority of BCa mortality occurs in this setting, highlighting the inadequacy of current therapies. Genomic abnormalities to ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, emerge under prolonged selective pressure to enable endocrine therapy resistance. These genetic lesions include focal gene amplifications, hotspot missense mutations in the ligand binding domain, truncations, fusions, and complex interactions with other nuclear receptors. Tumor cells utilize aberrant ERα activity to proliferate, spread, and evade therapy in BCa as well as other cancers. Cutting edge studies on ERα structural and transcriptional relationships are being harnessed to produce new therapies that have shown benefits in patients with ESR1 hotspot mutations. In this review we discuss the history of ERα, current research unlocking unknown aspects of ERα signaling including the structural basis for receptor antagonism, and future directions of ESR1 investigation. In addition, we discuss the development of endocrine therapies from their inception to present day and survey new avenues of drug development to improve pharmaceutical profiles, targeting, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Hancock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60513, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean W Fanning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60513, USA
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3
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Hu L, Tiesinga J. Case report: Primary vulvar adenocarcinoma of mammary gland type-its genetic characteristics by focused next-generation sequencing. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611376. [PMID: 38572338 PMCID: PMC10989740 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammary-like vulvar adenocarcinoma (MLVA) is an exceedingly rare subtype of vulvar adenocarcinoma that shares features with mammary gland tissue. Due to its rarity and lack of consensus, MLVA presents diagnostic challenges to pathologists. We present the case of a 59-year-old female with an ulcerated mass on the right side of the external genitalia, diagnosed as MLVA. Comprehensive immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene sequencing studies were performed to characterize the tumor. IHC analysis revealed triple expression of hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2), supporting the mammary gland origin of the tumor. Gene sequencing identified unique genetic mutations associated with the expression of hormonal markers. One fusion gene (ERBB2-NAGLU) has not been reported in any tumors, and other mutations with unique mutation types have not been previously reported in MLVA. Our findings shed light on the molecular characteristics of MLV and may help improve the diagnosis and treatment of this rare type of vulvar adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hu
- Alaska Native Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Anchorage, AK, United States
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4
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Arjuna S, Shah M, Dono A, Nunez-Rubiano L, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Zhu JJ, Riascos RF, Luthra R, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Duose D, Wang DH, Lang FF, Esquenazi Y, Ballester LY. Rapid detection of mutations in CSF-cfTNA with the Genexus Integrated Sequencer. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:39-49. [PMID: 38160230 PMCID: PMC11264431 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic alterations are fundamental for molecular-guided therapy in patients with breast and lung cancer. However, the turn-around time of standard next-generation sequencing assays is a limiting factor in the timely delivery of genomic information for clinical decision-making. METHODS In this study, we evaluated genomic alterations in 54 cerebrospinal fluid samples from 33 patients with metastatic lung cancer and metastatic breast cancer to the brain using the Oncomine Precision Assay on the Genexus sequencer. There were nine patients with samples collected at multiple time points. RESULTS Cell-free total nucleic acids (cfTNA) were extracted from CSF (0.1-11.2 ng/μl). Median base coverage was 31,963× with cfDNA input ranging from 2 to 20 ng. Mutations were detected in 30/54 CSF samples. Nineteen (19/24) samples with no mutations detected had suboptimal DNA input (< 20 ng). The EGFR exon-19 deletion and PIK3CA mutations were detected in two patients with increasing mutant allele fraction over time, highlighting the potential of CSF-cfTNA analysis for monitoring patients. Moreover, the EGFR T790M mutation was detected in one patient with prior EGFR inhibitor treatment. Additionally, ESR1 D538G and ESR1::CCDC170 alterations, associated with endocrine therapy resistance, were detected in 2 mBC patients. The average TAT from cfTNA-to-results was < 24 h. CONCLUSION In summary, our results indicate that CSF-cfTNA analysis with the Genexus-OPA can provide clinically relevant information in patients with brain metastases with short TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Arjuna
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mauli Shah
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Dono
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Nunez-Rubiano
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel S Pichardo-Rojas
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roy F Riascos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dzifa Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel H Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA.
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Precision Health, Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetic Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Hsu YC, Chen HL, Cheng CF, Chattopadhyay A, Chen PS, Lin CC, Chiang HY, Liu TY, Huang CH, Kuo CC, Chuang EY, Lu TP, Tsai FJ. The largest genome-wide association study for breast cancer in Taiwanese Han population. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:291-306. [PMID: 37851288 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, and multiple genetic variants contribute to its development and prognosis. Most of previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) analyses focused on studying breast cancers of Caucasian populations, which may not be applicable to other population. Therefore, we conducted the largest breast cancer cohort of Taiwanese population to fill in the knowledge gap. METHODS A total of 152,534 Participants recruited by China Medical University Hospital between 2003 and 2019 were filtered by several patient selection criteria and GWAS quality control steps, resulting in the inclusion of 2496 cases and 9984 controls for this study. We then conducted GWAS for all breast cancers and PRS analyses for all breast cancers and the four breast cancer subtypes, including luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, and HER2-enriched. RESULTS The GWAS analyses identified 113 SNPs, 50 of which were novel. The PRS models for all breast cancers and the luminal A subtype showed positively correlated trends between the PRS and the risk of developing breast cancer. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the groups with the highest PRS in all breast cancers and the luminal A subtype were 5.33 (3.79-7.66) and 3.55 (2.13-6.14), respectively. CONCLUSION In summary, we explored the association of genetic variants with breast cancer in the largest Taiwanese cohort and developed two PRS models that can predict the risk of developing any breast cancer and the luminal A subtype in Taiwanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Hsu
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Institute of Statistical Science, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Amrita Chattopadhyay
- Center for Translational Genomic Research, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Chen
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chen Lin
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yin Chiang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Huang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Lawson M, Cureton N, Ros S, Cheraghchi-Bashi A, Urosevic J, D'Arcy S, Delpuech O, DuPont M, Fisher DI, Gangl ET, Lewis H, Trueman D, Wali N, Williamson SC, Moss J, Montaudon E, Derrien H, Marangoni E, Miragaia RJ, Gagrica S, Morentin-Gutierrez P, Moss TA, Maglennon G, Sutton D, Polanski R, Rosen A, Cairns J, Zhang P, Sánchez-Guixé M, Serra V, Critchlow SE, Scott JS, Lindemann JP, Barry ST, Klinowska T, Morrow CJ, S Carnevalli L. The Next-Generation Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader Camizestrant (AZD9833) Suppresses ER+ Breast Cancer Growth and Overcomes Endocrine and CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3989-4004. [PMID: 37725704 PMCID: PMC10690091 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) could become the backbone of endocrine therapy (ET) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, as they achieve greater inhibition of ER-driven cancers than current ETs and overcome key resistance mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the preclinical pharmacology and efficacy of the next-generation oral SERD camizestrant (AZD9833) and assessed ER-co-targeting strategies by combining camizestrant with CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-targeted therapy in models of progression on CDK4/6i and/or ET. Camizestrant demonstrated robust and selective ER degradation, modulated ER-regulated gene expression, and induced complete ER antagonism and significant antiproliferation activity in ESR1 wild-type (ESR1wt) and mutant (ESR1m) breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Camizestrant also delivered strong antitumor activity in fulvestrant-resistant ESR1wt and ESR1m PDX models. Evaluation of camizestrant in combination with CDK4/6i (palbociclib or abemaciclib) in CDK4/6-naive and -resistant models, as well as in combination with PI3Kαi (alpelisib), mTORi (everolimus), or AKTi (capivasertib), indicated that camizestrant was active with CDK4/6i or PI3K/AKT/mTORi and that antitumor activity was further increased by the triple combination. The response was observed independently of PI3K pathway mutation status. Overall, camizestrant shows strong and broad antitumor activity in ER+ breast cancer as a monotherapy and when combined with CDK4/6i and PI3K/AKT/mTORi. SIGNIFICANCE Camizestrant, a next-generation oral SERD, shows promise in preclinical models of ER+ breast cancer alone and in combination with CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors to address endocrine resistance, a current barrier to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Lawson
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Cureton
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Ros
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jelena Urosevic
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie D'Arcy
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oona Delpuech
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle DuPont
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - David I. Fisher
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric T. Gangl
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary Lewis
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Trueman
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neha Wali
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer Moss
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Sladjana Gagrica
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas A. Moss
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Sutton
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Radoslaw Polanski
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Rosen
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Cairns
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pei Zhang
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mònica Sánchez-Guixé
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan E. Critchlow
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Scott
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon T. Barry
- The Discovery Centre, Biomedical Campus, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Klinowska
- Late Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Zboril EK, Grible JM, Boyd DC, Hairr NS, Leftwich TJ, Esquivel MF, Duong AK, Turner SA, Ferreira-Gonzalez A, Olex AL, Sartorius CA, Dozmorov MG, Harrell JC. Stratification of Tamoxifen Synergistic Combinations for the Treatment of ER+ Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3179. [PMID: 37370789 PMCID: PMC10296623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer alone accounts for the majority of cancer deaths among women, with the most commonly diagnosed subtype being estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Survival has greatly improved for patients with ER+ breast cancer, due in part to the development of antiestrogen compounds, such as tamoxifen. While treatment of the primary disease is often successful, as many as 30% of patients will experience recurrence and metastasis, mainly due to developed endocrine therapy resistance. In this study, we discovered two tamoxifen combination therapies, with simeprevir and VX-680, that reduce the tumor burden in animal models of ER+ breast cancer more than either compound or tamoxifen alone. Additionally, these tamoxifen combinations reduced the expression of HER2, a hallmark of tamoxifen treatment, which can facilitate acquisition of a treatment-resistant phenotype. These combinations could provide clinical benefit by potentiating tamoxifen treatment in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Zboril
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Grible
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - David C. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
- Integrative Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nicole S. Hairr
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Tess J. Leftwich
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Madelyn F. Esquivel
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Alex K. Duong
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | - Scott A. Turner
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
| | | | - Amy L. Olex
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carol A. Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - J. Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.K.Z.)
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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8
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Liu CC, Wang XS. Are cis-spliced fusion proteins pathological in more aggressive luminal breast cancer? Oncotarget 2023; 14:595-596. [PMID: 37306551 PMCID: PMC10259257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- Correspondence to:Xiao-Song Wang, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA email
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9
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Brett JO, Ritterhouse LL, Newman ET, Irwin KE, Dawson M, Ryan LY, Spring LM, Rivera MN, Lennerz JK, Dias-Santagata D, Ellisen LW, Bardia A, Wander SA. Clinical Implications and Treatment Strategies for ESR1 Fusions in Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Series. Oncologist 2022; 28:172-179. [PMID: 36493359 PMCID: PMC9907034 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC), endocrine resistance is commonly due to genetic alterations of ESR1, the gene encoding estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). While ESR1 point mutations (ESR1-MUT) cause acquired resistance to aromatase inhibition (AI) through constitutive activation, far less is known about the molecular functions and clinical consequences of ESR1 fusions (ESR1-FUS). This case series discusses 4 patients with HR+ MBC with ESR1-FUS in the context of the existing ESR1-FUS literature. We consider therapeutic strategies and raise the hypothesis that CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) may be effective against ESR1-FUS with functional ligand-binding domain swaps. These cases highlight the importance of screening for ESR1-FUS in patients with HR+ MBC while continuing investigation of precision treatments for these genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Brett
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren L Ritterhouse
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik T Newman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly E Irwin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Dawson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lianne Y Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Spring
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A Wander
- Corresponding author: Seth A. Wander, MD, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Tel: +1 617 726 6500; E-mail:
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10
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Molecular characterization of ESR1 variants in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:279-289. [PMID: 36125660 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations and fusions typically arise in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer after aromatase inhibitor therapy, whereby ESR1 is constitutively activated in a ligand-independent manner. These variants can impact treatment response. Herein, we characterize ESR1 variants among molecularly profiled advanced breast cancers. METHODS DNA next-generation sequencing (592-gene panel) data from 9860 breast cancer samples were retrospectively reviewed. Gene fusions were detected using the ArcherDx fusion assay or whole transcriptome sequencing (n = 344 and n = 4305, respectively). Statistical analyses included Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS An ESR1 ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutation was detected in 8.6% of tumors evaluated and a pathogenic ESR1 fusion was detected in 1.6%. Most ESR1 LBD mutations/fusions were from estrogen receptor (ER)-positive samples (20.1% and 4.9%, respectively). The most common ESR1 LBD mutations included D538G (3.3%), Y537S (2.3%), and E380Q (1.1%) mutations. Among biopsy sites, ESR1 LBD mutations were most observed in liver metastases. Pathogenic ESR1 fusions were identified in 76 samples (1.6%) with 40 unique fusion partners. Evaluating co-alterations, ESR1 variant (mutation/fusion) samples more frequently expressed androgen receptor (78.0% vs 58.6, P < 0.0001) and less frequently immune checkpoint proteins than ESR1 wild-type (PD-1 20.0% vs 53.4, P < 0.05; immune cell PD-L1 10.0% vs 30.2, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION We have described one of the largest series of ESR1 fusions reported. ESR1 LBD mutations were commonly identified in ER-positive disease. Limited data exists regarding the clinical impact of ESR1 fusions, which could be an area for future therapeutic exploration.
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11
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Loo SK, Yates ME, Yang S, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Wang X. Fusion-associated carcinomas of the breast: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:261-273. [PMID: 35106856 PMCID: PMC8930468 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gene fusions comprise a class of viable genetic targets in solid tumors that have culminated several recent breakthrough cancer therapies. Their role in breast cancer, however, remains largely underappreciated due to the complexity of genomic rearrangements in breast malignancy. Just recently, we and others have identified several recurrent gene fusions in breast cancer with important clinical and biological implications. Examples of the most significant recurrent gene fusions to date include (1) ESR1::CCDC170 gene fusions in luminal B and endocrine-resistant breast cancer that exert oncogenic function via modulating the HER2/HER3/SRC Proto-Oncogene (SRC) complex, (2) ESR1 exon 6 fusions in metastatic disease that drive estrogen-independent estrogen-receptor transcriptional activity, (3) BCL2L14::ETV6 fusions in a more aggressive form of the triple-negative subtype that prime epithelial-mesenchymal transition and endow paclitaxel resistance, (4) the ETV6::NTRK3 fusion in secretory breast carcinoma that constitutively activates NTRK3 kinase, (5) the oncogenic MYB-NFIB fusion as a genetic driver underpinning adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast that activates MYB Proto-Oncogene (MYB) pathway, and (6) the NOTCH/microtubule-associated serine-threonine (MAST) kinase gene fusions that activate NOTCH and MAST signaling. Importantly, these fusions are enriched in more aggressive and lethal breast cancer presentations and appear to confer therapeutic resistance. Thus, these gene fusions could be utilized as genetic biomarkers to identify patients who require more intensive treatment and surveillance. In addition, kinase fusions are currently being evaluated in breast cancer clinical trials and ongoing mechanistic investigation is exposing therapeutic vulnerabilities in patients with fusion-positive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Megan E. Yates
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Integrative Systems Biology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Sichun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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12
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Vitale SR, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, Timmermans AM, Foekens R, Trapman-Jansen AMAC, Beaufort CM, Vigneri P, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM, Sieuwerts AM, Jansen MPHM. The prognostic and predictive value of ESR1 fusion gene transcripts in primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:165. [PMID: 35151276 PMCID: PMC8840267 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In breast cancer (BC), recurrent fusion genes of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and AKAP12, ARMT1 and CCDC170 have been reported. In these gene fusions the ligand binding domain of ESR1 has been replaced by the transactivation domain of the fusion partner constitutively activating the receptor. As a result, these gene fusions can drive tumor growth hormone independently as been shown in preclinical models, but the clinical value of these fusions have not been reported. Here, we studied the prognostic and predictive value of different frequently reported ESR1 fusion transcripts in primary BC. Methods We evaluated 732 patients with primary BC (131 ESR1-negative and 601 ESR1-positive cases), including two ER-positive BC patient cohorts: one cohort of 322 patients with advanced disease who received first-line endocrine therapy (ET) (predictive cohort), and a second cohort of 279 patients with lymph node negative disease (LNN) who received no adjuvant systemic treatment (prognostic cohort). Fusion gene transcript levels were measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. The presence of the different fusion transcripts was associated, in uni- and multivariable Cox regression analysis taking along current clinico-pathological characteristics, to progression free survival (PFS) during first-line endocrine therapy in the predictive cohort, and disease- free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the prognostic cohort. Results The ESR1-CCDC170 fusion transcript was present in 27.6% of the ESR1-positive BC subjects and in 2.3% of the ESR1-negative cases. In the predictive cohort, none of the fusion transcripts were associated with response to first-line ET. In the prognostic cohort, the median DFS and OS were respectively 37 and 93 months for patients with an ESR1-CCDC170 exon 8 gene fusion transcript and respectively 91 and 212 months for patients without this fusion transcript. In a multivariable analysis, this ESR1-CCDC170 fusion transcript was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8 (1.2–2.8), P = 0.005) and OS (HR (95% CI: 1.7 (1.1–2.7), P = 0.023). Conclusions Our study shows that in primary BC only ESR1-CCDC170 exon 8 gene fusion transcript carries prognostic value. None of the ESR1 fusion transcripts, which are considered to have constitutive ER activity, was predictive for outcome in BC with advanced disease treated with endocrine treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09265-1.
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13
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Nagy Z, Jeselsohn R. ESR1 fusions and therapeutic resistance in metastatic breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1037531. [PMID: 36686845 PMCID: PMC9848494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1037531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignant tumor, and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The most common subtype of breast cancer is hormone receptor positive that expresses the estrogen receptor (ER). Targeting ER with endocrine therapy (ET) is the current standard of care for ER positive (ER+) breast cancer, reducing mortality by up to 40% in early- stage disease. However, resistance to ET represents a major clinical challenge for ER+ breast cancer patients leading to disease recurrence or progression of metastatic disease. Salient drivers of ET resistance are missense mutations in the ER gene (ESR1) leading to constitutive transcriptional activity and reduced ET sensitivity. These mutations are particularly prominent and deleterious in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In addition to activating ESR1 point mutations, emerging evidence imposes that chromosomal translocation involving the ESR1 gene can also drive ET resistance through the formation of chimeric transcription factors with constitutive transcriptional activity. Although these ESR1 gene fusions are relatively rare, they are enriched in ET resistant metastatic disease. This review discusses the characteristics of ER fusion proteins and their association with clinical outcomes in more aggressive and metastatic breast cancer. The structure and classification of ER fusion proteins based on function and clinical significance are also addressed. Finally, this review summarizes the metastatic phenotypes exhibited by the ER fusion proteins and their role in intrinsic ET resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rinath Jeselsohn, ; Zsuzsanna Nagy,
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rinath Jeselsohn, ; Zsuzsanna Nagy,
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Saatci O, Huynh-Dam KT, Sahin O. Endocrine resistance in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1691-1710. [PMID: 34623477 PMCID: PMC8611518 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) breast cancer accounts for approximately 75% of all breast cancers. Endocrine therapies, including selective ER modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and selective ER down-regulators (SERDs) provide substantial clinical benefit by reducing the risk of disease recurrence and mortality. However, resistance to endocrine therapies represents a major challenge, limiting the success of ER + breast cancer treatment. Mechanisms of endocrine resistance involve alterations in ER signaling via modulation of ER (e.g., ER downregulation, ESR1 mutations or fusions); alterations in ER coactivators/corepressors, transcription factors (TFs), nuclear receptors and epigenetic modulators; regulation of signaling pathways; modulation of cell cycle regulators; stress signaling; and alterations in tumor microenvironment, nutrient stress, and metabolic regulation. Current therapeutic strategies to improve outcome of endocrine-resistant patients in clinics include inhibitors against mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit, p110α. Preclinical studies reveal novel therapeutic targets, some of which are currently tested in clinical trials as single agents or in combination with endocrine therapies, such as ER partial agonists, ER proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), next-generation SERDs, AKT inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor 1 and 2 (EGFR/HER2) dual inhibitors, HER2 targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the established and emerging mechanisms of endocrine resistance, alterations during metastatic recurrence, and discuss the approved therapies and ongoing clinical trials testing the combination of novel targeted therapies with endocrine therapy in endocrine-resistant ER + breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Saatci
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715, Sumter Street, CLS609D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kim-Tuyen Huynh-Dam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715, Sumter Street, CLS609D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715, Sumter Street, CLS609D, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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15
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Wang Z, Li Y, Wang N, Li P, Kong B, Liu Z. EVI1 overexpression promotes ovarian cancer progression by regulating estrogen signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111367. [PMID: 34146645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by TP53 mutation and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). Here we show that the oncogenic transcription factor EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site-1) is amplified and overexpressed up to 30% of 1640 HGSOC cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Functionally, EVI1 promotes proliferation/invasion in vitro and tumor growth of xenograft model in vivo. Importantly, we discover that EVI1 regulates estrogen signaling by directly activating ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1) transcription determined by the ChIP and luciferase assay. Interestingly, EVI1 and ESR1 share common regulatory targets as indicated by the analysis of ChIP-Seq data. EVI1 and ESR1 collaborate in the regulation of some estrogen receptor-regulated genes. Furthermore, EVI1 drives tumor aggressiveness partially by regulating estrogen signaling. Estrogen enhances the proliferation, invasion and xenograft growth of ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, estrogen can rescue the inhibition of proliferation, invasion and xenograft growth induced by silencing EVI1. These findings suggest that EVI1 functions as a novel regulator of the estrogen signaling network in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care and Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Hosseinalizadeh H, Mahmoodpour M, Ebrahimi A. The Role of Cell-Free Circulating DNA in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Breast Cancer. ANNALS OF CANCER RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2021; 29:169-177. [DOI: 10.4993/acrt.29.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne
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17
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Jeong JH, Yun JW, Kim HY, Heo CY, Lee S. Elucidation of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer with ESR1-CCDC170 Fusion. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040582. [PMID: 33557149 PMCID: PMC7913953 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various types of breast cancer, the luminal B subtype is the most common in young women, and ESR1-CCDC170 (E:C) fusion is the most frequent oncogenic fusion driver of the luminal B subtype. Nevertheless, treatments targeting E:C fusion has not been well established yet. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate potential therapies targeting E:C fusion based on systematic bioinformatical analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. One thousand related genes were extracted using transcriptome analysis, and major signaling pathways associated with breast cancer were identified with over-representation analysis. Then, we conducted drug-target network analysis based on the OncoKB and CIViC databases, and finally selected potentially applicable drug candidates. Six major cancer-related signaling pathways (p53, ATR/ATM, FOXM1, hedgehog, cell cycle, and Aurora B) were significantly altered in E:C fusion-positive cases of breast cancer. Further investigation revealed that nine genes (AURKB, HDAC2, PLK1, CENPA, CHEK1, CHEK2, RB1, CCNA2, and MDM2) in coordination with E:C fusion were found to be common denominators in three or more of these pathways, thereby making them promising gene biomarkers for target therapy. Among the 21 putative actionable drugs inferred by drug-target network analysis, palbociclib, alpelisib, ribociclib, dexamethasone, checkpoint kinase inhibitor AXD 7762, irinotecan, milademetan tosylate, R05045337, cisplatin, prexasertib, and olaparib were considered promising drug candidates targeting genes involved in at least two E:C fusion-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Jeong
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Jae Won Yun
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ha Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.Y.H.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-31-787-8124 (S.L.)
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.Y.H.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-31-787-8124 (S.L.)
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18
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Lee N, Park MJ, Song W, Jeon K, Jeong S. Currently Applied Molecular Assays for Identifying ESR1 Mutations in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228807. [PMID: 33233830 PMCID: PMC7699999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancers, the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, are positive for the estrogen receptor (ER). Treatment of patients with luminal subtypes is mainly based on endocrine therapy. However, ER positivity is reduced and ESR1 mutations play an important role in resistance to endocrine therapy, leading to advanced breast cancer. Various methodologies for the detection of ESR1 mutations have been developed, and the most commonly used method is next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based assays (50.0%) followed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) (45.5%). Regarding the sample type, tissue (50.0%) was more frequently used than plasma (27.3%). However, plasma (46.2%) became the most used method in 2016-2019, in contrast to 2012-2015 (22.2%). In 2016-2019, ddPCR (61.5%), rather than NGS (30.8%), became a more popular method than it was in 2012-2015. The easy accessibility, non-invasiveness, and demonstrated usefulness with high sensitivity of ddPCR using plasma have changed the trends. When using these assays, there should be a comprehensive understanding of the principles, advantages, vulnerability, and precautions for interpretation. In the future, advanced NGS platforms and modified ddPCR will benefit patients by facilitating treatment decisions efficiently based on information regarding ESR1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07440, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Min-Jeong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07440, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Wonkeun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07440, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Kibum Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07440, Korea;
| | - Seri Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07440, Korea; (N.L.); (M.-J.P.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-845-5305
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