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de Andrade PDSMA, Maria e Silva J, Carregaro V, Sacramento LA, Roberti LR, Aragon DC, Carmona F, Roxo-Junior P. Efficacy of Probiotics in Children and Adolescents With Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:833666. [PMID: 35155534 PMCID: PMC8826069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.833666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of a mixture of probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) and the effects on sensitization, inflammation, and immunological tolerance.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 60 patients aged between 6 months and 19 years with mild, moderate, or severe AD, according to the criteria proposed by Hanifin and Rajka. Patients were stratified to receive one gram per day of probiotics or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was a decrease in SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD). Secondary outcomes were to assess the role of probiotics on the use of topical and oral medicines (standard treatment), serum IgE levels, skin prick test (SPT), and tolerogenic and inflammatory cytokines. Background therapy was maintained.ResultsForty patients completed the study (24 probiotics, 16 placebo). After treatment for six months, the clinical response was significantly better in the probiotics group; the SCORAD decreased [mean difference (MD) 27.69 percentage points; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.44–52.94], even after adjustment for co-variables (MD 32.33 percentage points; 95%CI, 5.52–59.13), especially from the third month of treatment on. The reduction of the SCORAD in probiotic group persisted for three more months after the treatment had been discontinued, even after adjustment for co-variables (MD 14.24 percentage points; 95%CI, 0.78–27.70). Patients in the probiotics group required topical immunosuppressant less frequently at 6 and 9 months. No significant changes were found for IgE levels, SPT and cytokines.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with AD presented a significant clinical response after 6 months with a mixture of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Bifidobacterium lactis. However, this clinical benefit is related to treatment duration. Probiotics should be considered as an adjuvant treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorgete Maria e Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carregaro
- Department of Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Amorim Sacramento
- Department of Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Davi Casale Aragon
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Carmona
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pérsio Roxo-Junior
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Pérsio Roxo-Junior
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Host-microbiome intestinal interactions during early life: considerations for atopy and asthma development. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 20:138-148. [PMID: 32004178 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The body's largest microbial community, the gut microbiome, is in contact with mucosal surfaces populated with epithelial, immune, endocrine and nerve cells, all of which sense and respond to microbial signals. These mutual interactions have led to a functional coevolution between the microbes and human physiology. Examples of coadaptation are anaerobes Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, which have adjusted their metabolism to dietary components of human milk, and infant immune development, which has evolved to become reliant on the presence of beneficial microbes. Current research suggests that specific composition of the early-life gut microbiome aligns with the maturation of host immunity. Disruptions of natural microbial succession patterns during gut colonization are a consistent feature of immune-mediated diseases, including atopy and asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we catalog recent birth cohorts documenting associations between immune dysregulation and microbial alterations, and summarize the evidence supporting the role of the gut microbiome as an etiological determinant of immune-mediated allergic diseases. SUMMARY Ecological concepts that describe microbial dynamics in the context of the host environment, and a portray of immune and neuroendocrine signaling induced by host-microbiome interactions, have become indispensable in describing the molecular role of early-life microbiome in atopy and asthma susceptibility.
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Yang X, Sun H, Tu L, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wang M, Liu S, Wang Y, He S. Kinetics of Enzymatic Synthesis of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Lauryl Ester and Its Physicochemical Property and Proliferative Effect on Intestinal Probiotics. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080205. [PMID: 32759690 PMCID: PMC7465376 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interest in anthocyanins used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries has increased the research in order to improve their stability while maintaining bioactivity. In this work, cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester (Cy3glc-C12) was enzymatically synthesized, using Novozym 435 as a catalyst, as well as to obtain a kinetic model for the bioprocess. Its liposolubility, UV–VIS absorbance property, thermostability, and potential proliferative effect on intestinal probiotics were also studied. The maximum conversion yield (68.7 ± 2.1%) was obtained with a molar ratio (substrate:donor) of 1:56, 435 16.5 g/L Novozym, temperature of 56 °C, and a time of 28 h via the acylation occurred at 6′′-OH position of the glucoside. The kinetics of the reaction is consistent with a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism and the parameters of the respective kinetic equations are reported. Compared with native Cy3glc, the liposolubility, pH resistivity and thermostability of Cy3glc-C12 were significantly improved. The growth kinetics of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus was established based on the Logistic equation, and Cy3glc-C12 could promote their proliferation especially during the logarithmic growth, in which lower pH and more bacteria population were found compared with those of media without anthocyanins. This research provided a reference for the industrial production of Cy3glc-C12 and extended its application to natural products in lipophilic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hanju Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Agricultural Products Processing Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (S.H.); Tel.: 86-551-2901285 (H.S.)
| | - Lijun Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zuoyong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Muwen Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shuyun Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shudong He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (X.Y.); (L.T.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Agricultural Products Processing Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (S.H.); Tel.: 86-551-2901285 (H.S.)
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Ravn NH, Halling AS, Berkowitz AG, Rinnov MR, Silverberg JI, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP. How does parental history of atopic disease predict the risk of atopic dermatitis in a child? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:1182-1193. [PMID: 31887393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental history of atopic disease is a well-established risk factor for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), but several aspects of this association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association of parental history of atopic disease with AD in offspring. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE through June 2018 for relevant records and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 163 records covering 149 unique studies were included. Of these, 119 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Individuals with parental history of atopic disease had increased odds of AD (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.65-1.99). Parental asthma (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.05) and allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.34-2.11) had a smaller effect than AD (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.46-4.42). The effect of maternal and paternal history was comparable for all atopic diseases. An increase in odds was observed when comparing the effect of having 1 (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47) or 2 atopic parents (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.83-2.36), as well as having a parent with 1 (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28-1.74) or more atopic diseases (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.92-2.81). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence-based risk estimates that may guide physicians who counsel parents with a history of atopic disease about their children's risk of AD. This information is of particular importance for future efforts toward establishing prophylactic interventions for AD on a general population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Ravn
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Halling
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Maria R Rinnov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Alexander Egeberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Andrews K, Gonzalez A. Contextual risk factors impacting the colonization and development of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for children in low- and middle-income countries. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:714-728. [PMID: 30663777 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early adversities, such as poverty, maternal stress, and malnutrition, can affect the structure and functioning of the developing brain with implications for biological systems such as the intestinal microbiota. To date, most studies examining the impact of these risk factors on the development and functioning of the intestinal microbiota have primarily been conducted in high-income countries. However, arguably, children in low- and middle-income countries may be at increased risk given cumulative biological and psychosocial adversities during their development. Accumulating evidence in low- and middle-income countries has linked dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota to child health outcomes such as stunting, malnutrition, and diarrheal diseases characterized by reduced microbial diversity and elevated pathogenic bacteria, which has implications for psychosocial outcomes. This review summarizes empirical findings that highlight the association between risk factors prevalent in low- and middle-income countries and the intestinal microbiota of children. Additionally, we briefly survey the current evidence regarding the effect of nutritional interventions on the microbial composition of children in low- and middle-income countries. We conclude that these empirical studies have the capacity to inform future research investigating the influence of preventive interventions on biological systems by targeting the predominant risk factors faced by children in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta Andrews
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Do bacteria shape our development? Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and HPA axis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:458-471. [PMID: 28918360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human body contains as many bacteria in the intestine as the total number of human body cells. These bacteria have a central position in human health and disease, and would also play a role in the regulation of emotions, behavior, and even higher cognitive functions. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis) is a major physiological stress system that produces cortisol. This hormone is involved in responding to environmental stress and also shapes many aspects of brain development. Both the HPA axis and the intestinal microbiota show rapid and profound developmental changes during the first years of life. Early environmental disturbances can affect the development of both systems. Early adversity, for example, is known to lead to later unbalances in both, as well as to psychopathological behavior and emotions. The goal of this theoretical review is to summarize current knowledge on the developmental crosstalk between the intestinal microbiota and the HPA axis, providing a basis for understanding the development and bidirectional communication between these two essential systems in human functioning.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The rise in the prevalence of food allergy over the past decades has focused attention of factors that may impact disease development, most notably the gut microbiota. The gut microbial communities play a crucial role in promoting oral tolerance. Their alteration by such factors as Cesarean section delivery, diet and antibiotics may influence disease development. This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the development of food allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Food allergy is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis early in life that may be predictive of disease persistence versus tolerance acquisition. Evidence for the benefits of adjunct therapy with probiotics for the prevention of food allergies and for potentiating oral immunotherapy remains circumstantial, with further studies needed to validate its use. Studies in murine models of food allergy suggest that microbial therapy with protolerogenic bacteria such as certain Clostridial species holds promise in future applications for prevention or therapy of food allergy. SUMMARY Progress in understanding the role of dysbiosis in food allergy and the factors that promote its development, such as antibiotic therapy, diet, modes of infant delivery, and environmental exposures, offer windows of opportunity for both preventive and therapeutic interventions to stem the rising tide of the food allergy epidemic.
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