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Yadav I, Saifullah H, Mandal AK, I Kh Almadhoun MK, Elsheikh Elabadi HM, Eugene M, Suleman M, Bushra Himedan HO, Fariha F, Ahmed H, Muzammil MA, Varrassi G, Kumar S, Khatri M, Elder M, Mohamad T. Cannulation Strategies in Type A Aortic Dissection: Overlooked Details and Novel Approaches. Cureus 2023; 15:e46821. [PMID: 37954771 PMCID: PMC10636502 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection type A is a life-threatening condition that frequently necessitates surgical intervention. This review focuses on central aortic cannulation, arch branch vessel (ABV) cannulation, and proximal arch cannulation as key techniques during aortic surgery. It discusses innovative solutions for addressing these challenges. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies and emphasizes the significance of meticulous planning and execution of cannulation in aortic dissection repair. This review aims to contribute to the advancement of surgical practices and the enhancement of patient outcomes in the management of type A aortic dissection (AAD) by addressing these frequently overlooked details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Samar Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd., Janakpur, NPL
- Internal Medicine, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh, Mymensingh, BGD
| | - Hanya Saifullah
- Medicine and Surgery, CMH Lahore Medical College and the Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, PAK
| | - Arun Kumar Mandal
- Internal Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences/Oda Foundation, Pokhara, NPL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fnu Fariha
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Hanzala Ahmed
- Medicine and Surgery, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Mahir Elder
- Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Detroit, USA
| | - Tamam Mohamad
- Cardiovascular, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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Cui Y, Liu X, Xiong J, Tan Z, Du L, Lin J. Cardiopulmonary bypass for total aortic arch replacement surgery: A review of three techniques. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1109401. [PMID: 37063959 PMCID: PMC10098116 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1109401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
One treatment for acute type A aortic dissection is to replace the ascending aorta and aortic arch with a graft during circulatory arrest of the lower body, but this is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Maintaining the balance between oxygen supply and demand during circulatory arrest is the key to reducing morbidity and is the primary challenge during body perfusion. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of body perfusion techniques and to predict future development of this field. We present three perfusion techniques based on deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA): DHCA alone, DHCA with selective cerebral perfusion, and DHCA with total body perfusion. DHCA was first developed to provide a clear surgical field, but it may contribute to stroke in 4%–15% of patients. Antegrade or retrograde cerebral perfusion can provide blood flow for the brain during circulatory arrest, and it is associated with much lower stroke incidence of 3%–9%. Antegrade cerebral perfusion may be better than retrograde perfusion during longer arrest. In theory, blood flow can be provided to all vital organs through total body perfusion, which can be implemented via either arterial or venous systems, or by combining retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion with antegrade cerebral perfusion. However, whether total body perfusion is better than other techniques require further investigation in large, multicenter studies. Current techniques for perfusion during circulatory arrest remain imperfect, and a technique that effectively perfuses the upper and lower body effectively during circulatory arrest is missing. Total body perfusion should be systematically compared against selective cerebral perfusion for improving outcomes after circulatory arrest.
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Yu X, Lin J, Xiong J, Liu X, Tang Z, Du L. Perfusion of brain and viscera using modified retrograde cerebral perfusion for aortic arch surgery. Perfusion 2022:2676591221092154. [PMID: 35543366 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221092154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anterograde or retrograde cerebral perfusion can protect the brain from ischemic injury during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), but neither type of perfusion provides blood flow to the abdominal viscera. Here, we report a modified retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) technique in which we tethered both superior and inferior venae cavae with bands around the cannula and clamped the distal ends of the drainage tubes of both venae cavae. Modified RCP may provide greater blood flow to the brain and lower body than conventional RCP during HCA in hemiarch surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyue Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiali Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongcheng Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen C, Liu J, Du L. Tranexamic acid after cardiopulmonary bypass does not increase risk of postoperative seizures: a retrospective study. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 70:337-346. [PMID: 34561761 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of administering tranexamic acid (TXA) after cardiopulmonary bypass, instead of after anesthesia induction, on postoperative seizures and blood transfusion requirements. METHODS Adult patients who underwent valve surgery and/or coronary artery bypass grafting at West China Hospital between July 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients either received TXA after bypass (n = 2062) or not (n = 4236). Logistic regression and propensity score matching analysis were performed to assess effects of TXA on postoperative seizures and blood product requirements in hospital. RESULTS Among 6298 patients, seizures occurred in 2.4% (102/4236) in the no-TXA group and 2.7% (56/2062) in the TXA group (P = 0.46). The number of patients receiving any blood products was greater in the no-TXA group (57.3%, 2428/4236) than in the TXA group (53.1%, 1095/2062) (P < 0.01), and the volume of blood products was also greater in the no-TXA group (1.5 vs. 1.0 units, P < 0.01). TXA was not associated with increased incidence of postoperative seizures (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.83-1.62) but was associated with lower incidence of a requirement for blood products (adjusted OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.92). Similar results were obtained after patients from the two groups were matched based on propensity scoring. TXA was associated with reduced requirements for fresh frozen plasma, platelets and cryoprecipitate, but not red blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Administering TXA after bypass may reduce requirements for blood products without increasing risk of seizures following cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion for total aortic arch replacement surgery: a randomized pilot study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:193. [PMID: 33879045 PMCID: PMC8056667 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) under moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest is used during total aortic arch replacement surgery (TARS) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection, but it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. We hypothesized that combining ACP with retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion (RIVP) improves outcomes. Methods This pilot study was prospective, randomized, controlled and assessor-blinded. Patients scheduled for TARS were randomly treated with either ACP or RIVP + ACP. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality and major complications including paraplegia, postoperative renal failure, severe liver dysfunction, and gastrointestinal complications. Secondary outcomes included neurological complications, length of intubation and requirement of blood products. Results A total of 76 patients were recruited (n = 38 per group). Primary outcome occurred in 23 patients (61%) in the ACP group and 16 (42%) in the RIVP + ACP group (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.21–1.62; p = 0.31). There was a lower incidence of transient neurological deficits in the RIVP + ACP group (26% vs. 58%, OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10–0.67,p = 0.006;). The RIVP + ACP group underwent shorter intubation (25 vs 47 h, p = 0.022) and required fewer blood products (red cells, 3.8 units vs 6.5 units, p = 0.047; platelet: 2.0 units vs 2.0 units, p = 0.023) compared with the ACP group. Conclusions RIVP + ACP may be associated with lower incidence of transient neurological deficits, shorter intubation and less blood transfusion requirement than ACP alone during TARS. Multi-center, randomized trials with larger samples are required to determine whether RIVP + ACP is associated with lower rates of mortality and major complications. Trial registration: Pilot study of a RCT registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03607786), Registered 30 July, 2018—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03607786. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02002-9.
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Xia Q, Cao Y, Xie B, Qiu D, Deng L, Wang M, Han H. Cannulation strategies in type A aortic dissection: a novel insight narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2551-2562. [PMID: 34012600 PMCID: PMC8107572 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights vital details that can be easily overlooked and discuss how to identify and fix failed cannulation from another novel insight. Appropriate arterial cannulation strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in Stanford type A aortic dissection (AAD) is highly necessary to reach satisfactory perfusion effects and appreciable clinical outcomes. Despite several previously published reviews on cannulation strategies in AAD, most focus on the advantages and disadvantages by comparing various cannulation strategies. In fact, most of evidence came from retrospective studies. More importantly, however, some important details and novel approaches maybe overlooked due to variety reasons. These overlooked details also make sense in clinical practice. Papers related to cannulation refer to type AAD were retrieved and analyzed from the PubMed and Medline database. The key words such as “aortic dissection”, “cannula”, “cannulation”, “cannulation strategy”, “cerebral perfusion”, “type I aortic dissection” were conducted and analyzed. In addition, we looked at some new and very significant specific perfusion techniques such as anterograde cerebral perfusion combined with retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion (RIVP) and reperfusion via the right carotid artery before surgery. The arterial cannulation site and strategy should be determined individually. Monitoring measures are very necessary in the whole procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xia
- Department of Science and Education, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Baodong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongyun Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Maosheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Hongguang Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Xiong J, Tan Z, Liu X, Yu X, Lin J, Du L. Total body retrograde perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest is unsafe. Perfusion 2020; 35:707-709. [PMID: 32090681 DOI: 10.1177/0267659120906959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde cerebral perfusion and retrograde inferior vena cava perfusion at a pressure of 25 mmHg can protect brain and visceral organs during hypothermic circulatory arrest. Total body retrograde perfusion has been proposed as an alternative during aortic arch surgery. We describe two patients who received total body retrograde perfusion during hemi-arch replacement. The procedure had to be terminated at 8 and 15 minutes due to severe fluid retention and decline in cerebral oxygen saturation. Delirium occurred in one patient after surgery. We concluded that total body retrograde perfusion may be associated with high risk of hypoperfusion and should not be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyue Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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