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Rosales-Hernández MC, Mendieta-Wejebe JE, Padilla-Martínez II, García-Báez EV, Cruz A. Synthesis and Biological Importance of 2-(thio)ureabenzothiazoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186104. [PMID: 36144837 PMCID: PMC9502297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The (thio)urea and benzothiazole (BT) derivatives have been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. These groups, when bonded, result in the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles (TBT and UBT), which could favor the physicochemical and biological properties. UBTs and TBTs are compounds of great importance in medicinal chemistry. For instance, Frentizole is a UBT derivative used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The UBTs Bentaluron and Bethabenthiazuron are commercial fungicides used as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops. On these bases, we prepared this bibliography review, which covers chemical aspects of UBTs and TBTs as potential therapeutic agents as well as their studies on the mechanisms of a variety of pharmacological activities. This work covers synthetic methodologies from 1935 to nowadays, highlighting the most recent approaches to afford UBTs and TBTs with a variety of substituents as illustrated in 42 schemes and 13 figures and concluded with 187 references. In addition, this interesting review is designed on chemical reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazoles (2ABTs) with (thio)phosgenes, iso(thio)cyanates, 1,1′-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles [(T)CDI]s, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, and carbon disulfide. This topic will provide information of utility for medicinal chemists dedicated to the design and synthesis of this class of compounds to be tested with respect to their biological activities and be proposed as new pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Jessica E. Mendieta-Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Itzia I. Padilla-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Efrén V. García-Báez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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El-Azim MHMA, Assay MG, Farid W, Hamid AMA. Efficient Catalytic and Thermal Syntheses of Novel Thiadiazole, Triazole, Benzothiazole, and Fused Quinazoline Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Strzyga-Łach P, Chrzanowska A, Podsadni K, Bielenica A. Investigation of the Mechanisms of Cytotoxic Activity of 1,3-Disubstituted Thiourea Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111097. [PMID: 34832881 PMCID: PMC8623398 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted thiourea derivatives possess confirmed cytotoxic activity towards cancer but also normal cells. To develop new selective antitumor agents, a series of 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylthiourea analogs were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against the cell line panel. Compounds 1-5, 8, and 9 were highly cytotoxic against human colon (SW480, SW620) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells, and leukemia K-562 cell lines (IC50 ≤ 10 µM), with favorable selectivity over normal HaCaT cells. The derivatives exerted better growth inhibitory profiles towards selected tumor cells than the reference cisplatin. Compounds incorporating 3,4-dichloro- (2) and 4-CF3-phenyl (8) substituents displayed the highest activity (IC50 from 1.5 to 8.9 µM). The mechanisms of cytotoxic action of the most effective thioureas 1-3, 8, and 9 were studied, including the trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability, interleukin-6, and apoptosis assessments. Compounds reduced all cancerous cell numbers (especially SW480 and SW620) by 20-93%. Derivatives 2 and 8 diminished the viability of SW620 cells by 45-58%. Thioureas 1, 2, and 8 exerted strong pro-apoptotic activity. Compound 2 induced late apoptosis in both colon cancer cell lines (95-99%) and in K-562 cells (73%). All derivatives acted as inhibitors of IL-6 levels in both SW480 and SW620 cells, decreasing its secretion by 23-63%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Bielenica
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(48)-022-572-06-93; Fax: +(48)-022-572-06-79
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Ragab FA, Eissa AAM, Fahim SH, Salem MA, Gamal MA, Nissan YM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new coumarin derivatives as cytotoxic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100029. [PMID: 33872414 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New coumarin derivatives 9a-f, 10a-e, and 11a-f were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). All compounds exhibited good activity in the nanomolar range, using doxorubicin and erlotinib as positive controls. The most active compound 9d with IC50 of 21 nM was tested against the HCT-116, HepG-2, A549, and SGC-7901 cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.021, 0.170, 0.028, and 0.11 µM, respectively. Compound 9d was further investigated for its ability to suppress the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Compound 9d decreased the concentration of EGFR by 87%, using erlotinib as a positive control. A docking study revealed similar or higher scores than for erlotinib and similar binding poses providing interactions with the hinge region of the tyrosine kinase (TK). Besides the effect on expression, this in silico investigation predicts the possibility of direct binding between the new coumarin derivatives and the EGFR TK. Moreover, computational calculation for ADME properties for the most active compounds 9d, 9e, 10c, and 11c revealed the expected high gastrointestinal tract absorption, moderate water solubility with no central nervous system toxicity, and druglikeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A Ragab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Salem
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt.,School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yassin M Nissan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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5
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Abbas SY, Al-Harbi RA, Sh El-Sharief MA. Synthesis and anticancer activity of thiourea derivatives bearing a benzodioxole moiety with EGFR inhibitory activity, apoptosis assay and molecular docking study. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Hassan SS, Shallan RN, Salama MM. Antibacterial and molecular study of thiourea derivative ligand and its Dimethyltin(IV) complex with the superior of its Copper(II) complex as a hepatocellular antitumor drug. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mettu A, Talla V, Thumma S, Naikal James Prameela S. Mechanistic investigations on substituted benzene sulphonamides as apoptosis inducing anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103539. [PMID: 31911300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In an approach to develop potent cytotoxic compounds with targeted action, a systematic methodology was employed to design and initially synthesize parent compounds A1, A8, A13 and A14 followed by synthesis of further analogs of A1 (A2-A7) and A8 (A9-A12) with characterization by IR, NMR, mass and elemental techniques. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against DU-145, MCF-7, HCT-15, HT-29 cell lines and apoptosis inducing potential via various mechanistic studies. Compounds A2, A9, A10 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities compared to their parent compounds and standard drug 5-fluorouracil. Compound A2 displayed superior cytotoxicity with IC50 values less than 1 µM in most of the tested cell lines. Further, compound A2 also induced apoptosis in DU-145 cells as exemplified from DAPI staining, Annexin V-FITC assay, ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane alteration studies. The above studies depict the synthesized compound A2 as potent anticancer agent with the ability to induce apoptosis in prostate cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Mettu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500049, India; Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Soujanya Thumma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500049, India
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Domínguez‐Álvarez E, Łażewska D, Szabó Z, Hagenow S, Reiner D, Gajdács M, Spengler G, Stark H, Handzlik J, Kieć‐Kononowicz K. The Search for Histamine H
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Receptor Ligands with Anticancer Activity among Novel (Thio)urea Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Domínguez‐Álvarez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica GeneralConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsFaculty of PharmacyJagiellonian University Medical College 9 Medyczna Street 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Zsanett Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunobiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged Dóm tér 10 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Stefanie Hagenow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf
| | - David Reiner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunobiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged Dóm tér 10 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunobiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Szeged Dóm tér 10 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsFaculty of PharmacyJagiellonian University Medical College 9 Medyczna Street 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć‐Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of DrugsFaculty of PharmacyJagiellonian University Medical College 9 Medyczna Street 30-688 Kraków Poland
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Bielenica A, Sanna G, Madeddu S, Giliberti G, Stefańska J, Kozioł AE, Savchenko O, Strzyga-Łach P, Chrzanowska A, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Struga M. Disubstituted 4-Chloro-3-nitrophenylthiourea Derivatives: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102428. [PMID: 30248936 PMCID: PMC6222614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Chloro-3-nitrophenylthioureas 1–30 were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds exhibited high to moderate antistaphylococcal activity against both standard and clinical strains (MIC values 2–64 μg/mL). Among them derivatives with electron-donating alkyl substituents at the phenyl ring were the most promising. Moreover, compounds 1–6 and 8–19 were cytotoxic against MT-4 cells and various other cell lines derived from human hematological tumors (CC50 ≤ 10 μM). The influence of derivatives 11, 13 and 25 on viability, mortality and the growth rate of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bielenica
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliary, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliary, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliary, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University, 02-007 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Anna E Kozioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Marta Struga
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
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Devenderan R, Kasi P. Metal-free, base promoted sp 2 C-H functionalization in the sulfonamidation of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5294-5300. [PMID: 29993077 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, metal-free, base promoted sp2 C-H functionalization in the sulfonamidation of 1,4-naphthoquinones via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction using sulfonyl azides under mild reaction conditions is reported. In this straightforward atom- and step-economical protocol, the active alkene moiety of quinone undergoes a thermal azide-alkene [3 + 2] cycloaddition followed by proton abstraction, ring opening and elimination of a nitrogen molecule to form sulfonamidation products in good yield and all the synthesized sulfonamidation derivatives exhibit good absorption and emission characteristics. In addition, the electrochemical properties of both 1,4-naphthoquinone and menadione sulfonamidation derivatives are studied and significant redox potentials are observed. Other important features of this methodology are readily accessible and easy to handle starting materials, milder conditions, reaction with a wide range of substrates and shorter reaction times with good yields.
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Hernández-Vázquez E, Chávez-Riveros A, Romo-Pérez A, Ramírez-Apán MT, Chávez-Blanco AD, Morales-Bárcenas R, Dueñas-González A, Miranda LD. Cytotoxic Activity and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triazole-Containing Bis(Aryl Ether) Macrocycles. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1193-1209. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hernández-Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Instituto de Química; UNAM, Circuito Exterior S.N.; Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán México, DF 04510 México
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Instituto de Química; UNAM, Circuito Exterior S.N.; Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán México, DF 04510 México
| | - Adriana Romo-Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Instituto de Química; UNAM, Circuito Exterior S.N.; Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán México, DF 04510 México
| | - María Teresa Ramírez-Apán
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Instituto de Química; UNAM, Circuito Exterior S.N.; Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán México, DF 04510 México
| | | | | | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas / Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan; Ciudad de México, CP 14080 Mexico
| | - Luis D. Miranda
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Instituto de Química; UNAM, Circuito Exterior S.N.; Ciudad Universitaria; Coyoacán México, DF 04510 México
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Mekala R, Mani R, Jagdish P, Mathammal R. Design, structural investigation and physicochemical properties of benzotriazolium m-nitrophthalate monohydrate single crystals. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A comparative study of the metal binding behavior of alanine based bis-thiourea isomers. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:76. [PMID: 29086858 PMCID: PMC5544659 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new symmetrical bis-thiourea, 2,2′-[{(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)bis(carbonothioyl) bis(azanediyl)}dipropanoic acid] (1A) and 3,3′-[{(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)bis (carbonothioyl)bis(azanediyl)} dipropanoic acid] (1B) were synthesized by the reaction of terephthaloyl chloride with α- and β-alanine in good yields. Their binding properties were investigated with various metal cations using UV–Vis titration experiments. Both isomers exhibited effective binding with Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations. However, in the presence of other cations, such as Na+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sn2+, Al3+, and anions tetrabutylammonium Cl− and H2PO4−, no interaction occurred. Both isomers displayed similar trends towards binding with metal cations.
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Gul HI, Mete E, Taslimi P, Gulcin I, Supuran CT. Synthesis, carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibition studies of the 1,3,5-trisubstituted-pyrazolines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 32:189-192. [PMID: 27774818 PMCID: PMC6010057 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1244533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
4-(3-(4-Substituted-phenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamides (9-16) were successfully synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. Carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitory effects of the compounds were investigated. Ki values of the compounds were in the range of 316.7 ± 9.6-533.1 ± 187.8 nM towards hCA I and 412.5 ± 115.4-624.6 ± 168.2 nM towards hCA II isoenzymes. While Ki values of the reference compound Acetazolamide were 278.8 ± 44.3 nM and 293.4 ± 46.4 nM towards hCA I and hCA II izoenzymes, respectively. Compound 14 with bromine and compound 13 with fluorine substituents can be considered as the leader compounds of the series because of the lowest Ki values in series to make further detailed carbonic anhydrase inhibiton studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halise Inci Gul
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ebru Mete
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey.,c Department of Zoology, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- d Neurofarba Department , Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
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