Efficient synthesis of 1,3-naphtoxazine derivatives using reusable magnetic catalyst (GO-Fe3O4-Ti(IV)): anticonvulsant evaluation and computational studies

Green Synthetic Methods of Oxazine and Thiazine Scaffolds as Promising Medicinal Compounds: A Mini-review

Medical researchers have paid close attention to the green synthesis of oxazine and thiazine derivatives since they provided a lead molecule for the creation of numerous possible bioactive compounds. This review provides more information on green synthesis, which will be very helpful to researchers in creating the most effective, affordable, and clinically significant thiazine and oxazine derivatives that are anticipated to have strong pharmacological effects. This has resulted in the identification of several substances with a wide range of intriguing biological functions. This article's goal is to examine the numerous green chemical processes used to create oxazine and thiazine derivatives and their biological activity. We anticipate that researchers interested in oxazine and thiazine chemicals will find this material to be useful. We anticipate that medicinal chemists looking for new active medicinal components for drug discovery and advance progress will find this review of considerable interest.

Novel 1,4 benzothiazine 3-one derivatives as anticonvulsant agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and computational studies

In this study, two series of novel 1,4-benzothiazine-3-one derivatives with alkyl substitution (series 1: 4a-4f) and aryl substitution (series 2: 4g-4l) were designed and synthesized based on the chemical scaffolds of perampanel, hydantoins, progabide and etifoxine as anti-convulsant agents. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Anti-convulsant effect of the compounds was examined through intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazol (i.p. PTZ) induced epilepsy mouse models. Compound 4h (4-(4-bromo-benzyl)- 4 H-benzo[b] [1,4] thiazin-3(4 H)-one) demonstrated a promising activity toward chemically-induced seizure experiment. Molecular dynamics simulation on GABA-Aergic receptors as a plausible mechanism were also done to achieve the binding and orientation of compounds in the active site of the target to evaluate the results of docking and experimental studies. The computational results were confirmed the biological activity. DFT study of 4c and 4h was performed on B3LYP/6-311 G^** level of theory. Reactivity descriptors such as HOMO, LUMO, electron affinity, ionization potential, chemical potential, hardness and softness were studied in detail and show that 4h has higher activity than 4c. Also, the frequency calculations were performed on the same level of theory and the results are in line with experimental data. Moreover, in silico ADMET properties were done to establish a relationship between the physiochemical data of the designed compounds and their in-vivo activity. Appropriate plasma protein binding and high blood-brain barrier penetration are the main features of desired in-vivo performance.

Biofuels and Nanocatalysts: Python Boosting Visualization of Similarities

Among the most relevant themes of modernity, using renewable resources to produce biofuels attracts several countries' attention, constituting a vital part of the global geopolitical chessboard since humanity's energy needs will grow faster and faster. Fortunately, advances in personal computing associated with free and open-source software production facilitate this work of prospecting and understanding complex scenarios. Thus, for the development of this work, the keywords "biofuel" and "nanocatalyst" were delivered to the Scopus database, which returned 1071 scientific articles. The titles and abstracts of these papers were saved in Research Information Systems (RIS) format and submitted to automatic analysis via the Visualization of Similarities Method implemented in VOSviewer 1.6.18 software. Then, the data extracted from the VOSviewer were processed by software written in Python, which allowed the use of the network data generated by the Visualization of Similarities Method. Thus, it was possible to establish the relationships for the pair between the nodes of all clusters classified by Link Strength Between Items or Terms (LSBI) or by year. Indeed, other associations should arouse particular interest in the readers. However, here, the option was for a numerical criterion. However, all data are freely available, and stakeholders can infer other specific connections directly. Therefore, this innovative approach allowed inferring that the most recent pairs of terms associate the need to produce biofuels from microorganisms' oils besides cerium oxide nanoparticles to improve the performance of fuel mixtures by reducing the emission of hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of new triphenylamine-linked pyridine, thiazole and pyrazole analogues as anticancer agents

A new series of pyridine, thiazole, and pyrazole analogues were synthesized. The pyridone analogues 4a-e were synthesized by treating N-aryl-2-cyano-3-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)acrylamides 3a-e with malononitrile. Many 4-arylidene-thiazolidin-5-one analogues 6a-d were obtained by Knoevenagel reactions of 4-(diphenylamino)benzaldehyde (1) with their corresponding thiazolidin-5-one derivatives 5a-d. The structural elucidation of the products was proven by the collections of spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS data. Their anti-cancer activity was examined against two cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (mammary carcinomas) and A-549 (lung cancer). Compared with cisplatin as a reference standard drug, 6-amino-4-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2-oxo-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (4b) and 6-amino-4-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (4e) exhibited better efficiency against the A-549 cell line, with IC50 = 0.00803 and 0.0095 μM, respectively. Also, these compounds 4b and 4e showed the most potency among the examined compounds against MDA-MB-231 with IC50 = 0.0103 and 0.0147 μM, respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were docked inside the active sites of the selected proteins and were found to demonstrate proper binding. 2-Cyano-2-(4,4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-5-oxo-3-phenylthiazolidin-2-ylidene)-N-(p-tolyl)acetamide (6c) offered the highest binding affinity (− 8.1868 kcal/mol) when docked into (PDB ID:2ITO), in addition to 2-cyano-N-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-2-(4-(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-5-oxo-3-phenylthiazolidin-2-ylidene)acetamide (6a) gave the highest energy score (− 9.3507 kcal/mol) with (PDB ID:2A4L).