1
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Di Lella S, La Porta N, Tognetti R, Lombardi F, Nardin T, Larcher R. White rot fungal impact on the evolution of simple phenols during decay of silver fir wood by UHPLC-HQOMS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:170-183. [PMID: 34322910 PMCID: PMC9290616 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is one of the most valuable conifer wood species in Europe. Among the main opportunistic pathogens that cause root and butt rot on silver fir are Armillaria ostoyae and Heterobasidion abietinum. Due to the different enzymatic pools of these wood-decay fungi, different strategies in metabolizing the phenols were available. OBJECTIVE This work explores the changes in phenolic compounds during silver fir wood degradation. METHODOLOGY Phenols were analyzed before and after fungus inoculation in silver fir macerated wood after 2, 4 and 6 months. All samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. RESULTS Thirteen compounds, including simple phenols, alkylphenyl alcohols, hydroxybenzoketones, hydroxycinnamaldehydes, hydroxybenzaldehydes, hydroxyphenylacetic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycoumarins, were detected. Pyrocatechol, coniferyl alcohol, acetovanillone, vanillin, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid contents decreased during the degradation process. Methyl vanillate, ferulic acid and p-coumaric were initially produced and then degraded. Scopoletin was accumulated. Pyrocatechol, acetovanillone and methyl vanillate were found for the first time in both degrading and non-degrading wood of silver fir. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in the enzymatic pool, both fungi caused a significant decrease in the amounts of phenolic compounds with the accumulation of the only scopoletin. Principal component analysis revealed an initial differentiation between the degradation activity of the two fungal species during degradation, but similar phenolic contents at the end of wood degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Lella
- Department of Biosciences and TerritoryUniversity of MolisePescheItaly
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food SciencesUniversity of MoliseCampobassoItaly
| | - Nicola La Porta
- Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
- The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR)Edmund Mach FoundationTrentoItaly
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food SciencesUniversity of MoliseCampobassoItaly
- The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR)Edmund Mach FoundationTrentoItaly
| | - Fabio Lombardi
- Department of AgrariaUniversity Mediterranea of Reggio CalabriaReggio CalabriaItaly
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
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2
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Fu X, Zhang J, Gu X, Yu H, Chen S. A comprehensive study of the promoting effect of manganese on white rot fungal treatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of woody and grass lignocellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:176. [PMID: 34488855 PMCID: PMC8420007 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficiency of biological systems as an option for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass has to be improved to make the process practical. Fungal treatment with manganese (Mn) addition for improving lignocellulosic biomass fractionation and enzyme accessibility were investigated in this study. The broad-spectrum effect was tested on two different types of feedstocks with three fungal species. Since the physicochemical and structural properties of biomass were the main changes caused by fungal degradation, detailed characterization of biomass structural features was conducted to understand the mechanism of Mn-enhanced biomass saccharification. RESULTS The glucose yields of fungal-treated poplar and wheat straw increased by 2.97- and 5.71-fold, respectively, after Mn addition. Particularly, over 90% of glucose yield was achieved in Mn-assisted Pleurotus ostreatus-treated wheat straw. A comparison study using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and two-dimensional 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was conducted to elucidate the role of Mn addition on fungal disruption of the cross-linked structure of whole plant cell wall. The increased Cα-oxidized products was consistent with the enhanced cleavage of the major β-O-4 ether linkages in poplar and wheat straw lignin or in the wheat straw lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), which led to the reduced condensation degree in lignin and decreased lignin content in Mn-assisted fungal-treated biomass. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated that Mn addition to fungal treatment enhanced bond cleavage in lignin, especially the β-O-4 ether linkage cleavage played the dominant role in removing the biomass recalcitrance and contributing to the glucose yield enhancement. Meanwhile, enhanced deconstruction of LCCs was important in reducing wheat straw recalcitrance. The findings provided not only mechanistic insights into the Mn-enhanced biomass digestibility by fungus, but also a strategy for improving biological pretreatment efficiency of lignocellulose. CONCLUSION The mechanism of enhanced saccharification of biomass by Mn-assisted fungal treatment mainly through Cα-oxidative cleavage of β-O-4 ether linkages further led to the decreased condensation degree in lignin, as a result, biomass recalcitrance was significantly reduced by Mn addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Xiangyu Gu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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3
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Schultz JA, Coleman HD. Pectin and Xylan Biosynthesis in Poplar: Implications and Opportunities for Biofuels Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712083. [PMID: 34490013 PMCID: PMC8418221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A potential method by which society's reliance on fossil fuels can be lessened is via the large-scale utilization of biofuels derived from the secondary cell walls of woody plants; however, there remain a number of technical challenges to the large-scale production of biofuels. Many of these challenges emerge from the underlying complexity of the secondary cell wall. The challenges associated with lignin have been well explored elsewhere, but the dicot cell wall components of hemicellulose and pectin also present a number of difficulties. Here, we provide an overview of the research wherein pectin and xylan biosynthesis has been altered, along with investigations on the function of irregular xylem 8 (IRX8) and glycosyltransferase 8D (GT8D), genes putatively involved in xylan and pectin synthesis. Additionally, we provide an analysis of the evidence in support of two hypotheses regarding GT8D and conclude that while there is evidence to lend credence to these hypotheses, there are still questions that require further research and examination.
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4
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Li P, He C, Li G, Ding P, Lan M, Gao Z, Jiao Y. Biological pretreatment of corn straw for enhancing degradation efficiency and biogas production. Bioengineered 2020; 11:251-260. [PMID: 32125259 PMCID: PMC7161559 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1733733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of pretreatment on corn straw degradation and biogas production, corn straw was pretreated with mixed microbes and composting at 30°C for 14 days. The characteristics of material were measured and analyzed in the pretreatment process. Then, the pretreated and untreated corn straw was digested by anaerobic fermentation. Gas production and methane content of corn straw were analyzed. The results showed that the biological pretreatment process with mixed microbes could accelerate the degradation rate of straw and increase the degradation efficiency of lignin. The pH value of material was more stable, and the content of organic matter in the material was higher in the pretreatment process of corn straw with mixed microbes. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that the structure of the lignocellulose was changed by mixed microbes, increasing the exposed area of cellulose and hemicellulose, which was beneficial to improve the utilization efficiency of straw. The degradation rates of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 44.4%, 34.9% and 39.2%, respectively, after the pretreatment process with mixed microbes. Pretreatment was more helpful to increase the methane content in the anaerobic fermentation process of corn straw pretreated with mixed microbes, and could also shorten the fermentation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Lan
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youzhou Jiao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Medina J, Monreal CM, Orellana L, Calabi-Floody M, González ME, Meier S, Borie F, Cornejo P. Influence of saprophytic fungi and inorganic additives on enzyme activities and chemical properties of the biodegradation process of wheat straw for the production of organo-mineral amendments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109922. [PMID: 32063309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and lignin as main components of crop residues have a significant influence on composting operations and composition of the final products. Both are strongly associated, and lignin can be considered an important barrier during the biodegradation process of lignocellulosic materials. Saprophytic fungi are efficient lignin degraders due to their complex enzymatic system. Therefore, the influence of the inoculation of saprophytic fungi (Coriolopsis rigida, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma harzianum and Trametes versicolor) and the supply of inorganic additives (Al2O3, Fe2O3 and allophanic soil) that promote the stabilization of carbon (C), were analyzed in the biodegradation of wheat straw (WS). The activity of Laccase (LAC), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and β-glucosidase and changes in temperature, pH and E4/E6 ratio were analyzed in a biodegradation process of 126 days. The activity of LAC, MnP and the E4/E6 ratio were significantly influenced and increased (enzymes) by fungi species, inorganic additives, and time of inorganic material addition, as well as their interactions (p < 0.05). The WS inoculated with T. versicolor showed the highest average activities for LAC, MnP and β-glucosidase (2000, 220 UL-1 and 400 μmol pNP g-1 h-1 respectively). Furthermore, the addition of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 increased all the activities regarded to the decomposition of WS and influenced the changes associated with the stabilization of OM in composted WS. In conclusion, the inoculation of WS with T. versicolor in combination with metal oxides improved the enzyme related to the biodegradation process of WS favorizing its stabilization in the medium time, which is of importance in the composting of residues with high C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Campus Colchagua, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Carlos M Monreal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Orellana
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcela Calabi-Floody
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - María E González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sebastián Meier
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), CRI Carillanca, P.O. Box 58-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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6
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Nayan N, van Erven G, Kabel MA, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, Cone JW. Improving ruminal digestibility of various wheat straw types by white-rot fungi. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:957-965. [PMID: 30125969 PMCID: PMC6587845 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the ruminal degradability of various wheat straw types by the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CS) and Lentinula edodes (LE). Different cultivars (CV) of wheat straw at different maturity stages (MS) were treated with the fungi for 7 weeks and assessed for chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP). RESULTS Both fungi showed a more pronounced degradation of lignin on a more mature straw (MS3; 89.0%) in comparison with the straw harvested at an earlier stage (MS1; 70.7%). Quantitative pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, using 13 C lignin as an internal standard 13 C-IS Py-GC/MS revealed that lignin in more mature straw was degraded and modified to a greater extent. In contrast, cellulose was less degraded in MS3, as compared to MS1 (8.3% versus 14.6%). There was no effect of different MS on the IVGP of the fungus-treated straws. Among the different straw cultivars, the extent of lignin degradation varied greatly (47% to 93.5%). This may explain the significant (P < 0.001) effect of cultivar on the IVGP of the fungal-treated straws. Regardless of the factors tested, both fungi were very capable of improving the IVGP of all straw types by 15.3% to 47.6%, (as compared to untreated straw), with CS performing better than LE - on different MS (33.6% versus 20.4%) and CVs (43.2% versus 29.1%). CONCLUSION The extent of lignin degradation caused by fungal treatment was more pronounced on the more mature and lignified straw, while variable results were obtained with different cultivars. Both fungi were capable of improving the IVGP of various straw types. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazri Nayan
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - John W Cone
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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7
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Li M, Yoo CG, Pu Y, Biswal AK, Tolbert AK, Mohnen D, Ragauskas AJ. Downregulation of pectin biosynthesis gene GAUT4 leads to reduced ferulate and lignin-carbohydrate cross-linking in switchgrass. Commun Biol 2019; 2:22. [PMID: 30675520 PMCID: PMC6336719 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockdown (KD) expression of GAlactUronosylTransferase 4 (GAUT4) in switchgrass improves sugar yield and ethanol production from the biomass. The reduced recalcitrance of GAUT4-KD transgenic biomass is associated with reduced cell wall pectic homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan II content and cross-linking, and the associated increases in accessibility of cellulose to enzymatic deconstruction. To further probe the molecular basis for the reduced recalcitrance of GAUT4-KD biomass, potential recalcitrance-related factors including the physicochemical properties of lignin and hemicellulose are investigated. We show that the transgenic switchgrass have a lower abundance of ferulate and lignin-carbohydrate complex cross-linkages, reduced amounts of residual arabinan and xylan in lignin-enriched fractions after enzymatic hydrolysis, and greater coalescence and migration of lignin after hydrothermal pretreatment in comparison to the wild-type switchgrass control. The results reveal the roles of both decreased lignin-polymer and pectin cross-links in the reduction of recalcitrance in PvGAUT4-KD switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Present Address: Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210-2781 USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Ajaya K. Biswal
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Allison K. Tolbert
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, ORNL, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2506 Jacob Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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8
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van Erven G, de Visser R, Merkx DWH, Strolenberg W, de Gijsel P, Gruppen H, Kabel MA. Quantification of Lignin and Its Structural Features in Plant Biomass Using 13C Lignin as Internal Standard for Pyrolysis-GC-SIM-MS. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10907-10916. [PMID: 28926698 PMCID: PMC5647568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding
the mechanisms underlying plant biomass recalcitrance
at the molecular level can only be achieved by accurate analyses of
both the content and structural features of the molecules involved.
Current quantification of lignin is, however, majorly based on unspecific
gravimetric analysis after sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Hence, our research
aimed at specific lignin quantification with concurrent characterization
of its structural features. Hereto, for the first time, a polymeric 13C lignin was used as internal standard (IS) for lignin quantification
via analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric
detection in selected ion monitoring mode (py-GC-SIM-MS). In addition,
relative response factors (RRFs) for the various pyrolysis products
obtained were determined and applied. First, 12C and 13C lignin were isolated from nonlabeled and uniformly 13C labeled wheat straw, respectively, and characterized by
heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR), and py-GC/MS. The two lignin isolates were found to have identical
structures. Second, 13C-IS based lignin quantification
by py-GC-SIM-MS was validated in reconstituted biomass model systems
with known contents of the 12C lignin analogue and was
shown to be extremely accurate (>99.9%, R2 > 0.999)
and
precise (RSD < 1.5%). Third, 13C-IS based lignin quantification
was applied to four common poaceous biomass sources (wheat straw,
barley straw, corn stover, and sugar cane bagasse), and lignin contents
were in good agreement with the total gravimetrically determined lignin
contents. Our robust method proves to be a promising alternative for
the high-throughput quantification of lignin in milled biomass samples
directly and simultaneously provides a direct insight into the structural
features of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Erven
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry , Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ries de Visser
- IsoLife bv , Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Donny W H Merkx
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry , Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Unilever R&D Vlaardingen , Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Strolenberg
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry , Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Gijsel
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry , Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry , Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry , Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Wei L, Jian H, Lu K, Yin N, Wang J, Duan X, Li W, Liu L, Xu X, Wang R, Paterson AH, Li J. Genetic and transcriptomic analyses of lignin- and lodging-related traits in Brassica napus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1961-1973. [PMID: 28634809 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Candidate genes associated with lignin and lodging traits were identified by combining phenotypic, genotypic, and gene expression data in B. napus. Brassica napus is one of the world's most important oilseed crops, but its yield can be dramatically reduced by lodging, bending, and falling of its vertical stems. Lignin has been shown to contribute to stem mechanical strength. In this study, we found that the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) monolignol ratio exhibits a significant negative correlation with disease and lodging resistance. A total of 92 and 50 SNP and SSR loci, respectively, were found to be significantly associated with five traits, breaking force, breaking strength, lodging coefficient, acid detergent lignin content, and the S/G monolignol ratio using GWAS. To identify novel genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, transcriptome sequencing of high- (H) and low (L)-ADL content accessions was performed. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in glycoside catabolic processes (especially glucosinolate catabolism) and cell wall biogenesis, while down-regulated genes were involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, indicating that crosstalk exists between glucosinolate metabolic processes and lignin biosynthesis. Integrating this differential expression with the GWAS analysis, we identified four candidate genes regulating lignin, including glycosyl hydrolase (BnaA01g00480D), CYT1 (BnaA04g22820D), and two encoding transcription factors, SHINE1 (ERF family) and DAR6 (LIM family). This study provides insight into the genetic control of lodging and lignin in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wei
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, 30605, GA, USA
| | - Hongju Jian
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiujian Duan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, 30605, GA, USA.
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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10
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Saha BC, Kennedy GJ, Qureshi N, Cotta MA. Biological pretreatment of corn stover withPhlebia brevisporaNRRL-13108 for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and efficient ethanol production. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:365-374. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badal C. Saha
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service; Peoria IL 61604
| | - Gregory J. Kennedy
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service; Peoria IL 61604
| | - Nasib Qureshi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service; Peoria IL 61604
| | - Michael A. Cotta
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service; Peoria IL 61604
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11
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Thomsen ST, Londoño JEG, Ambye-Jensen M, Heiske S, Kádár Z, Meyer AS. Combination of ensiling and fungal delignification as effective wheat straw pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:16. [PMID: 26819628 PMCID: PMC4728756 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilization of lignocellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy production in developing countries demands competitive but low-tech conversion routes. White-rot fungi (WRF) inoculation and ensiling are two methods previously investigated for low-tech pretreatment of biomasses such as wheat straw (WS). This study was undertaken to assess whether a combination of forced ensiling with Lactobacillus buchneri and WRF treatment using a low cellulase fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, could produce a relevant pretreatment effect on WS for bioethanol and biogas production. RESULTS A combination of the ensiling and WRF treatment induced efficient pretreatment of WS by reducing lignin content and increasing enzymatic sugar release, thereby enabling an ethanol yield of 66 % of the theoretical max on the WS glucan, i.e. a yield comparable to yields obtained with high-tech, large-scale pretreatment methods. The pretreatment effect was reached with only a minor total solids loss of 5 % by weight mainly caused by the fungal metabolism. The combination of the biopretreatments did not improve the methane potential of the WS, but improved the initial biogas production rate significantly. CONCLUSION The combination of the L. buchneri ensiling and C. subvermispora WRF treatment provided a significant improvement in the pretreatment effect on WS. This combined biopretreatment produced particularly promising results for ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune T. Thomsen
- />Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jorge E. G. Londoño
- />Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Ambye-Jensen
- />Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- />Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Heiske
- />Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zsofia Kádár
- />Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- />Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for BioProcess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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