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Mahmoudi N, Wilhelm RC. Can we manage microbial systems to enhance carbon storage? Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3011-3018. [PMID: 37431673 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is an urgent environmental issue with wide-ranging impacts on ecosystems and society. Microbes are instrumental in maintaining the balance between carbon (C) accumulation and loss in the biosphere, actively regulating greenhouse gas fluxes from vast reservoirs of organic C stored in soils, sediments and oceans. Heterotrophic microbes exhibit varying capacities to access, degrade and metabolise organic C-leading to variations in remineralisation and turnover rates. The present challenge lies in effectively translating this accumulated knowledge into strategies that effectively steer the fate of organic C towards prolonged sequestration. In this article, we discuss three ecological scenarios that offer potential avenues for shaping C turnover rates in the environment. Specifically, we explore the promotion of slow-cycling microbial byproducts, the facilitation of higher carbon use efficiency, and the influence of biotic interactions. The ability to harness and control these processes relies on the integration of ecological principles and management practices, combined with advances in economically viable technologies to effectively manage microbial systems in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagissa Mahmoudi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roland C Wilhelm
- Department of Agronomy, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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2
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Tang X, Zhang L, Ren S, Zhao Y, Liu K, Zhang Y. Stochastic Processes Derive Gut Fungi Community Assembly of Plateau Pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae) along Altitudinal Gradients across Warm and Cold Seasons. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1032. [PMID: 37888290 PMCID: PMC10607853 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fungi occupy only a small proportion of the microbial community in the intestinal tract of mammals, they play important roles in host fat accumulation, nutrition metabolism, metabolic health, and immune development. Here, we investigated the dynamics and assembly of gut fungal communities in plateau pikas inhabiting six altitudinal gradients across warm and cold seasons. We found that the relative abundances of Podospora and Sporormiella significantly decreased with altitudinal gradients in the warm season, whereas the relative abundance of Sarocladium significantly increased. Alpha diversity significantly decreased with increasing altitudinal gradient in the warm and cold seasons. Distance-decay analysis showed that fungal community similarities were significantly and negatively correlated with elevation. The co-occurrence network complexity significantly decreased along the altitudinal gradients as the total number of nodes, number of edges, and degree of nodes significantly decreased. Both the null and neutral model analyses showed that stochastic or neutral processes dominated the gut fungal community assembly in both seasons and that ecological drift was the main ecological process explaining the variation in the gut fungal community across different plateau pikas. Homogeneous selection played a weak role in structuring gut fungal community assembly during the warm season. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of the distribution patterns of gut fungal communities and elucidate the mechanisms that maintain fungal diversity in the gut ecosystems of small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shien Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Grassland Station, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
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3
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Xie L, Zhang G, Wei Z, Li J, Song C. The dominant role of cooperation in fungal community drives the humification process of chicken manure composting under addition of regulatory factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116358. [PMID: 37295586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the action mechanism of fungal community on the enhancement of humification during chicken manure composting by regulating the core pathway of carbon metabolism - the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Regulators adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malonic acid were added at the beginning of composting. The analysis of changes in humification parameters showed that the humification degree and stability of compost products were improved by adding regulators. Compared with CK, the humification parameters of adding regulators group increased by 10.98% on average. Meanwhile, adding regulators not only increased key nodes, but also strengthened the positive correlation between fungi, and network relationship was closer. Moreover, core fungi associated with humification parameters were identified by constructing OTU networks, and the division and cooperation mechanism of fungi were confirmed. Ultimately, the functional role of the fungal community acting on humification was confirmed by statistical means, that was, the fungal community promoting humification was the main group of composting process. And the contribution was more obvious in ATP treatment. This study was helpful to gain insight into the mechanism of regulators addition to advance the humification process, and provided new ideas for the safe, efficient and harmless disposal of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Caihong Song
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
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4
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Ramos-Garza J, Aguirre-Noyola JL, Bustamante-Brito R, Zelaya-Molina LX, Maldonado-Hernández J, Morales-Estrada AI, Resendiz-Venado Z, Palacios-Olvera J, Angeles-Gallegos T, Terreros-Moysen P, Cortés-Carvajal M, Martínez-Romero E. Mycobiota of Mexican Maize Landraces with Auxin-Producing Yeasts That Improve Plant Growth and Root Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1328. [PMID: 36987016 PMCID: PMC10058334 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Compared to agrochemicals, bioinoculants based on plant microbiomes are a sustainable option for increasing crop yields and soil fertility. From the Mexican maize landrace "Raza cónico" (red and blue varieties), we identified yeasts and evaluated in vitro their ability to promote plant growth. Auxin production was detected from yeast isolates and confirmed using Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Inoculation tests were performed on maize, and morphological parameters were measured. Eighty-seven yeast strains were obtained (50 from blue corn and 37 from red corn). These were associated with three families of Ascomycota (Dothideaceae, Debaryomycetaceae, and Metschnikowiaceae) and five families of Basidiomycota (Sporidiobolaceae, Filobasidiaceae, Piskurozymaceae, Tremellaceae, and Rhynchogastremataceae), and, in turn, distributed in 10 genera (Clavispora, Rhodotorula, Papiliotrema, Candida, Suhomyces, Soliccocozyma, Saitozyma Holtermaniella, Naganishia, and Aeurobasidium). We identified strains that solubilized phosphate and produced siderophores, proteases, pectinases, and cellulases but did not produce amylases. Solicoccozyma sp. RY31, C. lusitaniae Y11, R. glutinis Y23, and Naganishia sp. Y52 produced auxins from L-Trp (11.9-52 µg/mL) and root exudates (1.3-22.5 µg/mL). Furthermore, they stimulated the root development of A. thaliana. Inoculation of auxin-producing yeasts caused a 1.5-fold increase in maize plant height, fresh weight, and root length compared to uninoculated controls. Overall, maize landraces harbor plant growth-promoting yeasts and have the potential for use as agricultural biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramos-Garza
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Aguirre-Noyola
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bustamante-Brito
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lily X. Zelaya-Molina
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jessica Maldonado-Hernández
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aurea Itzel Morales-Estrada
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Zoe Resendiz-Venado
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad No. 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Palacios-Olvera
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Thania Angeles-Gallegos
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Paola Terreros-Moysen
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel Cortés-Carvajal
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Coyoacán, Universidad del Valle de México, Calzada de Tlalpan 3016/3058, Coapa, Ex Hacienda Coapa, Coyoacán 04910, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
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Isolation and Characterization of Basidiomycetous Yeasts Capable of Producing Phytase under Oligotrophic Conditions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112182. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid is an organic phosphorus source naturally produced by plants as phosphorus stock and can be an alternative to rock phosphate, which is a dwindling resource globally. However, phytic acid is insoluble, owing to its binding to divalent metals and is, thus, not readily bioavailable for plants and monogastric livestock. Therefore, the enzyme phytase is indispensable for hydrolyzing phytic acid to liberate free phosphates for nutritional availability, making the screening of novel phytase-producing microbes an attractive research focus to agriculture and animal feed industries. In the present study, a soil-extract-based culture medium was supplemented with phytic acid as the sole phosphorus source and oligotrophic phytase-producing strains, which had not been previously studied, were isolated. Four fungal strains with phytic acid, assimilation activities were isolated. They were found to produce phytase in the culture supernatants and phylogenetic analysis identified three strains as basidiomycetous yeasts (Saitozyma, Leucosporidium, and Malassezia) and one strain as an ascomycetous fungus (Chaetocapnodium). The optimal pH for phytase activity of the strains was 6.0–7.0, suggesting that they are suitable for industrial applications as feed supplements or fertilizer additives for farmland.
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Dysbiosis of Gastric Mucosal Fungal Microbiota in the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6011632. [PMID: 35340583 PMCID: PMC8942701 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6011632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbes have been shown to contribute to gastric cancer (GC), gastric bacteria and viruses are associated with gastric carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between gastric fungi and GC is still unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the gastric fungal microbiota in the GC microenvironment. Methods Gastric fungal microbiome profiling was performed with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequencing in primary tumor and corresponding paired normal mucosal tissues from 61 GC patients. Differences in microbial composition, taxa diversity, and predicted function were further analyzed. Results Dysbiosis of gastric mucosal fungal microbiome was observed between the tumor and normal groups in GC. The tumor group had a higher abundance of certain taxa than the normal group. In the taxa classification, the abundances of Pezizomycetes, Sordariales, Chaetomiaceae, and Rozellomycota were lower in the tumor group than in the normal group. At the genus level, Solicoccozyma (P = 0.033) was found in higher abundance and was differentially enriched in the tumor group with Lefse analysis. Additionally, Solicoccozyma accounted for 0.3% of gastric fungi in the GC microenvironment. Twenty-seven of the 61 GC patients showed positive Solicoccozyma expression in tumors. Solicoccozyma-positive expression in tumors was associated with the Bormann classification and nerve invasion. Solicoccozyma was considered a gastric fungal marker to classify stage I and stage II-IV GC patients with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.7061, as well as to classify the nerve invasive and nonnerve invasive tumors from GC patients with an AUC of 0.6978. Functional prediction indicated that the positive expression of Solicoccozyma in tumors was associated with the amino acid- and carbohydrate-related metabolic pathways in GC. Conclusions This study revealed a novel perspective on the role of Solicoccozyma in tumors and a theoretical basis for therapeutic targets against GC.
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Triacyl Glycerols from Yeast-Catalyzed Batch and Fed-Batch Bioconversion of Hydrolyzed Lignocellulose from Cardoon Stalks. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipogenic ability of the yeast Solicoccozyma terricola DBVPG 5870 grown on hydrolyzed lignocellulose obtained from cardoon stalks was evaluated. Data on cell biomass, lipid production, and fatty acid profiles of triacylglycerols obtained in batch and fed-batch experiments were carried out at the laboratory scale in a 5L fermenter, and at two different temperatures (20 and 25 °C) were reported. The higher production of total intracellular lipids (13.81 g/L) was found in the fed-batch experiments carried out at 20 °C. S. terricola exhibited the ability to produce high amounts of triacylglycerol (TAGs) with a characteristic fatty acids profile close to that of palm oil. The TAGs obtained from S. terricola grown on pre-treated lignocellulose could be proposed as a supplementary source of oleochemicals. Indeed, due to the rising prices of fossil fuels and because of the environmental-related issues linked to their employment, the use of TAGs produced by S. terricola grown on lignocellulose could represent a promising option as a supplementary oleochemical, especially for biodiesel production.
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8
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Koczorski P, Furtado BU, Gołębiewski M, Hulisz P, Baum C, Weih M, Hrynkiewicz K. The Effects of Host Plant Genotype and Environmental Conditions on Fungal Community Composition and Phosphorus Solubilization in Willow Short Rotation Coppice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647709. [PMID: 34290719 PMCID: PMC8287252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient. Low availability of P in soil is mainly caused by high content of Fe2O3 in the clay fraction that binds to P making it unavailable. Beneficial microbes, such as P solubilizing microorganisms can increase the available P in soil and improve plant growth and productivity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of environmental conditions (climate, soil parameters), plant genotype, and level of plant association (rhizosphere or endophytic root organism) on the abundance and diversity of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in a Salix production system. We hypothesized that a lower number of endophytic fungi may possess the ability to solubilize P compared to the number of rhizosphere fungi with the same ability. We also expect that the plant genotype and the experimental site with its environmental conditions will influence fungal diversity. Two Salix genotypes grown in pure and mixed cultures were investigated for their fungal microbiome community and diversity in the rhizosphere and endosphere during two growing seasons. We found that the rhizosphere fungal community was more diverse. A general dominance of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes) and Basidiomycota (Tremellomycetes) was observed. The classes Agaricomycetes and Pezizomycetes were more frequent in the endosphere, while Tremellomycetes and Mortierellomycetes were more abundant in the rhizosphere. Plot-specific soil properties (pH, total organic carbon, and nitrogen) significantly influenced the fungal community structure. Among the culturable fungal diversities, 10 strains of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSFs) from roots and 12 strains from rhizosphere soil were identified using selective media supplemented with di-calcium and tri-calcium phosphates. The fungal density and the number of PSF were much higher in the rhizosphere than in the endosphere. Penicillium was the dominant genus of PSF isolated from both sites; other less frequent genera of PSFs were Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Clonostachys. Overall the main factors controlling the fungal communities (endophytic vs. rhizosphere fungi) were the soil properties and level of plant association, while no significant influence of growing season was observed. Differences between Salix genotypes were observed for culturable fungal diversity, while in metagenomic data analysis, only the class Dothideomycetes showed a significant effect from the plant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Koczorski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bliss Ursula Furtado
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Piotr Hulisz
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Tasselli G, Filippucci S, D'Antonio S, Cavalaglio G, Turchetti B, Cotana F, Buzzini P. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic fraction obtained from stranded driftwood feedstocks for lipid production by Solicoccozyma terricola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00367. [PMID: 31453116 PMCID: PMC6704348 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Stranded driftwood feedstocks (SD) were steam exploded and hydrolyzed. The enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized using a multivariate approach (RSM). The conversion of carbohydrates into lipids by S. terricola was high (YL = 25.26%). The fatty acid profile achieved was similar to that reported for palm oil. SD feedstocks resulted a cheap C-source for biofuels and biochemicals production.
Stranded driftwood feedstocks may represent, after pretreatment with steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis, a cheap C-source for producing biochemicals and biofuels using oleaginous yeasts. The hydrolysis was optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM). The solid loading (SL) and the dosage of enzyme cocktail (ED) were variated following a central composite design (CCD) aimed at optimizing the conversion of carbohydrates into lipids (YL) by the yeast Solicoccozyma terricola DBVPG 5870. A second-order polynomial equation was computed for describing the effect of ED and SL on YL. The best combination (ED = 3.10%; SL = 22.07%) for releasing the optimal concentration of carbohydrates which gave the highest predicted YL (27.32%) was then validated by a new hydrolysis. The resulting value of YL (25.26%) was close to the theoretical maximum value. Interestingly, fatty acid profile achieved under the optimized conditions was similar to that reported for palm oil.
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Key Words
- A600, absorbance at 600 nm
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- C/N, carbon/nitrogen
- C10:0, capric acid (decanoic acid)
- C12:0, lauric acid (dodecanoic acid)
- C14:0, myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid)
- C16:0, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)
- C18:0, stearic acid (octadecanoic acid)
- C20:0, arachic acid (eicosanoic acid)
- C22:0, behenic acid (docosanoic acid)
- C24:0, lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid)
- C5, carbohydrates with five carbon atoms
- C6, carbohydrates with six carbon atoms
- C8:0, caprylic acid (octanoic acid)
- CBU, cellobiase unit
- CCD, Central Composite Design
- DW, dry weight
- ED, enzyme dosage
- Enzymatic hydrolysis
- Eq, equation
- F.A.M.E., fatty acid methyl ester
- FA, fatty acid
- FPU, filterpaper unit
- GC, Gas Chromatography
- GC-FID, Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector
- HLF, hydrolyzed liquid fraction
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- LF, liquid fraction
- NREL, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- PL, total lipid production
- PL/DW, % of total intracellular lipid on cellbiomass
- PL/d, lipid production per day
- RI, refractive index
- RSM, response surface methodology
- Response surface methodology
- Rpm, revolutions per minute
- SD, stranded driftwood
- SE, steam explosion
- SFA, saturated fatty acid
- SL, solid loading
- Solicoccozyma terricola
- Stranded driftwood feedstocks
- TAGs, Tryacylglicerols
- UFA, unsaturated fatty acid
- UI, unsaturation index
- WIS, water insoluble substrate
- XG, Xilose and Galactose
- YL, lipid yied
- YPD, Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose
- Yeast biochemicals and biofuels
- Yoleic, oleic acid yield
- g, gravity force
- h, hours
- min, minutes
- p, p-value
- v/v, concentration in volume/volume percent
- Δ13C22:1, erucic acid [(13Z)-docos-13-enoic acid]
- Δ9,12,15C18:3, linolenic acid [(9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid]
- Δ9,12C18:2, linoleic acid [(9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid]
- Δ9C16:1, palmitoleic acid [(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid]
- Δ9C18:1, oleic acid [(9E9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid]
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Tasselli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Italy.,CIRIAF - Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Filippucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Cavalaglio
- CIRIAF - Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Italy.,Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Cotana
- CIRIAF - Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Italy.,Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Italy.,CIRIAF - Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Italy
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10
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Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01064-19. [PMID: 31175190 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01064-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural management practices affect bulk soil microbial communities and the functions they carry out, but it remains unclear how these effects extend to the rhizosphere in different agroecosystem contexts. Given close linkages between rhizosphere processes and plant nutrition and productivity, understanding how management practices impact this critical zone is of great importance to optimize plant-soil interactions for agricultural sustainability. A comparison of six paired conventional-organic processing tomato farms was conducted to investigate relationships between management, soil physicochemical parameters, and rhizosphere microbial community composition and functions. Organically managed fields were higher in soil total N and NO3-N, total and labile C, plant Ca, S, and Cu, and other essential nutrients, while soil pH was higher in conventionally managed fields. Differential abundance, indicator species, and random forest analyses of rhizosphere communities revealed compositional differences between organic and conventional systems and identified management-specific microbial taxa. Phylogeny-based trait prediction showed that these differences translated into more abundant pathogenesis-related gene functions in conventional systems. Structural equation modeling revealed a greater effect of soil biological communities than physicochemical parameters on plant outcomes. These results highlight the importance of rhizosphere-specific studies, as plant selection likely interacts with management in regulating microbial communities and functions that impact agricultural productivity.IMPORTANCE Agriculture relies, in part, on close linkages between plants and the microorganisms that live in association with plant roots. These rhizosphere bacteria and fungi are distinct from microbial communities found in the rest of the soil and are even more important to plant nutrient uptake and health. Evidence from field studies shows that agricultural management practices such as fertilization and tillage shape microbial communities in bulk soil, but little is known about how these practices affect the rhizosphere. We investigated how agricultural management affects plant-soil-microbe interactions by comparing soil physical and chemical properties, plant nutrients, and rhizosphere microbial communities from paired fields under organic and conventional management. Our results show that human management effects extend even to microorganisms living in close association with plant roots and highlight the importance of these bacteria and fungi to crop nutrition and productivity.
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Tasselli G, Filippucci S, Borsella E, D’Antonio S, Gelosia M, Cavalaglio G, Turchetti B, Sannino C, Onofri A, Mastrolitti S, De Bari I, Cotana F, Buzzini P. Yeast lipids from cardoon stalks, stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues as possible extra sources of oils for producing biofuels and biochemicals. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:147. [PMID: 29796088 PMCID: PMC5964688 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks occur in Mediterranean Countries. They are still largely unexploited and cause considerable problems due to the lack of cost-effective harvesting, storage and disposal technologies. Recent studies found that some basidiomycetous yeasts are able to accumulate high amount of intracellular lipids for biorefinery processes (i.e., biofuels and biochemicals). Accordingly, the above biomass feedstocks could be used as carbon sources (after their pre-treatment and hydrolysis) for lipid accumulation by oleaginous yeasts. RESULTS Cardoon stalks, stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues were pre-treated with steam-explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis for releasing free mono- and oligosaccharides. Lipid accumulation tests were performed at two temperatures (20 and 25 °C) using Leucosporidium creatinivorum DBVPG 4794, Naganishia adeliensis DBVPG 5195 and Solicoccozyma terricola DBVPG 5870. S. terricola grown on cardoon stalks at 20 °C exhibited the highest lipid production (13.20 g/l), a lipid yield (28.95%) close to the maximum theoretical value and a lipid composition similar to that found in palm oil. On the contrary, N. adeliensis grown on stranded driftwood and olive tree pruning residues exhibited a lipid composition similar to those of olive and almonds oils. A predictive evaluation of the physical properties of the potential biodiesel obtainable by lipids produced by tested yeast strains has been reported and discussed. CONCLUSIONS Lipids produced by some basidiomycetous yeasts grown on Mediterranean lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks could be used as supplementary sources of oils for producing biofuels and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Tasselli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Filippucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Borsella
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Matera, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Antonio
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Gelosia
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavalaglio
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Mastrolitti
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Matera, Italy
| | - Isabella De Bari
- ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Matera, Italy
| | - Franco Cotana
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CIRIAF-Biomass Research Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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