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Jin Y, Hu J, Su J, Aslan S, Lin Y, Jin L, Isaksson S, Liu C, Wang F, Schnürer A, Sitbon F, Hofvander P, Sun C. Improved bioenergy value of residual rice straw by increased lipid levels from upregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:90. [PMID: 37245032 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) straw is a common waste product that represents a considerable amount of bound energy. This energy can be used for biogas production, but the rate and level of methane produced from rice straw is still low. To investigate the potential for an increased biogas production from rice straw, we have here utilized WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a plant AP2/ERF transcription factor, to increase triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in rice plants. Two forms of Arabidopsis thaliana WRI1 were evaluated by transient expression and stable transformation of rice plants, and transgenic plants were analyzed both for TAG levels and biogas production from straw. RESULTS Both full-length AtWRI1, and a truncated form lacking the initial 141 amino acids (including the N-terminal AP2 domain), increased fatty acid and TAG levels in vegetative and reproductive tissues of Indica rice. The stimulatory effect of the truncated AtWRI1 was significantly lower than that of the full-length protein, suggesting a role for the deleted AP2 domain in WRI1 activity. Full-length AtWRI1 increased TAG levels also in Japonica rice, indicating a conserved effect of WRI1 in rice lipid biosynthesis. The bio-methane production from rice straw was 20% higher in transformants than in the wild type. Moreover, a higher producing rate and final yield of methane was obtained for rice straw compared with rice husks, suggesting positive links between methane production and a high amount of fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that heterologous WRI1 expression in transgenic plants can be used to improve the metabolic potential for bioenergy purposes, in particular methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Jin
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Selcuk Aslan
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Simon Isaksson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Folke Sitbon
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7080, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Park ME, Lee KR, Chen GQ, Kim HU. Enhanced production of hydroxy fatty acids in Arabidopsis seed through modification of multiple gene expression. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:66. [PMID: 35717237 PMCID: PMC9206371 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castor (Ricinus communis L.) seeds contain unusual fatty acid, hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) used as a chemical feedstock for numerous industrial products. Castor cultivation is limited by the potent toxin ricin in its seeds and other poor agronomic traits, so it is advantageous to develop a suitable HFA-producing crop. Significant research efforts have been made to produce HFA in model Arabidopsis, but the level of HFA produced in transgenic Arabidopsis is much less than the level found in castor seeds which produce 90% HFA in seed oil. RESULTS We designed a transformation construct that allowed co-expression of five essential castor genes (named pCam5) involved in HFA biosynthesis, including an oleate [Formula: see text] 12-hydroxylase (FAH12), diacylglycerol (DAG) acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), phospholipid: DAG acyltransferase 1-2 (PDAT1-2), phosphatidylcholine (PC): DAG cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT) and Lyso-PC acyltransferase (LPCAT). Transgenic Arabidopsis pCam5 lines produced HFA counting for 25% in seed oil. By knocking out Arabidopsis Fatty acid elongase 1 (AtFAE1) in pCam5 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the resulted pCam5-atfae1 lines produced over 31% of HFA. Astonishingly, the pCam5-atfae1 line increased seed size, weight, and total oil per seed exceeding wild type by 40%. Seed germination, seedling growth and seed mucilage content of pCam5-atfae1 lines were not affected by the genetic modification. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide not only insights for future research uncovering mechanisms of HFA synthesis in seed, but also metabolic engineering strategies for generating safe HFA-producing crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Q. Chen
- grid.417548.b0000 0004 0478 6311Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA USA
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
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Fei M, Jin Y, Jin L, Su J, Ruan Y, Wang F, Liu C, Sun C. Adaptation of Rice to the Nordic Climate Yields Potential for Rice Cultivation at Most Northerly Site and the Organic Production of Low-Arsenic and High-Protein Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:329. [PMID: 32425956 PMCID: PMC7212348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent demand for low-arsenic rice in the global market, particularly for consumption by small children. Soils in Uppsala, Sweden, contain low concentrations of arsenic (As). We hypothesize that if certain japonica paddy rice varieties can adapt to the cold climate and long day length in Uppsala and produce normal grains, such a variety could be used for organic production of low-arsenic rice for safe rice consumption. A japonica paddy rice variety, "Heijing 5," can be cultivated in Uppsala, Sweden, after several years' adaptation, provided that the rice plants are kept under a simple plastic cover when the temperature is below 10°C. Uppsala-adapted "Heijing 5" has a low concentration of 0.1 mg per kg and high protein content of 12.6% per dry weight in brown rice grain, meaning that it thus complies with all dietary requirements determined by the EU and other countries for small children. The high protein content is particularly good for small children in terms of nutrition. Theoretically, Uppsala-adapted "Heijing 5" can produce a yield of around 5100 kg per ha, and it has a potential for organic production. In addition, we speculate that cultivation of paddy rice can remove nitrogen and phosphorus from Swedish river water and reduce nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea and associated algae blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunkai Jin
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
The transfer of T-DNA sequences from Agrobacterium to plant cells is a well-understood process of natural genetic engineering. The expression of T-DNA genes in plants leads to tumors, hairy roots, or transgenic plants. The transformed cells multiply and synthesize small molecules, called opines, used by Agrobacteria for their growth. Several T-DNA genes stimulate or influence plant growth. Among these, iaaH and iaaM encode proteins involved in auxin synthesis, whereas ipt encodes a protein involved in cytokinin synthesis. Growth can also be induced or modified by other T-DNA genes, collectively called plast genes (for phenotypic plasticity). The plast genes are defined by their common ancestry and are mostly found on T-DNAs. They can influence plant growth in different ways, but the molecular basis of their morphogenetic activity remains largely unclear. Only some plast genes, such as 6b, rolB, rolC, and orf13, have been studied in detail. Plast genes have a significant potential for applied research and may be used to modify the growth of crop plants. In this review, I summarize the most important findings and models from 30 years of plast gene research and propose some outlooks for the future.
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