1
|
Finger M, Sentek F, Hartmann L, Palacio‐Barrera AM, Schlembach I, Rosenbaum MA, Büchs J. Insights into Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) growth and pigment formation with high-throughput online monitoring. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:e2100151. [PMID: 36619878 PMCID: PMC9815075 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces species are intensively studied for their ability to produce a variety of natural products. However, conditions influencing and leading to product formation are often not completely recognized. Therefore, in this study, high-throughput online monitoring is presented as a powerful tool to gain in-depth understanding of the cultivation of the model organism Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Through online measurements of oxygen transfer rate and autofluorescence, valuable information about availability of nutrients and product formation patterns of the pigments actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin can be obtained and explained. Therefore, it is possible to determine the onset of pigmentation and to study in detail the influencing factors thereof. One factor identified in this study is the filling volume of the cultivation vessel. Slight variations led to varying pigmentation levels. By combining optical and metabolic online monitoring techniques, the correlation of the filling volume with pigmentation could be explained as a result of different growth trajectories caused by varying specific power inputs and their influence on the pellet formation of the filamentous system. Finally, experiments with the addition of supernatant from unpigmented and pigmented cultures could highlight the applicability of the presented approach to study quorum sensing and cell-cell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Finger
- AVT ‐ Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Fabio Sentek
- AVT ‐ Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lukas Hartmann
- AVT ‐ Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Ana M. Palacio‐Barrera
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Ivan Schlembach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT ‐ Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palacio‐Barrera AM, Schlembach I, Finger M, Büchs J, Rosenbaum MA. Reliable online measurement of population dynamics for filamentous co-cultures. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2773-2785. [PMID: 35972427 PMCID: PMC9618322 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding population dynamics is a key factor for optimizing co-culture processes to produce valuable compounds. However, the measurement of independent population dynamics is difficult, especially for filamentous organisms and in presence of insoluble substrates like cellulose. We propose a workflow for fluorescence-based online monitoring of individual population dynamics of two filamentous microorganisms. The fluorescent tagged target co-culture is composed of the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30-mCherry and the pigment-producing bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)-mNeonGreen (mNG) growing on insoluble cellulose as a substrate. To validate the system, the fluorescence-to-biomass and fluorescence-to-scattered-light correlation of the two strains was characterized in depth under various conditions. Thereby, especially for complex filamentous microorganisms, microbial morphologies have to be considered. Another bias can arise from autofluorescence or pigments that can spectrally interfere with the fluorescence measurement. Green autofluorescence of both strains was uncoupled from different green fluorescent protein signals through a spectral unmixing approach, resulting in a specific signal only linked to the abundance of S. coelicolor A3(2)-mNG. As proof of principle, the population dynamics of the target co-culture were measured at varying inoculation ratios in presence of insoluble cellulose particles. Thereby, the respective fluorescence signals reliably described the abundance of each partner, according to the variations in the inocula. With this method, conditions can be fine-tuned for optimal growth of both partners along with natural product formation by the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Palacio‐Barrera
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Ivan Schlembach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Maurice Finger
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAVT—Biochemical EngineeringAachenGermany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAVT—Biochemical EngineeringAachenGermany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Finger M, Palacio‐Barrera AM, Richter P, Schlembach I, Büchs J, Rosenbaum MA. Tunable population dynamics in a synthetic filamentous coculture. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1324. [PMID: 36314761 PMCID: PMC9531331 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cocultures are used as a tool to stimulate natural product biosynthesis. However, studies often empirically combine different organisms without a deeper understanding of the population dynamics. As filamentous organisms offer a vast metabolic diversity, we developed a model filamentous coculture of the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 and the noncellulolytic bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The coculture was set up to use α-cellulose as a carbon source. This established a dependency of S. coelicolor on hydrolysate sugars released by T. reesei cellulases. To provide detailed insight into coculture dynamics, we applied high-throughput online monitoring of the respiration rate and fluorescence of the tagged strains. The respiration rate allowed us to distinguish the conditions of successful cellulase formation. Furthermore, to dissect the individual strain contributions, T. reesei and S. coelicolor were tagged with mCherry and mNeonGreen (mNG) fluorescence proteins, respectively. When evaluating varying inoculation ratios, it was observed that both partners outcompete the other when given a high inoculation advantage. Nonetheless, adequate proportions for simultaneous growth of both partners, cellulase, and pigment production could be determined. Finally, population dynamics were also tuned by modulating abiotic factors. Increased osmolality provided a growth advantage to S. coelicolor. In contrast, an increase in shaking frequency had a negative effect on S. coelicolor biomass formation, promoting T. reesei. This comprehensive analysis fills important knowledge gaps in the control of complex cocultures and accelerates the setup of other tailor-made coculture bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Finger
- AVT—Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Ana M. Palacio‐Barrera
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
| | - Paul Richter
- AVT—Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Ivan Schlembach
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT—Biochemical EngineeringRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich‐Schiller‐UniversityJenaGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans‐Knöll‐InstituteJenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rice straw mediated green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles and its application to improve thermal stability of endoglucanase enzyme. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 374:109722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Ajeje SB, Hu Y, Song G, Peter SB, Afful RG, Sun F, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Abdulkhani A, Sun H. Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794304. [PMID: 34976981 PMCID: PMC8715034 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes. The most significant breakthrough of lignocellulolytic enzymes lies in lignocellulose-deconstruction by enzymatic depolymerization of holocellulose into simple monosaccharides. However, commercially valuable thermostable cellulases and xylanases are challenging to produce in high enough quantities. Thus, the present review aims at giving an overview of the most recent thermostable cellulases and xylanases isolated from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microbes. The emphasis is on recent advancements in manufacturing these enzymes in other mesophilic host and enhancement of catalytic activity as well as thermostability of thermophilic cellulases and xylanases, using genetic engineering as a promising and efficient technology for its economic production. Additionally, the biotechnological applications of thermostable cellulases and xylanases of thermophiles were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaila Boyi Ajeje
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sunday Bulus Peter
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Richmond Godwin Afful
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Abdulkhani
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sinitsyn AP, Sinitsyna OA. Bioconversion of Renewable Plant Biomass. Second-Generation Biofuels: Raw Materials, Biomass Pretreatment, Enzymes, Processes, and Cost Analysis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S166-S195. [PMID: 33827407 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses various aspects of renewable plant biomass conversion and production of the second-generation biofuels, including the types of plant biomass, its composition and reaction ability in the enzymatic hydrolysis, and various pretreatment methods for increasing the biomass reactivity. Conversion of plant biomass into sugars requires the use of a complex of enzymes, the composition of which should be adapted to the biomass type and the pretreatment method. The efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis can be increased by optimizing the composition of the enzymatic complex and by increasing the catalytic activity and operational stability of its constituent enzymes. The availability of active enzyme producers also plays an important role. Examples of practical implementation and scaling of processes for the production of second-generation biofuels are presented together with the cost analysis of bioethanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadij P Sinitsyn
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schlembach I, Hosseinpour Tehrani H, Blank LM, Büchs J, Wierckx N, Regestein L, Rosenbaum MA. Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulose to itaconic acid by a co-culture of Trichoderma reesei and Ustilago maydis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:207. [PMID: 33317635 PMCID: PMC7737373 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconic acid is a bio-derived platform chemical with uses ranging from polymer synthesis to biofuel production. The efficient conversion of cellulosic waste streams into itaconic acid could thus enable the sustainable production of a variety of substitutes for fossil oil based products. However, the realization of such a process is currently hindered by an expensive conversion of cellulose into fermentable sugars. Here, we present the stepwise development of a fully consolidated bioprocess (CBP), which is capable of directly converting recalcitrant cellulose into itaconic acid without the need for separate cellulose hydrolysis including the application of commercial cellulases. The process is based on a synthetic microbial consortium of the cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei and the itaconic acid producing yeast Ustilago maydis. A method for process monitoring was developed to estimate cellulose consumption, itaconic acid formation as well as the actual itaconic acid production yield online during co-cultivation. RESULTS The efficiency of the process was compared to a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation setup (SSF). Because of the additional substrate consumption of T. reesei in the CBP, the itaconic acid yield was significantly lower in the CBP than in the SSF. In order to increase yield and productivity of itaconic acid in the CBP, the population dynamics was manipulated by varying the inoculation delay between T. reesei and U. maydis. Surprisingly, neither inoculation delay nor inoculation density significantly affected the population development or the CBP performance. Instead, the substrate availability was the most important parameter. U. maydis was only able to grow and to produce itaconic acid when the cellulose concentration and thus, the sugar supply rate, was high. Finally, the metabolic processes during fed-batch CBP were analyzed in depth by online respiration measurements. Thereby, substrate availability was again identified as key factor also controlling itaconic acid yield. In summary, an itaconic acid titer of 34 g/L with a total productivity of up to 0.07 g/L/h and a yield of 0.16 g/g could be reached during fed-batch cultivation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of consortium-based CBP for itaconic acid production and also lays the fundamentals for the development and improvement of similar microbial consortia for cellulose-based organic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Schlembach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Hamed Hosseinpour Tehrani
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT‑Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Complementing the intrinsic repertoire of Ustilago maydis for degradation of the pectin backbone polygalacturonic acid. J Biotechnol 2020; 307:148-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Teleky BE, Vodnar DC. Biomass-Derived Production of Itaconic Acid as a Building Block in Specialty Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1035. [PMID: 31212656 PMCID: PMC6630286 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass, the only source of renewable organic carbon on Earth, offers an efficient substrate for bio-based organic acid production as an alternative to the leading petrochemical industry based on non-renewable resources. Itaconic acid (IA) is one of the most important organic acids that can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass. IA, a 5-C dicarboxylic acid, is a promising platform chemical with extensive applications; therefore, it is included in the top 12 building block chemicals by the US Department of Energy. Biotechnologically, IA production can take place through fermentation with fungi like Aspergillus terreus and Ustilago maydis strains or with metabolically engineered bacteria like Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bio-based IA represents a feasible substitute for petrochemically produced acrylic acid, paints, varnishes, biodegradable polymers, and other different organic compounds. IA and its derivatives, due to their trifunctional structure, support the synthesis of a wide range of innovative polymers through crosslinking, with applications in special hydrogels for water decontamination, targeted drug delivery (especially in cancer treatment), smart nanohydrogels in food applications, coatings, and elastomers. The present review summarizes the latest research regarding major IA production pathways, metabolic engineering procedures, and the synthesis and applications of novel polymeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Müller MJ, Stachurski S, Stoffels P, Schipper K, Feldbrügge M, Büchs J. Online evaluation of the metabolic activity of Ustilago maydis on (poly)galacturonic acid. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:34. [PMID: 30574186 PMCID: PMC6299674 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pectin is a rather complex and highly branched polysaccharide strengthening the plant cell wall. Thus, many different pectinases are required for an efficient microbial conversion of biomass waste streams with a high pectin content like citrus peel, apple pomace or sugar beet pulp. The screening and optimization of strains growing on pectic substrates requires both, quantification of the residual substrate and an accurate determination of the enzymatic activity. Galacturonic acid, the main sugar unit of pectin, is an uncommon substrate for microbial fermentations. Thus, growth and enzyme production of the applied strain has to be characterized in detail to understand the microbial system. An essential step to reach this goal is the development of online monitoring tools. Results In this study, a method for the online determination of residual substrate was developed for the growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis on pectic substrates such as galacturonic acid. To this end, an U. maydis strain was used that expressed a heterologous exo-polygalacturonase for growth on polygalacturonic acid. The growth behavior on galacturonic acid was analyzed by online measurement of the respiration activity. A method for the online prediction of the residual galacturonic acid concentration during the cultivation, based on the overall oxygen consumption, was developed and verified by offline sampling. This sensitive method was extended towards polygalacturonic acid, which is challenging to quantify via offline measurements. Finally, the enzymatic activity in the culture supernatant was calculated and the enzyme stability during the course of the cultivation was confirmed. Conclusion The introduced method can reliably predict the residual (poly)galacturonic acid concentration based on the overall oxygen consumption. Based on this method, the enzymatic activity of the culture broth of an U. maydis strain expressing a heterologous exo-polygalacturonase could be calculated. It was demonstrated that the method is especially advantageous for determination of low enzymatic activities. In future, it will be applied to U. maydis strains in which the number of produced hydrolytic enzymes is increased for more efficient degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13036-018-0128-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jan Müller
- 1AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Jochen Büchs, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah Stachurski
- 1AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Jochen Büchs, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Stoffels
- 2Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- 2Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- 2Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- 1AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Jochen Büchs, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Regestein L, Klement T, Grande P, Kreyenschulte D, Heyman B, Maßmann T, Eggert A, Sengpiel R, Wang Y, Wierckx N, Blank LM, Spiess A, Leitner W, Bolm C, Wessling M, Jupke A, Rosenbaum M, Büchs J. From beech wood to itaconic acid: case study on biorefinery process integration. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:279. [PMID: 30337958 PMCID: PMC6180396 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Renewable raw materials in sustainable biorefinery processes pose new challenges to the manufacturing routes of platform chemicals. Beside the investigations of individual unit operations, the research on process chains, leading from plant biomass to the final products like lactic acid, succinic acid, and itaconic acid is increasing. This article presents a complete process chain from wooden biomass to the platform chemical itaconic acid. The process starts with the mechanical pretreatment of beech wood, which subsequently is subjected to chemo-catalytic biomass fractionation (OrganoCat) into three phases, which comprise cellulose pulp, aqueous hydrolyzed hemicellulose, and organic lignin solutions. Lignin is transferred to further chemical valorization. The aqueous phase containing oxalic acid as well as hemi-cellulosic sugars is treated by nanofiltration to recycle the acid catalyst back to the chemo-catalytic pretreatment and to concentrate the sugar hydrolysate. In a parallel step, the cellulose pulp is enzymatically hydrolyzed to yield glucose, which-together with the pentose-rich stream-can be used as a carbon source in the fermentation. The fermentation of the sugar fraction into itaconic acid can either be performed with the established fungi Aspergillus terreus or with Ustilago maydis. Both fermentation concepts were realized and evaluated. For purification, (in situ) filtration, (in situ) extraction, and crystallization were investigated. The presented comprehensive examination and discussion of the itaconate synthesis process-as a case study-demonstrates the impact of realistic process conditions on product yield, choice of whole cell catalyst, chemocatalysts and organic solvent system, operation mode, and, finally, the selection of a downstream concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Regestein
- AVT—Bio-chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Klement
- AVT—Bio-chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center of Molecular Transformations, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Grande
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52064 Aachen, Germany
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, Pflanzenwissenschaften (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Kreyenschulte
- AVT—Bio-chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Heyman
- AVT—Bio-chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Maßmann
- AVT—Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Eggert
- AVT—Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Sengpiel
- AVT—Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yumei Wang
- AVT—Enzyme Process Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Spiess
- AVT—Enzyme Process Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institut für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52064 Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- AVT—Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- AVT—Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Rosenbaum
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52064 Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT—Bio-chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Herlet J, Schwarz WH, Zverlov VV, Liebl W, Kornberger P. Addition of β-galactosidase boosts the xyloglucan degradation capability of endoglucanase Cel9D from Clostridium thermocellum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:238. [PMID: 30202433 PMCID: PMC6122707 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing the efficiency of enzymatic biomass degradation is crucial for a more economically feasible conversion of abundantly available plant feedstock. Synergistic effects between the enzymes deployed in the hydrolysis of various hemicelluloses have been demonstrated, which can reduce process costs by lowering the amount of enzyme required for the reaction. Xyloglucan is the only major hemicellulose for which no such effects have been described yet. RESULTS We report the beneficial combination of two enzymes for the degradation of the hemicellulose xyloglucan. The addition of β-galactosidase Bga2B from Clostridium stercorarium to an in vitro hydrolysis reaction of a model xyloglucan substrate increased the enzymatic efficiency of endoglucanase Cel9D from Clostridium thermocellum to up to 22-fold. Furthermore, the total amount of enzyme required for high hydrolysis yields was lowered by nearly 80%. Increased yields were also observed when using a natural complex substrate-tamarind kernel powder. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may improve the valorization of feedstocks containing high-xyloglucan amounts. The combination of the endoglucanase Cel9D and the β-galactosidase Bga2B can be used to efficiently produce the heptasaccharide XXXG. The exploitation of one specific oligosaccharide may open up possibilities for the use as a prebiotic or platform chemical in additional reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Herlet
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182 Russia
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Petra Kornberger
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laluce C, Igbojionu LI, Dussán KJ. Fungal Enzymes Applied to Industrial Processes for Bioethanol Production. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Herlet J, Kornberger P, Roessler B, Glanz J, Schwarz WH, Liebl W, Zverlov VV. A new method to evaluate temperature vs. pH activity profiles for biotechnological relevant enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:234. [PMID: 29046720 PMCID: PMC5637330 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoside hydrolases are important for various industrial and scientific applications. Determination of their temperature as well as pH optima and range is crucial to evaluate whether an enzyme is suitable for application in a biotechnological process. These basic characteristics of enzymes are generally determined by two separate measurements. However, these lead to a two-dimensional assessment of the pH range at one temperature (and vice versa) and do not allow prediction of the relative enzymatic performance at any pH/temperature combination of interest. In this work, we demonstrate a new method that is based on experimental data and visualizes the relationship among pH, temperature, and activity at a glance in a three-dimensional contour plot. RESULTS In this study, we present a method to determine the relative activity of an enzyme at 96 different combinations of pH and temperature in parallel. For this purpose, we used a gradient PCR cycler and a citrate-phosphate-based buffer system in microtiter plates. The approach was successfully tested with various substrates and diverse assays for glycoside hydrolases. Furthermore, its applicability was demonstrated for single enzymes using the endoglucanase Cel8A from Clostridium thermocellum as well as the commercially available complex enzyme mixture Celluclast®. Thereby, we developed a fast and adaptable method to determine simultaneously both pH and temperature ranges of enzymes over a wide range of conditions, an easy transformation of the experimental data into a contour plot for visualization, and the necessary controls. With our method, the suitability of an enzyme or enzyme mixture for any chosen combination of temperature and pH can easily be assessed at a glance. CONCLUSIONS We propose a method that offers significant advantages over commonly used methods to determine the pH and temperature ranges of enzymes. The overall relationship among pH, temperature, and activity is visualized. Our method could be applied to evaluate exactly what conditions have to be met for optimal utilization of an enzyme or enzyme mixture for both lab-scale and industrial processes. Adaptation to other enzymes, including proteases, should be possible and the method may also lead to a platform for additional applications, such as inactivation kinetics analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Herlet
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - P. Kornberger
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - B. Roessler
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - J. Glanz
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - W. H. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - W. Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - V. V. Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|