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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qing W, Lansing S, Shi J, Zhang W, Wang ZW. Anhydrous volatile fatty acid extraction through omniphobic membranes by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Mechanistic understanding and future perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121654. [PMID: 38701552 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from arrested anaerobic digestion (AD) can be recovered as a valuable commodity for value-added synthesis. However, separating VFAs from digestate with complex constituents and a high-water content is an energy-prohibitive process. This study developed an innovative technology to overcome this barrier by integrating deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with an omniphobic membrane into a membrane contactor for efficient extraction of anhydrous VFAs with low energy consumption. A kinetic model was developed to elucidate the mechanistic differences between this novel omniphobic membrane-enabled DES extraction and the previous hydrophobic membrane-enabled NaOH extraction. Experimental results and mechanistic modeling suggested that VFA extraction by the DES is a reversible adsorption process facilitating subsequent VFA separation via anhydrous distillation. High vapor pressure of shorter-chain VFAs and low Nernst distribution coefficients of longer-chain VFAs contributed to DES-driven extraction, which could enable continuous and in-situ recovery and conversion of VFAs from AD streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jiefu Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Weihua Qing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Stephanie Lansing
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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2
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Arhin SG, Cesaro A, Di Capua F, Esposito G. Acidogenic fermentation of food waste to generate electron acceptors and donors towards medium-chain carboxylic acids production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119379. [PMID: 37898048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the optimum pH, temperature, and food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratio for regulating the formation of electron acceptors and donors during acidogenic fermentation to facilitate medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) production from food waste. Mesophilic fermentation at pH 6 was optimal for producing mixed volatile fatty acids (719 ± 94 mg COD/g VS) as electron acceptors. Under mesophilic conditions, the F/M ratio (g VS/g VS) could be increased to 6 to generate 22 ± 2 g COD/L of electron acceptors alongside 2 ± 0 g COD/L of caproic acid. Thermophilic fermentation at pH 6 was the best condition for producing lactic acid as an electron donor. However, operating at F/M ratios above 3 g VS/g VS under thermophilic settings significantly reduced lactic acid yield. A preliminary techno-economic evaluation revealed that converting lactic acid and butyric acid generated during acidogenic fermentation to caproic acid was the most profitable food waste valorization scenario and could generate 442-468 €/t VS/y. The results presented in this study provide insights into how to tailor acidogenic fermentation reactions to desired intermediates and will help maximize MCCAs synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gyebi Arhin
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
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3
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Sulfite altered permanganate pretreatment effects on the volatile fatty acid production during sludge anaerobic fermentation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Doddapaneni TRKC, Kikas T. Integrating torrefaction of pulp industry sludge with anaerobic digestion to produce bioenergy and biochemicals: Techno-economic and environmental feasibility analysis. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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5
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Current Status and Prospects of Valorizing Organic Waste via Arrested Anaerobic Digestion: Production and Separation of Volatile Fatty Acids. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are intermediary degradation products during anaerobic digestion (AD) that are subsequently converted to methanogenic substrates, such as hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and acetic acid (CH3COOH). The final step of AD is the conversion of these methanogenic substrates into biogas, a mixture of methane (CH4) and CO2. In arrested AD (AAD), the methanogenic step is suppressed to inhibit VFA conversion to biogas, making VFA the main product of AAD, with CO2 and H2. VFA recovered from the AAD fermentation can be further converted to sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Although this concept is known, commercialization of the AAD concept has been hindered by low VFA titers and productivity and lack of cost-effective separation methods for recovering VFA. This article reviews the different techniques used to rewire AD to AAD and the current state of the art of VFA production with AAD, emphasizing recent developments made for increasing the production and separation of VFA from complex organic materials. Finally, this paper discusses VFA production by AAD could play a pivotal role in producing sustainable jet fuels from agricultural biomass and wet organic waste materials.
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Lin Q, Yuan Y, Zan F, Lu H, Wang Z, Guo G. A novel online analyzer for accurate and rapid measurement of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic wastewater treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 122:72-82. [PMID: 35717092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are largely generated during the anaerobic acidification process, are considered to be reliable indicators of the stable process operation. However, the common methods for monitoring VFAs are offline, and they are typically manual requiring time-consuming, costly and complex instruments. This study aims to develop a novel online analyzer for automatic measuring VFAs, which was based on the 5-pH point titration, embedded with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control system. The results show that it can achieve accurate and rapid monitoring of VFAs ranging between 0-400 mg/L (<9 min/sample) but simultaneously faces the problems of overtitration and interference of complex characteristics of wastewater. In order to improve its accuracy and stability, the effects of three general coefficients (KI,KP, and KD) of PID on the titration were investigated, and the optimal values of KI, KP, and KD were found to be 1.5, 1.0, and -1.0~0.5, respectively. Besides, the initial titration speed was set at 0.06 mL/min, equal to the minimum speed of the peristaltic pump, and the dichotomy approach was integrated into the PID feedback controller. Owing to the above improvements, the relative mean deviation and standard deviation of measuring VFAs in both synthetic and real wastewaters were mostly lower than 5.0% and 5.0 mg/L, proving the online analyzer is rapid, accurate and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment, MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Oh HW, Lee SC, Woo HC, Kim YH. Energy-efficient recovery of fermented butyric acid using octyl acetate extraction. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:46. [PMID: 35524283 PMCID: PMC9074251 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background A butyric acid recovery process using octyl acetate is proposed, and the design details of the extraction and subsequent distillation processes were investigated. Ternary equilibrium data for the extractor design were derived from molecular simulations and experimental measurements. Results A new procedure for estimating the thermodynamic parameters was introduced to determine the effect of the parameters on extractor design by comparison with previously reported parameters. Using the proposed recovery process with the newly estimated thermodynamic model, 99.8% butyric acid was recovered from the fermentation broth at a recovery rate of 99%. The energy demand for the proposed process was found to be lower than the average demand for several reported butyric acid recovery processes. Conclusions The investment cost is projected to be lower than that of other butyric acid processes due to the high efficiency of extraction solvent. The recovery cost of butyric acid was comparable to its selling price. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02146-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Woo Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Seong Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48547, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48547, South Korea.
| | - Young Han Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48547, South Korea.
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Hussain A, Lee J, Xiong Z, Wang Y, Lee HS. Butyrate production and purification by combining dry fermentation of food waste with a microbial fuel cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113827. [PMID: 34649320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study developed and evaluated a high-purity butyrate producing bioprocess from food waste by combining dry fermentation (DF) with a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Acclimatization of a DF reactor with an enrichment culture resulted in high food waste degradation (VS removed, %) and butyrate production. A high VS degradation of 81%, butyrate concentration of up to 24 gCODbutyrate/L and butyrate yields of 497 gCODbutyrate/kg VSadded was obtained in the DF reactor. As a result, butyrate comprised 83% of all short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the DF broth. Acetate (10%) and propionate (7%) comprised the rest of the SCFA. The butyrate composition was further purified by feeding the DF broth to a multi-electrode MFC enriched with anode respiring bacteria (ARB) such as Geobacter sp. (>55%). The ARB in the MFC removed acetate and propionate while purified butyrate was recovered in the MFC effluent. Butyrate purity in the MFC effluent reached as high as 99% at hydraulic retention time of 72 h. Along with butyrate purification, the MFC produced electric power in a range of 0.1-0.6 Wh/gCODbutyraterecovered (or 0.01-7.85 kWh/ton of food waste), demonstrating that MFCs can be an energy-positive butyrate purification bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By. Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jangho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By. Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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9
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Oh HW, Lee SC, Woo HC, Han Kim Y. Energy‐Efficient Biobutanol Recovery Process Using 1‐Heptanol Extraction. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Woo Oh
- Pukyong National University Department of Chemical Engineering 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu 48547 Busan South Korea
| | - Seong Chan Lee
- Pukyong National University Department of Chemical Engineering 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu 48547 Busan South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Woo
- Pukyong National University Department of Chemical Engineering 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu 48547 Busan South Korea
| | - Young Han Kim
- Pukyong National University Department of Chemical Engineering 365 Shinsun-ro, Nam-gu 48547 Busan South Korea
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10
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Valorisation of CO2 into Value-Added Products via Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES) and Electro-Fermentation Technology. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial electrocatalysis reckons on microbes as catalysts for reactions occurring at electrodes. Microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells are well-known in this context; both prefer the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter for producing electricity. Notably, the synthesis of high energy-density chemicals (fuels) or their precursors by microorganisms using bio-cathode to yield electrical energy is called Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES), giving an exceptionally appealing novel way for producing beneficial products from electricity and wastewater. This review accentuates the concept, importance and opportunities of MES, as an emerging discipline at the nexus of microbiology and electrochemistry. Production of organic compounds from MES is considered as an effective technique for the generation of various beneficial reduced end-products (like acetate and butyrate) as well as in reducing the load of CO2 from the atmosphere to mitigate the harmful effect of greenhouse gases in global warming. Although MES is still an emerging technology, this method is not thoroughly known. The authors have focused on MES, as it is the next transformative, viable alternative technology to decrease the repercussions of surplus carbon dioxide in the environment along with conserving energy.
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11
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Park YK, González-Fernández C, Robles-Iglesias R, Vidal L, Fontanille P, Kennes C, Tomás Pejó E, Nicaud JM, Fickers P. Bioproducts generation from carboxylate platforms by the non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6359137. [PMID: 34453534 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of renewable sources for bio-based production aiming at developing sustainable and feasible approaches towards a circular economy. Among these renewable sources, organic wastes (OWs) can be anaerobically digested to generate carboxylates like volatile fatty acids (VFAs), lactic acid, and longer-chain fatty acids that are regarded as novel building blocks for the synthesis of value-added compounds by yeasts. This review discusses on the processes that can be used to create valuable molecules from OW-derived VFAs; the pathways employed by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to directly metabolize such molecules; and the relationship between OW composition, anaerobic digestion, and VFA profiles. The review also summarizes the current knowledge about VFA toxicity, the pathways by which VFAs are metabolized and the metabolic engineering strategies that can be employed in Y. lipolytica to produce value-added biobased compounds from VFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyoung Park
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Raúl Robles-Iglesias
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), BIOENGIN group, University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Lea Vidal
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Fontanille
- Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), F-63178 Aubière, France
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), BIOENGIN group, University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Elia Tomás Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avenida Ramón De La Sagra, 3. 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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12
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Potential Valorization of Organic Waste Streams to Valuable Organic Acids through Microbial Conversion: A South African Case Study. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion of a “biobased economy” in the context of a developing country such as South Africa (SA) necessitates the development of technologies that utilize sustainable feedstocks, have simple and robust operations, are feasible at small scale and produce a variety of valuable bioproducts, thus fitting the biorefinery concept. This case study focuses on the microbial production of higher-value products from selected organic waste streams abundant in the South African agricultural sector using microbes adapted to utilize different parts of biomass waste streams. A ruminant-based carboxylate platform based on mixed or undefined anaerobic co-cultures of rumen microorganisms can convert the carbohydrate polymers in the lignocellulosic part of organic waste streams to carboxylic acids that can be upgraded to biofuels or green chemicals. Furthermore, yeast and fungi can convert the simpler carbohydrates (such as the sugars and malic acid in grape and apple pomace) to ethanol and high-value carboxylic acids, such as lactic, fumaric, succinic and citric acid. This review will discuss the combinational use of the ruminal carboxylate platform and native or recombinant yeasts to valorize biomass waste streams through the production of higher-value organic acids with various applications.
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Khatami K, Atasoy M, Ludtke M, Baresel C, Eyice Ö, Cetecioglu Z. Bioconversion of food waste to volatile fatty acids: Impact of microbial community, pH and retention time. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129981. [PMID: 33662716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based production of materials from waste streams is a pivotal aspect in a circular economy. This study aimed to investigate the influence of inoculum (three different sludge taken from anaerobic digestors), pH (5 & 10) and retention time on production of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), VFA composition as well as the microbial community during anaerobic digestion of food waste. The highest VFA production was ∼22000 ± 1036 mg COD/L and 12927 ± 1029 mg COD/L on day 15 using the inoculum acclimated to food waste at pH 10 and pH 5, respectively. Acetic acid was the dominant VFA in the batch reactors with initial alkaline conditions, whereas both propionic and acetic acids were the dominant products in the acidic condition. Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes had the highest relative abundance in the reactors. VFA generation was positively correlated to the relative abundance of Firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khatami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE100 44, Sweden.
| | - Merve Atasoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE100 44, Sweden.
| | - Maximilian Ludtke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE100 44, Sweden; IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Özge Eyice
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Zeynep Cetecioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE100 44, Sweden.
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14
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Hunter SM, Blanco E, Borrion A. Expanding the anaerobic digestion map: A review of intermediates in the digestion of food waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144265. [PMID: 33422959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a promising technology as a renewable source of energy products, but these products have low economic value and process control is challenging. Identifying intermediates formed throughout the process could enhance understanding and offer opportunities for improved monitoring, control, and valorisation. In this review, intermediates present in the anaerobic digestion process are identified and discussed, including the following: volatile fatty acids, carboxylic acid, amino acids, furans, terpenes and phytochemicals. The key limitations associated with exploiting these intermediates are also addressed including challenging mixed cultures of microbiology, complex feedstocks, and difficult extraction and separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hunter
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - Edgar Blanco
- Anaero Technology Limited, Cowley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aiduan Borrion
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, UK.
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15
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Patel A, Mahboubi A, Horváth IS, Taherzadeh MJ, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Generated by Anaerobic Digestion Serve as Feedstock for Freshwater and Marine Oleaginous Microorganisms to Produce Biodiesel and Added-Value Compounds. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:614612. [PMID: 33584617 PMCID: PMC7876238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.614612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given an increasing focus on environmental sustainability, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. However, microbial oil production relies on the use of costly sugar-based feedstocks. Substrate limitation, elevated costs, and risk of contamination have sparked the search for alternatives to sugar-based platforms. Volatile fatty acids are generated during anaerobic digestion of organic waste and are considered a promising substrate for microbial oil production. In the present study, two freshwater and one marine microalga along with two thraustochytrids were evaluated for their potential to produce lipids when cultivated on volatile fatty acids generated from food waste via anaerobic digestion using a membrane bioreactor. Freshwater microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella sorokiniana synthesized lipids rich in palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). This composition corresponds to that of soybean and jatropha oils, which are used as biodiesel feedstock. Production of added-value polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly omega-3 fatty acids was examined in three different marine strains: Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, and Crypthecodinium cohnii. Only Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 seemed promising, generating 43.19% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.56% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in total lipids. In summary, we show that A. protothecoides, C. sorokiniana, and Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 can be used for microbial oil production from food waste material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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16
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Gálvez-Martos JL, Greses S, Magdalena JA, Iribarren D, Tomás-Pejó E, González-Fernández C. Life cycle assessment of volatile fatty acids production from protein- and carbohydrate-rich organic wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124528. [PMID: 33333483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are platform molecules with numerous applications. They can be obtained by adjusting the operational conditions of anaerobic digestion to avoid methanogenesis while focusing on fermentative stages. There are gaps in the knowledge of how, from a life-cycle perspective, the fermentative process performs in VFAs production from waste, including environmental consequences of substituting common commodities in the current market. Mass and energy balances of VFAs production from protein-rich microalgal and carbohydrate-rich agro-industrial wastes were used herein as a key source of inventory data for life cycle assessment. Two waste treatment options were considered: (i) VFAs production (anaerobic fermentation) plus anaerobic digestion of the resulting waste after VFAs separation, and (ii) anaerobic digestion of the original waste for bioenergy. Several scenarios were formulated to evaluate their life-cycle performance. VFAs production generally shows a better environmental behaviour than conventional anaerobic digestion, principally due to the substitution of conventional chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Greses
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Antonio Magdalena
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Iribarren
- Systems Analysis Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Patel A, Sarkar O, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Valorization of volatile fatty acids derived from low-cost organic waste for lipogenesis in oleaginous microorganisms-A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124457. [PMID: 33316701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To meet environmental sustainability goals, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. At present, microbial fermentation for oil production relies on pure sugar-based feedstocks. However, these feedstocks are expensive and are in limited supply. Volatile fatty acids, which are generated as intermediates during anaerobic digestion of organic waste have emerged as a renewable feedstock that has the potential to replace conventional sugar sources for microbial oil production. They comprise short-chain (C2 to C6) organic acids and are employed as building blocks in the chemical industry. The present review discusses the use of oleaginous microorganisms for the production of biofuels and added-value products starting from volatile fatty acids as feedstocks. The review describes the metabolic pathways enabling lipogenesis from volatile fatty acids, and focuses on strategies to enhance lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms by tuning the ratios of volatile fatty acids generated via anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Omprakash Sarkar
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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18
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Abstract
Food waste has a great potential for resource recovery due to its huge yield and high organic content. Oriented fermentation is a promising method with strong application prospects due to high efficiency, strong robustness, and high-value products. Different fermentation types lead to different products, which can be shifted by adjusting fermentation conditions such as inoculum, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), organic loading rate (OLR), and nutrients. Compared with other types, lactic acid fermentation has the lowest reliance on artificial intervention. Lactic acid and volatile fatty acids are the common products, and high yield and high purity are the main targets of food waste fermentation. In addition to operational parameters, reactors and processes should be paid more attention to for industrial application. Currently, continuously stirred tank reactors and one-stage processes are used principally for scale-up continuous fermentation of food waste. Electro-fermentation and iron-based or carbon-based additives can improve food waste fermentation, but their mechanisms and application need further investigation. After fermentation, the recovery of target products is a key problem due to the lack of green and economic methods. Precipitation, distillation, extraction, adsorption, and membrane separation can be considered, but the recovery step is still the most expensive in the entire treatment chain. It is expected to develop more efficient fermentation processes and recovery strategies based on food waste composition and market demand.
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Atasoy M, Eyice O, Cetecioglu Z. A comprehensive study of volatile fatty acids production from batch reactor to anaerobic sequencing batch reactor by using cheese processing wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123529. [PMID: 32428848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) has great potential for closed-loop production in dairy industries via resource recovery from waste-streams. In the current study, the transition of VFA production from batch reactor to anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) by using cheese industry wastewater under alkali pH was evaluated with respect to seed sludge structure, microbial diversity and reactor type. The transition from the batch reactor to the ASBR demonstrated that the maximum VFA production yield (g COD/g SCOD) was comparable in two reactors (batch: 0.97; ASBR: 0.94), whereas, the dominant acid type was different (batch: 49% lactic acid; ASBR: 80% propionic acid). There was a significant correlation between the productions of butyric acid with Gracilibacteraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae; propionic acid with Desulfovibrionaceae and Synergistaceae; lactic acid with Pseudomonadaceae and Rhodocyclaceae. The high VFA production efficiency can be achieved by long term reactor operation, which enables the shift from industrial waste-streams to biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Atasoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Ozge Eyice
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Zeynep Cetecioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Sweden.
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20
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Bhatt AH, Ren ZJ, Tao L. Value Proposition of Untapped Wet Wastes: Carboxylic Acid Production through Anaerobic Digestion. iScience 2020; 23:101221. [PMID: 32563151 PMCID: PMC7305404 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although traditional anaerobic digestion (AD) process to produce methane-rich biogas from wet waste is deep-rooted, high carbon footprint and its low value as compared with other renewable sources demand advanced strategies to avoid its production. An emerging conversion pathway to arrest methanogenesis for producing value-added fuels and chemicals instead of biogas is sought as a sustainable alternative. This research provides a comprehensive analysis on current technology development, process challenges, applications, and economics for producing high-value short-chain carboxylic acids from AD of wet wastes. We show that (1) the theoretical energy yields of acids equal or exceed biogas, and (2) the cost of these acids is competitive with those produced from chemical markets, making this economically viable for mass production. With global abundance of wet waste feedstocks, this process of short-chain acid production provides a promising alternative to conventional biogas production technology, while achieving waste management and carbon mitigation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit H Bhatt
- Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ling Tao
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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